Strategies Of The Eu And The Us In Combating Transnational Organized Crime
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Strategies of the EU and the US in Combating Transnational Organized Crime by Brice Ruyver Pdf
From 23 to 26 January 2001 the incoming Belgian Presidency of the European Union organized an international conference on the strategies of the European Union and the United States in combating transnational organized crime. The conference gathered policy-makers, police and judicial authorities and other actors with a view to discussing important problems regarding the fight against organized crime. Apart from focusing on the European dimension of the subject (including Eastern Europe), the conference primarily addressed co-operation with the United States. This book collects, along with a number of plenary reports, texts that have been presented and discussed at the conference during the workshops, dealing with integrity and control on information exchange, cross-border operational activities, international/regional framework to fight organized crime, intelligence gathering in the context of peace-keeping activities, training of law enforcement authorities, integrity/corruption, drug trafficking, trafficking in human beings, money laundering and cyber crime.
Combating Transnational Crime and Corruption in Europe by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on European Affairs Pdf
Combating Transnational Crime by Dimitri Vlassis,Phil Williams Pdf
This work examines the challenges posed by transnational crime and the steps being taken by the international community to meet these challenges. It offers comprehensive analysis of different forms of transnational crime and the various responses that are being developed.
Transnational Organised Crime by Adam Edwards,Peter Gill Pdf
The perceived threat of 'transnational organized crime' to Western societies has been of huge interest to politicians, policy makers and social scientists over the last decade. This book considers the origins of this crime, how it has been defined and measured and the appropriateness of governments' policy responses. The contributors argue that while serious harm is often caused by transnational criminal activity - for example, the trafficking in human beings - the construction of that criminal activity as an external threat obscures the origins of these crimes in the markets for illicit goods and services within the 'threatened' societies. As such, the authors question the extent to which global crime can be controlled through law enforcement initiatives, and alternative policy initiatives are considered. The authors also question whether transnational organised crime will retain its place on the policy agendas of the United Nations and European Union in the wake of the 'War on Terror'.
G8 against Transnational Organized Crime by Dr Amandine Scherrer Pdf
The fight against money laundering, drug trafficking, illegal immigration, cyber crime, and the promotion of the enhancement of judicial and police cooperation in criminal matters have been at the core of the G8's actions in this field since the 1990s. This book sheds light on the nature, structure and modus operandi of the G8's specific expertise on transnational organized crime from a sociological approach in order to understand the elaboration, production and diffusion of international norms and standards. It provides a detailed analysis of an under-researched aspect of international politics: the intensification of expert-level exchanges on the international stage over the enhanced cooperation against transnational organized crime that has led to an impressive elaboration of best practices and soft law recommendations. Very few studies have focused on the experts who determine these: who they are, what their socio-professional background is, and the nature and impact of their collective work in the global fight against organized crime.
The Globalization of Crime by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Pdf
In The globalization of crime: a transnational organized crime threat assessment, UNODC analyses a range of key transnational crime threats, including human trafficking, migrant smuggling, the illicit heroin and cocaine trades, cybercrime, maritime piracy and trafficking in environmental resources, firearms and counterfeit goods. The report also examines a number of cases where transnational organized crime and instability amplify each other to create vicious circles in which countries or even subregions may become locked. Thus, the report offers a striking view of the global dimensions of organized crime today.
U. S. Military,Department Of Defense (Dod),U. S. Army
Author : U. S. Military,Department Of Defense (Dod),U. S. Army Publisher : Independently Published Page : 70 pages File Size : 49,5 Mb Release : 2018-10-04 Category : Political Science ISBN : 1726743993
Measuring Transnational Organized Crime Threats to U.S. National Security - Analysis of Three Conceptual Frameworks Used to Study Organized Crime, Un by U. S. Military,Department Of Defense (Dod),U. S. Army Pdf
In 2011 President Obama released the United States Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime (SCTOC). The strategy identified Transnational Organized Crime (TOC) as a national security threat directed the creation of an Interagency Threat Mitigation Working Group (TMWG). The SCTOC tasked the TMWG to identify criminal networks that posed a sufficiently high national security threat to merit a whole-of-government approach to achieve their defeat. Unfortunately, the SCTOC did not include any methodology for differentiating between criminal networks. Organized crime typologies, models, and assessment tools do exist. However, not all these tools are necessarily suitable for the TMWG. The question was, therefore, is there an existing typology or assessment model that can identify the TOC groups that present the national security threat defined in the SCTOC?A literature review of existing organized crime assessments identified the three most common conceptual frameworks used to study organized crime. These frameworks are organization-based, activities-based, and harm-based. The SCTOC discussion of TOC most closely resembles an organization-based conceptual framework. Therefore, all activities-based, and harm-based typologies were ruled out. SCTOC also identified specific selection criteria that helped match the SCTOC with an appropriate organization-based typology. The most appropriate model must be simple, support UN common terms, include key SCTOC variables, and address links to terrorists. A number of organization-based typologies were analyzed.The research found that The United Nations report, "Pilot Survey of Forty Selected Organized Criminal Groups in Sixteen Countries" meets the needs of the Threat Mitigation Working Group (TMWG) best. The UN typology is not designed to score TOC networks, so it is not an obvious choice, but it could be easily modified by the TMWG to rank-order TOC networks. The UN typology has the advantage of following the same conceptual model followed by the SCTOC. It is one of the few assessment tools to consider criminal links to terrorist organizations directly. It is also relatively simple, with clear definitions of all the relevant variables.Contents: 1. Introduction 2. TOC and U.S. National Security 3. Conceptual Frameworks for Describing and Measuring Transnational Organized Crime 4. The United States Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime 5. Assessment and Comparison of Selected TOC Typologies 6. ConclusionUnfortunately, despite international agreement that organized crime is a threat to national and global interests, global cooperation is hampered by the fact that there is very little agreement on how to define or measure transnational organized crime. Even the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) failed to achieve consensus on either a definition for organized crime or the types of crime that constitute that phenomenon. Similarly, the European Union attempt to define organized crime was a failure. Academics around the world complain that "behind this international political consensus on the importance and the threat of organized crime there is, nevertheless, a large and gaping scientific void." Despite all analysis available on TOC, no studies provide meaningful explanations for the seriousness and threat of organized crime, or a sound basis for the measurement of organized crime. The lack of a widely accepted definition impacts coordination between nations and between agencies within the United States government. Without a common definition it is impossible to agree upon methods by which to measure and compare transnational organized crime.
This strategic report is Europol's flagship product providing information to Europe's law enforcement community and decision-makers about the threat of serious and organised crime to the EU. The SOCTA is the cornerstone of the multiannual policy cycle established by the EU in 2010. This cycle ensures effective cooperation between national law enforcement agencies, EU institutions, EU agencies and other relevant partners in the fight against serious and organised crime. Building on the work of successive EU organised crime threat assessments (OCTA), produced between 2006 and 2011, and in line with a new methodology developed in 2011 and 2012, this is the inaugural edition of the SOCTA.
Organized Crime Legislation in the European Union by Francesco Calderoni Pdf
Just a few months after the entry into force of the EU Framework Decision on the fight against organized crime, this book provides an unprecedented analysis of the national and European legislation on organized crime. The book provides a critical examination of the European policies and legal instruments to promote the harmonization and approximation of criminal law in this field (including the United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime). The current level of harmonization among EU Member States and the approximation to the standards of the new Framework Decision are discussed in detail, with the help of tables, graphs and maps. The results highlight the problems surrounding the international legal instruments and the inconsistencies of the national approaches to combating organized crime.
Transnational Organized Crime in Central America and the Caribbean by Anonim Pdf
This report is one of several studies conducted by UNODC on organized crime threats around the world. These studies describe what is known about the mechanics of contraband trafficking - the what, who, how, and how much of illicit flows - and discuss their potential impact on governance and development. Their primary role is diagnostic, but they also explore the implications of these findings for policy. Publisher's note.
Transnational Organized Crime by Sidney. E. Dean,Sidney E Dean Editor Pdf
Much attention has been devoted to transnational terrorism over the past decade – and rightly so. Yet there is another transnational threat which has been expanding exponentially, but with a much lower profile, over the past two decades. Transnational Organized Crime or TOC is much more likely than terrorism to directly threaten the individual citizen of any western nation. In many ways it constitutes its own form of terrorism. Who does not consistently worry about identity theft, credit card fraud, or phishing? How much money and time does the average internet user spend on anti-virus software and other security measures, or on monitoring bank and credit card statements or credit reports? Thank TOC, which dominates the financial fraud sector. How many American and European jobs are lost due to product piracy in Asia or Africa? How many billions of taxpayer Dollars or Euros are spent on keeping up – or trying to catch up – with human smugglers? Thank TOC again. Not to mention the global drug trade, which now binds not only the single largest slice of law enforcement budgets, but is also diverting naval vessels away from their military missions. Speaking of naval vessels – there are clear indications that TOC has its hand in Somalian piracy as well. Then there is the nexus of TOC and terrorism. Latin American drug cartels have long employed terrorism in order to discourage government efforts to combat them. Conversely, terrorist groups such as the IRA have engaged in organized crime in order to finance their operations. Middle Eastern and Central Asian terrorist groups have entered the global drug trade in a big way. Not to forget the involvement of rogue governments in drug and weapons trafficking, counterfeiting, cybercrime and trademark piracy. Governments in North America, Europe and Asia have recognized the threat. They have also recognized that a transnational threat can only be defeated through transnational cooperation. The Transatlantic community conducted an in-depth conference of experts to discuss dismantling TOC networks. The Lisbon symposium was held in May 2011, but the final report was only released through the US State Department and the European Union in November. Pacific nations held a similar conference in Phuket in October, and quickly released the summary of proceedings. The United States government's National Security Council released the US strategy for combating transnational organized crime, classifying TOC as a national security threat. The US strategy – released in July – places great emphasis on international cooperation as well. The complete text of all three documents is reprinted in this issue of Hampton Roads International Security Quarterly. We wish you interesting reading.
Organized Crime and Illicit Trade by Virginia Comolli Pdf
Unlike much of the existing literature on organised crime, this book is less focused on the problem per se as it is on understanding its implications. The latter, especially in fragile and conflict regions, amount to strategic challenges for the state. Whereas most commentators would agree that criminal activities are harmful, this volume addresses the questions of ‘how?’, ‘for whom?’ and, controversially, ‘are they always harmful?’ The volume is authored by experts with multi-year experience analysing criminal and other non-state activities. They do so through different lenses - conflict and security, development, and technology - engaging academics, practitioners and policy makers. They offer a comprehensive integrated response to the challenges of transnational organised crime beyond traditional law-enforcement driven recommendations.
Transnational Organized Crime by Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung,Regine Schönenberg Pdf
Transnational organized crime interferes with the everyday lives of more and more people - and represents a serious threat to democracy. By now, organized crime has become an inherent feature of economic globalization, and the fine line between the legal and illegal operation of business networks is blurred. Additionally, few experts could claim to have comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the laws and regulations governing the international flow of trade, and hence of the borderline towards criminal transactions. This book offers contributions from 12 countries around the world authored by 25 experts from a wide range of academic disciplines, representatives from civil society organizations and private industry, journalists, as well as activists. Recognizing the complexity of the issue, this publication provides a cross cultural and multi-disciplinary analysis of transnational organized crime including a historical approach from different regional and cultural contexts.
Data Protection in EU and US Criminal Cooperation by Els de Busser Pdf
The research in this doctoral thesis examines the protection of personal data in two relationships: between judicial and law enforcement authorities of the EU Member States (including Europol and Eurojust) on the one hand and the US on the other hand. The book provides answers to the central question as to whether the EU complies with her own standards of data protection in these internal relations, as well as in the transatlantic cooperation in criminal matters. The new framework decision on data protection in criminal matters that entered into force in early 2009 is a significant element in this study, alongside the agreement concluded between the EU and the US on the mutual assistance in criminal matters of which the entry into force is equally planned for 2009. The book also reflects on the policy proposals of the EU on justice and home affairs for the period of 2010-2014. [Siracusa Prizewinner - This book was awarded the 2014 Siracusa Prize of the International Association of Penal Law (AIDP-IAPL), Paris. The 2014 Siracusa Prize is delivered on the occasion of the XIXth International Congress of Penal Law, Rio de Janeiro Paris.]
