Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions

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Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions

K. Mohanakumar
Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions Book PDF

Author : K. Mohanakumar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2008-07-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402082177

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Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions by K. Mohanakumar Pdf

Stratospheric processes play a signi?cant role in regulating the weather and c- mate of the Earth system. Solar radiation, which is the primary source of energy for the tropospheric weather systems, is absorbed by ozone when it passes through the stratosphere, thereby modulating the solar-forcing energy reaching into the t- posphere. The concentrations of the radiatively sensitive greenhouse gases present in the lower atmosphere, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone, control the radiation balance of the atmosphere by the two-way interaction between the stratosphere and troposphere. The stratosphere is the transition region which interacts with the weather s- tems in the lower atmosphere and the richly ionized upper atmosphere. Therefore, this part of the atmosphere provides a long list of challenging scienti?c problems of basic nature involving its thermal structure, energetics, composition, dynamics, chemistry, and modeling. The lower stratosphere is very much linked dynamically, radiatively,and chemically with the upper troposphere,even though the temperature characteristics of these regions are different. The stratosphere is a region of high stability, rich in ozone and poor in water - por and temperature increases with altitude. The lower stratospheric ozone absorbs the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and protects life on the Earth. On the other hand, the troposphere has high concentrations of water vapor, is low in ozone, and temperature decreases with altitude. The convective activity is more in the troposphere than in the stratosphere.

Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions

K. Mohanakumar
Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions Book PDF

Author : K. Mohanakumar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2008-07-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402082160

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Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions by K. Mohanakumar Pdf

Stratospheric processes play a signi?cant role in regulating the weather and c- mate of the Earth system. Solar radiation, which is the primary source of energy for the tropospheric weather systems, is absorbed by ozone when it passes through the stratosphere, thereby modulating the solar-forcing energy reaching into the t- posphere. The concentrations of the radiatively sensitive greenhouse gases present in the lower atmosphere, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone, control the radiation balance of the atmosphere by the two-way interaction between the stratosphere and troposphere. The stratosphere is the transition region which interacts with the weather s- tems in the lower atmosphere and the richly ionized upper atmosphere. Therefore, this part of the atmosphere provides a long list of challenging scienti?c problems of basic nature involving its thermal structure, energetics, composition, dynamics, chemistry, and modeling. The lower stratosphere is very much linked dynamically, radiatively,and chemically with the upper troposphere,even though the temperature characteristics of these regions are different. The stratosphere is a region of high stability, rich in ozone and poor in water - por and temperature increases with altitude. The lower stratospheric ozone absorbs the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and protects life on the Earth. On the other hand, the troposphere has high concentrations of water vapor, is low in ozone, and temperature decreases with altitude. The convective activity is more in the troposphere than in the stratosphere.

Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction

Andrew Robertson,Frederic Vitart
Sub seasonal to Seasonal Prediction Book PDF

Author : Andrew Robertson,Frederic Vitart
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 585 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2018-10-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128117156

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Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction by Andrew Robertson,Frederic Vitart Pdf

The Gap Between Weather and Climate Forecasting: Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction is an ideal reference for researchers and practitioners across the range of disciplines involved in the science, modeling, forecasting and application of this new frontier in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction. It provides an accessible, yet rigorous, introduction to the scientific principles and sources of predictability through the unique challenges of numerical simulation and forecasting with state-of-science modeling codes and supercomputers. Additional coverage includes the prospects for developing applications to trigger early action decisions to lessen weather catastrophes, minimize costly damage, and optimize operator decisions. The book consists of a set of contributed chapters solicited from experts and leaders in the fields of S2S predictability science, numerical modeling, operational forecasting, and developing application sectors. The introduction and conclusion, written by the co-editors, provides historical perspective, unique synthesis and prospects, and emerging opportunities in this exciting, complex and interdisciplinary field. Contains contributed chapters from leaders and experts in sub-seasonal to seasonal science, forecasting and applications Provides a one-stop shop for graduate students, academic and applied researchers, and practitioners in an emerging and interdisciplinary field Offers a synthesis of the state of S2S science through the use of concrete examples, enabling potential users of S2S forecasts to quickly grasp the potential for application in their own decision-making Includes a broad set of topics, illustrated with graphic examples, that highlight interdisciplinary linkages

The Stratosphere

L. M. Polvani,A. H. Sobel,D. W. Waugh
The Stratosphere Book PDF

Author : L. M. Polvani,A. H. Sobel,D. W. Waugh
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118671597

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The Stratosphere by L. M. Polvani,A. H. Sobel,D. W. Waugh Pdf

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 190. The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry is the first volume in 20 years that offers a comprehensive review of the Earth's stratosphere, increasingly recognized as an important component of the climate system. The volume addresses key advances in our understanding of the stratospheric circulation and transport and summarizes the last two decades of research to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the state of the field. This monograph reviews many important aspects of the dynamics, transport, and chemistry of the stratosphere by some of the world's leading experts, including up-to-date discussions of Dynamics of stratospheric polar vortices Chemistry and dynamics of the ozone hole Role of solar variability in the stratosphere Effect of gravity waves in the stratosphere Importance of atmospheric annular modes This volume will be of interest to graduate students and scientists who wish to learn more about the stratosphere. It will also be useful to atmospheric science departments as a textbook for classes on the stratosphere.

Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences

Gerald R. North,John A. Pyle,Fuqing Zhang
Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences Book PDF

Author : Gerald R. North,John A. Pyle,Fuqing Zhang
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 2874 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2014-09-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780123822260

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Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences by Gerald R. North,John A. Pyle,Fuqing Zhang Pdf

Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Second Edition, Six Volume Set is an authoritative resource covering all aspects of atmospheric sciences, including both theory and applications. With more than 320 articles and 1,600 figures and photographs, this revised version of the award-winning first edition offers comprehensive coverage of this important field. The six volumes in this set contain broad-ranging articles on topics such as atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layers, clouds, general circulation, global change, mesoscale meteorology, ozone, radar, satellite remote sensing, and weather prediction. The Encyclopedia is an ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences. It is written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with the latest information in the field. Covers all aspects of atmospheric sciences—including both theory and applications Presents more than 320 articles and more than 1,600 figures and photographs Broad-ranging articles include topics such as atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layers, clouds, general circulation, global change, mesoscale meteorology, ozone, radar, satellite remote sensing, and weather prediction An ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences

The Stratosphere

Karin G. Labitzke,Harry van Loon
The Stratosphere Book PDF

Author : Karin G. Labitzke,Harry van Loon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642585418

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The Stratosphere by Karin G. Labitzke,Harry van Loon Pdf

This book presents the history, phenomena, and relevance of the stratosphere. Beginning with the discovery of the stratosphere itself, the book explores various unexpected phenomena observed in the stratosphere, such as the ozone hole in 1984 and the influence of the 11-year solar cycle in 1987. It describes the interrelations of stratospheric phenomena and its effects on the variability of the climate system, as well as examines various human impacts on the system such as the decrease in the ozone layer.

Middle Atmosphere

PLUMB
Middle Atmosphere Book PDF

Author : PLUMB
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034858250

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Middle Atmosphere by PLUMB Pdf

PAGEOPH, stratosphere, these differences provide us with new evidence, interpretation of which can materially help to advance our understanding of stratospheric dynamics in general. It is now weil established that smaller-scale motions-in particular gravity waves and turbulence-are of fundamental importance in the general circulation of the mesosphere; they seem to be similarly, if less spectacularly, significant in the troposphere, and probably also in the stratosphere. Our understanding of these motions, their effects on the mean circulation and their mutual interactions is progressing rapidly, as is weil illustrated by the papers in this issue; there are reports of observational studies, especially with new instruments such as the Japanese MV radar, reviews of the state of theory, a laboratory study and an analysis of gravity waves and their effects in the high resolution "SKYHI" general circulation model. There are good reasons to suspect that gravity waves may be of crucial significance in making the stratospheric circulation the way it is (modeling experience being one suggestive piece of evidence for this). Direct observational proof has thus far been prevented by the difficulty of making observations of such scales of motion in this region; in one study reported here, falling sphere observations are used to obtain information on the structure and intensity of waves in the upper stratosphere.

Middle Atmosphere Dynamics

David G. Andrews,Conway B. Leovy,James R. Holton
Middle Atmosphere Dynamics Book PDF

Author : David G. Andrews,Conway B. Leovy,James R. Holton
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080954677

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Middle Atmosphere Dynamics by David G. Andrews,Conway B. Leovy,James R. Holton Pdf

For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography. * Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates and beginning graduate students * Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations and laboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web * Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informative laboratory experiments * Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn the material.

Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Climate Change

Rolf Müller (physicien.)
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Climate Change Book PDF

Author : Rolf Müller (physicien.)
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781849730020

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Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Climate Change by Rolf Müller (physicien.) Pdf

In recent years, several new concepts have emerged in the field of stratospheric ozone depletion, creating a need for a concise in-depth publication covering the ozone-climate issue. This monograph fills that void in the literature and gives detailed treatment of recent advances in the field of stratospheric ozone depletion. It puts particular emphasis on the coupling between changes in the ozone layer and atmospheric change caused by a changing climate. The book, written by leading experts in the field, brings the reader the most recent research in this area and fills the gap between advanced textbooks and assessments.

The Atmospheric Sciences

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
The Atmospheric Sciences Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1998-11-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309064156

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The Atmospheric Sciences by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Pdf

Technology has propelled the atmospheric sciences from a fledgling discipline to a global enterprise. Findings in this field shape a broad spectrum of decisionsâ€"what to wear outdoors, whether aircraft should fly, how to deal with the issue of climate change, and more. This book presents a comprehensive assessment of the atmospheric sciences and offers a vision for the future and a range of recommendations for federal authorities, the scientific community, and education administrators. How does atmospheric science contribute to national well-being? In the context of this question, the panel identifies imperatives in scientific observation, recommends directions for modeling and forecasting research, and examines management issues, including the growing problem of weather data availability. Five subdisciplinesâ€"physics, chemistry, dynamics and weather forecasting, upper atmosphere and near-earth space physics, climate and climate changeâ€"and their status as the science enters the twenty-first century are examined in detail, including recommendations for research. This readable book will be of interest to public-sector policy framers and private-sector decisionmakers as well as researchers, educators, and students in the atmospheric sciences.

Tropospheric Ozone

Ivar S.A. Isaksen
Tropospheric Ozone Book PDF

Author : Ivar S.A. Isaksen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400929135

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Tropospheric Ozone by Ivar S.A. Isaksen Pdf

The main objective of the workshop was to increase our knowledge of ozone formation and distribution in the troposphere, its relation to precursor (NO~ and HC species) distribution, how it is affected by transport processes in the troposphere, and to show how the increasing levels of ozone can cause environmental problem. The focus was on the interaction of ozone on regional and global scales. There is mounting evidence that such interactions occur and that the ozone levels are increasing in most of the Northern Hemisphere tropo sphere. A likely source of ozone increase is human activity. As result of this, tropospheric climate may change significantly within a few decades, either through direct effects by ozone itself or indirectly through its effect on other radiatively active trace species. Further more, ozone may have adverse effects on vegetation over large continental areas due to enhanced levels which have been measured to take place. As it is well known that ozone plays a key role in the oxidation of a large number of chemical species in the troposphere, natural as well as man-made, the atmospheric distribution of important trace species like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons could be markedly changed as a result of ozone changes. The rapidly increasing interest in tropospheric ozone, and the key role ozone plays in several atmospheric areas as well the obvious increase in the tropospheric concentration of ozone made ozone a natural choice as a topic for the workshop.

Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES)

Franz-Josef Lübken
Climate and Weather of the Sun Earth System CAWSES Book PDF

Author : Franz-Josef Lübken
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 642 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2012-08-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400743489

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Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES) by Franz-Josef Lübken Pdf

CAWSES (Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System) is the most important scientific program of SCOSTEP (Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics). CAWSES has triggered a scientific priority program within the German Research Foundation for a period of 6 years. Approximately 30 scientific institutes and 120 scientists were involved in Germany with strong links to international partners. The priority program focuses on solar influence on climate, atmospheric coupling processes, and space climatology. This book summarizes the most important results from this program covering some important research topics from the Sun to climate. Solar related processes are studied including the evolution of solar radiation with relevance to climate. Results regarding the influence of the Sun on the terrestrial atmosphere from the troposphere to the thermosphere are presented including stratospheric ozone, mesospheric ice clouds, geomagnetic effects, and their relevance to climate. Several chapters highlight the importance of coupling mechanisms within the atmosphere, covering transport mechanisms of photochemically active species, dynamical processes such as gravity waves, tides, and planetary waves, and feedback mechanisms between the thermal and dynamical structure of the atmosphere. Special attention is paid to climate signals in the middle and upper atmosphere and their significance relative to natural variability.

Satellite Meteorology

Stanley Q. Kidder,Thomas H. Vonder Haar
Satellite Meteorology Book PDF

Author : Stanley Q. Kidder,Thomas H. Vonder Haar
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1995-09-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080572000

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Satellite Meteorology by Stanley Q. Kidder,Thomas H. Vonder Haar Pdf

At last, a book that has what every atmospheric science and meteorology student should know about satellite meteorology: the orbits of satellites, the instruments they carry, the radiation they detect, and, most importantly, the fundamental atmospheric data that can be retrieved from their observations. Key Features * Of special interest are sections on: * Remote sensing of atmospheric temperature, trace gases, winds, cloud and aerosol data, precipitation, and radiation budget * Satellite image interpretation * Satellite orbits and navigation * Radiative transfer fundamentals

Twenty Years of Ozone Decline

Christos Zerefos,G. Contopoulos,Gregory Skalkeas
Twenty Years of Ozone Decline Book PDF

Author : Christos Zerefos,G. Contopoulos,Gregory Skalkeas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2009-05-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789048124695

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Twenty Years of Ozone Decline by Christos Zerefos,G. Contopoulos,Gregory Skalkeas Pdf

Homer speaks of lightning bolts after which ‘a grim reek of sulphur bursts forth’ and the air was ‘?lled with reeking brimstone’. (Homer 3000 BC). The odour was not actually the smell of sulphur dioxide associated with burning sulphur, but rather was the ?rst recorded detection of the presence of another strong odour, that of ozone (O ) in Earth’s atmosphere. These molecules were formed by the passage of 3 lightning through the air, created by splitting the abundant molecular oxygen (O ) 2 molecules into two, followed by the addition of each of the free O atoms to another O to form the triatomic product. In fact, most of the ozone molecules present 2 in the atmosphere at any time have been made by this same two-step splitti- plus-combination process, although the initiating cause usually begins with very energetic solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation rather than lightning. Many thousands of years later, the modern history of ozone began with its synthesis in the laboratory of H. F. Schonbein in 1840 (Nolte 1999), although the positive con?rmation of its three-oxygen atom chemical formula came along sometime later. Scienti?c interest in high-altitude stratospheric ozone dates back to 1881 when Hartley measured the spectrum of ozone in the laboratory and found that its ability to absorb UV light extended only to 293nm at the long wavelength end (Hartley 1881a).

Climate Variability and Sunspot Activity

Indrani Roy
Climate Variability and Sunspot Activity Book PDF

Author : Indrani Roy
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2018-12-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 3030083721

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Climate Variability and Sunspot Activity by Indrani Roy Pdf

This book promotes a better understanding of the role of the sun on natural climate variability. It is a comprehensive reference book that appeals to an academic audience at the graduate, post-graduate and PhD level and can be used for lectures in climatology, environmental studies and geography. This work is the collection of lecture notes as well as synthesized analyses of published papers on the described subjects. It comprises 18 chapters and is divided into three parts: Part I discusses general circulation, climate variability, stratosphere-troposphere coupling and various teleconnections. Part II mainly explores the area of different solar influences on climate. It also discusses various oceanic features and describes ocean-atmosphere coupling. But, without prior knowledge of other important influences on the earth’s climate, the understanding of the actual role of the sun remains incomplete. Hence, Part III covers burning issues such as greenhouse gas warming, volcanic influences, ozone depletion in the stratosphere, Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, etc. At the end of the book, there are few questions and exercises for students. This book is based on the lecture series that was delivered at the University of Oulu, Finland as part of M.Sc./ PhD module.