Stress Field Control Of Eruption Dynamics

Author : Roberto Sulpizio,Antonio Costa,Geoffrey Wadge
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 133 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2017-10-10
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889452774

Get Book

Stress Field Control of Eruption Dynamics by Roberto Sulpizio,Antonio Costa,Geoffrey Wadge Pdf

Increasing evidence supports the claim that stress changes play a fundamental role in triggering volcanic eruptions. Stress changes may vary in origin to include earthquakes, erosion and landslide processes, deglaciation, or tidal effects. The local stress can also change as response of magma influx from deeper reservoirs and an increase of the magma/gas pressure. The stress transfer may be of great importance in reawakening a dormant system. As an example, significant statistical correlation of large earthquakes and eruptions in time and space was suggested in many works. The interaction may be two-fold; where magma intrusions may change the stress at active faults and trigger earthquakes, while tectonic earthquakes may affect the magmatic system and change the eruption activity. The change in local tectonic stress has been claimed as trigger of large ignimbrite eruptions or for controlling the eruptive style of explosive eruptions. Sometimes volcano systems that are nested or closely located may become active in chorus; neighbouring volcanoes may interact in the sense that one volcano triggers its neighbouring volcano. However, although there is ample evidence of concurrence, the processes of interacting volcanoes and near- to far-field tectonic stress are not well understood. Some studies suggest that volcanic eruptions are triggered if compressive stress acts at the magma system and “squeezes” out magma. Other studies suggest that extensional stress fields facilitate magma rise and thus encourage eruptions, or that fluctuating compression and extension during the passing of seismic waves trigger eruptions. This research topic tries to address some of the important open questions in interaction between stress field and volcanic eruption, though both review papers and new contributions.

Author : A.J.L. Harris,T. De Groeve,F. Garel,S.A. Carn
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 680 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2016-06-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781862397361

Get Book

Detecting, Modelling and Responding to Effusive Eruptions by A.J.L. Harris,T. De Groeve,F. Garel,S.A. Carn Pdf

For effusive volcanoes in resource-poor regions, there is a pressing need for a crisis response-chain bridging the global scientific community to allow provision of standard products for timely humanitarian response. As a first step in attaining this need, this Special Publication provides a complete directory of current operational capabilities for monitoring effusive eruptions. This volume also reviews the state-of-the-art in terms of satellite-based volcano hot-spot tracking and lava-flow simulation. These capabilities are demonstrated using case studies taken from well-known effusive events that have occurred worldwide over the last two decades at volcanoes such as Piton de la Fournaise, Etna, Stromboli and Kilauea. We also provide case-type response models implemented at the same volcanoes, as well as the results of a community-wide drill used to test a fully-integrated response focused on an operational hazard-GIS. Finally, the objectives and recommendations of the ‘Risk Evaluation, Detection and Simulation during Effusive Eruption Disasters’ working group are laid out in a statement of community needs by its members.

Author : Athanas Simon Macheyeki,Dalaly Peter Kafumu
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2024-03-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780323956437

Get Book

The East African Rift System by Athanas Simon Macheyeki,Dalaly Peter Kafumu Pdf

The East African Rift System: Geodynamics and Natural Resource Potentials provides state-of-the-art knowledge and skills on how to explore, model, and extract the resources, using the East African Rift System (EARS) as a model. Each aspect to be discussed in the East African Rift System shall have its equivalent case study and readers interested in each rift of the world will find something connected or linked to his/her rift system of interest, be it a sub-chapter on earthquakes, geothermal energy models, etc. The East African Rift System: Geodynamics and Natural Resource Potentials also describes rifting models of all other known rifts (especially continental rifts) of the world such as the Basin and Range Province, Rio Grande (USA); Rhine Graben (France and Germany); the Tibetan Rohai (Tibet); the Shaanxi Bohai (China); Lake Baikal (Russia); North Island (Australia); and the Aegean Sea Rift (Turkey). Key aspects to be presented shall be: rift type, rift age, rift physical dimensions, geothermal gradient models, natural resources, and models of exploration. Connects the science of rift systems to their economic potentials using the East African Rift System as the prime example Includes discussions and case studies from rift systems around the world Features chapters dedicated to natural resources, such as mineral deposit types (Au, He, REE, U) and the basic principles of their exploration?

Author : Taeko Jane Takahashi,Claire M. Landowski
Publisher : Government Printing Office
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Nature
ISBN : 1411338723

Get Book

Characteristics of Hawaiian Volcanoes by Taeko Jane Takahashi,Claire M. Landowski Pdf

Characteristics of Hawaiian Volcanoes establishes a benchmark for the currrent understanding of volcanism in Hawaii, and the articles herein build upon the elegant and pioneering work of Dutton, Jagger, Steams, and many other USGS and academic scientists. Each chapter synthesizes the lessons learned about a specific aspect of volcanism in Hawaii, based largely o continuous observation of eruptive activity and on systematic research into volcanic and earthquake processes during HVO's first 100 years. NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNTS FOR ALREADY REDUCED SALE ITEMS.

Author : Agust Gudmundsson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 601 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2020-04-30
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781107024953

Get Book

Volcanotectonics by Agust Gudmundsson Pdf

Explains and illustrates volcanic structures, products and processes, with worked examples and exercises, for students and professionals.

Author : Christoph Kern,Santiago Arellano,Silvana Hidalgo,Ryunosuke Kazahaya
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2023-12-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832541036

Get Book

Remote sensing of volcanic gas emissions from the ground, air, and space by Christoph Kern,Santiago Arellano,Silvana Hidalgo,Ryunosuke Kazahaya Pdf

Author : Yasushi Yamaguchi,Michael J. Abrams
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2020-04-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783039286843

Get Book

ASTER 20th Anniversary by Yasushi Yamaguchi,Michael J. Abrams Pdf

The Advanced Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is a research facility instrument on NASA’s Terra spacecraft. We celebrated the 20th anniversary of ASTER’s launch in December 1999. ASTER has been providing high spatial resolution multispectral data in the VNIR, SWIR, and TIR regions, and along-track stereo data. Starting April 2016, ASTER data have been distributed to the public at no cost. Another important and the most popular data set is the ASTER Global DEM, which covers almost the entire land surface at a 30 m grid size. ASTER data have been widely used in a variety of application areas such as land surface mapping and change detection, volcano and other natural hazard monitoring, mineral exploration, and urban heat island monitoring. This Special Issue consists of 12 papers (2 reviews, 9 articles, and 1 technical note) and covers topics including development of new techniques to process ASTER data, calibration activities to ensure long-term consistency of ASTER data, validation of the ASTER data products, and scientific achievements using ASTER data.

Author : D.M. Pyle,T.A. Mather,J. Biggs
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2014-01-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781862393622

Get Book

Remote Sensing of Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes by D.M. Pyle,T.A. Mather,J. Biggs Pdf

This volume focuses on how advances in both remote sensing and modelling can be brought together to improve our understanding of the behaviour of active volcanoes. It includes review papers, papers reporting technical advances and case studies showing how the integration of remote-sensing observations with models can be put to good use.

Author : Joan Marti,Gerald G. J. Ernst
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 489 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2008-01-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139445108

Get Book

Volcanoes and the Environment by Joan Marti,Gerald G. J. Ernst Pdf

Volcanoes and the Environment is a comprehensive and accessible text incorporating contributions from some of the world's authorities in volcanology. This book is an indispensable guide for those interested in how volcanism affects our planet's environment. It spans a wide variety of topics from geology to climatology and ecology; it also considers the economic and social impacts of volcanic activity on humans. Topics covered include how volcanoes shape the environment, their effect on the geological cycle, atmosphere and climate, impacts on health of living on active volcanoes, volcanism and early life, effects of eruptions on plant and animal life, large eruptions and mass extinctions, and the impact of volcanic disasters on the economy. This book is intended for students and researchers interested in environmental change from the fields of earth and environmental science, geography, ecology and social science. It will also interest policy makers and professionals working on natural hazards.

Author : Haraldur Sigurdsson,Bruce Houghton,Steve McNutt,Hazel Rymer,John Stix
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1447 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2015-03-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780123859396

Get Book

The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes by Haraldur Sigurdsson,Bruce Houghton,Steve McNutt,Hazel Rymer,John Stix Pdf

Volcanoes are unquestionably one of the most spectacular and awe-inspiring features of the physical world. Our paradoxical fascination with them stems from their majestic beauty and powerful, sometimes deadly, destructiveness. Notwithstanding the tremendous advances in volcanology since ancient times, some of the mystery surrounding volcanic eruptions remains today. The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes summarizes our present knowledge of volcanoes; it provides a comprehensive source of information on the causes of volcanic eruptions and both the destructive and beneficial effects. The early chapters focus on the science of volcanism (melting of source rocks, ascent of magma, eruption processes, extraterrestrial volcanism, etc.). Later chapters discuss human interface with volcanoes, including the history of volcanology, geothermal energy resources, interaction with the oceans and atmosphere, health aspects of volcanism, mitigation of volcanic disasters, post-eruption ecology, and the impact of eruptions on organismal biodiversity. Provides the only comprehensive reference work to cover all aspects of volcanology Written by nearly 100 world experts in volcanology Explores an integrated transition from the physical process of eruptions through hazards and risk, to the social face of volcanism, with an emphasis on how volcanoes have influenced and shaped society Presents hundreds of color photographs, maps, charts and illustrations making this an aesthetically appealing reference Glossary of 3,000 key terms with definitions of all key vocabulary items in the field is included

Author : Zhao-Yin Wang,Joseph H.W. Lee,Charles S. Melching
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 855 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2014-09-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642256523

Get Book

River Dynamics and Integrated River Management by Zhao-Yin Wang,Joseph H.W. Lee,Charles S. Melching Pdf

"River Dynamics and Integrated River Management” provides comprehensive information on rivers for integrated management, including natural processes, stresses resulting from human activities, and restoration of various parts of the river basin, including the watershed, mountain streams, alluvial rivers, estuaries, and natural and man-made lakes. Essential concepts, traditional and modern, such as river patterns, step-pool systems, vegetation-erosion charts, habitat diversity, and flushing times of bays, are clearly defined physically and explained with figures and pictures. Detailed mathematics and rigorous analyses are avoided so as to facilitate a holistic view of the subject of integrated river management. Researchers can easily familiarize themselves with the science of river management in its widest sense with the impressive pictures and examples in this book. Dr. Zhaoyin Wang is a professor at the Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China. Dr. Joseph H.W. Lee is a Chair Professor at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, China. Dr. Charles S. Melching is a Professor at the College of Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Author : G. Wadge,R.E.A. Robertson,B. Voight
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 499 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2014-09-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781862396302

Get Book

The Eruption of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat from 2000 to 2010 by G. Wadge,R.E.A. Robertson,B. Voight Pdf

The 1995 to present eruption of Soufrière Hills Volcano on Montserrat is one of the most important and best-studied eruptions of an explosive andesitic volcano. This volume presents scientific findings from the period between 2000 and 2010; it follows on from Memoir 21, which focused on the early years of activity between 1995 and 1999. In addition to descriptions and analysis of the growth, collapse and explosions associated with lava domes, there are papers on the deformation of the volcano caused by the deep magma, the petrology and geochemistry of the lavas and associated gases. Of particular note are: an overview of the insights into the deep structure of the volcano that resulted from a major international seismic tomography experiment; and an analysis of the quantitative risk assessment process that has run now for most of the eruption, the longest such continuous assessment in the world.

Author : Jinxing Dai
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 582 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2016-05-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128052617

Get Book

Giant Coal-Derived Gas Fields and Their Gas Sources in China by Jinxing Dai Pdf

Giant Coal-Derived Gas Fields and Their Gas Sources in China presents a thorough look at 32 coal-derived gas fields in China. This reference book includes two main parts, the first discussing the geologic characteristics of the tectonic, stratigraphy, source and cap rock assemblage for the accumulation periods. The second part features multiple differential indexes, charts, phase states (gas, liquid, solid), and the methods used to determine the sources of the coal-derived giant gas fields. As the first comprehensive coverage of the methods of gas to source correlation in China, this book will be a classic reference for researchers working in natural gas geology and geochemistry, and teachers working in universities around the world. Provides geochemical data of the coal-derived giant gas fields, guaranteeing the reliability of the research Integrates various indexes, charts, phase states (gas, liquid, solid), and methods to determine the sources of the coal-derived giant gas fields Provides numerous data and case studies of gas fields from coal source rock, giving readers a unique reference for the petroleum geochemistry and geology market

Author : Pshenichny, Cyril,Diviacco, Paolo,Mouromtsev, Dmitry
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2018-03-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781522552628

Get Book

Dynamic Knowledge Representation in Scientific Domains by Pshenichny, Cyril,Diviacco, Paolo,Mouromtsev, Dmitry Pdf

The main approach to understanding and creating knowledge engineering concepts is static knowledge. Currently, there is a need to approach knowledge through a dynamic lens and address changing relations on an elaborated syntactic and semantic basis. Dynamic Knowledge Representation in Scientific Domains provides emerging research on the internal and external changes in knowledge within various subject areas and their visual representations. While highlighting topics such as behavior diagrams, distribution analysis, and qualitative modeling, this publication explores the structural development and assessment of knowledge models. This book is an important resource for academicians, researchers, students, and practitioners seeking current research on information visualization in order to foster research and collaboration.

Author : Nick Varley,Charles B. Connor,Jean-Christophe Komorowski
Publisher : Springer
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2019-02-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642259111

Get Book

Volcán de Colima by Nick Varley,Charles B. Connor,Jean-Christophe Komorowski Pdf

This book represents a comprehensive coverage of the current state of knowledge of Volcán de Colima: its history, its eruptive mechanism, the generation and interpretation of monitoring data, and the risk presented to the local population. The volume pulls together the results of the most important studies of recent years from many areas of volcanology: the geology of its eruptive products; geophysical and geochemical studies of the signals measured that relate to the generation and movement of magma; experimental analysis of its internal processes and the social complexities relating to the risk imposed by future eruptions. Volcán de Colima is an important volcano: it has frequent large Plinian or sub-Plinian eruptions; its activity frequently switches between various regimes, which provides the opportunity to study these transitions from their cause to their impact; and it is a volcano which poses a significant threat to a large population.