Structural Reforms

Author : Jakob de Haan,Jante Parlevliet
Publisher : Springer
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2018-03-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319744001

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Structural Reforms by Jakob de Haan,Jante Parlevliet Pdf

This book presents a selection of contributions on the timely topic of structural reforms in Western economies, written by experts from central banks, the International Monetary Fund, and leading universities. It includes latest research on the impacts of structural reforms on the market economy, especially on the labor market, and investigates the results of collective bargaining in theory and practice. The book also comprises case studies of structural reforms. A literature survey on the topic serves as a valuable source for further research. The book is written by and targeted at both academics and policy makers.

Author : Jorge M. Katz,United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
Publisher : United Nations Publications
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822029884582

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Structural Reforms, Productivity and Technological Change in Latin America by Jorge M. Katz,United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Pdf

In the last ten to fifteen years, profound structural reforms have moved Latin America and the Caribbean from closed, state-dominated economies to ones that are more market-oriented and open. Policymakers expected that these changes would speed up growth. This book is part of a multi-year project to determine whether these expectation have been fulfilled. Focusing on technological change, the impact of the reforms on the process of innovation is examined. It notes that the development process is proving to be highly heterogenous across industries, regions and firms and can be described as strongly inequitable. This differentiation that has emerged has implications for job creation, trade balance, and the role of small and medium sized firms. This ultimately suggests, amongst other things, the need for policies to better spread the use of new technologies.

Author : Harry de Boer,Jon File,Jeroen Huisman,Marco Seeber,Martina Vukasovic,Don F Westerheijden
Publisher : Springer
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2016-11-09
Category : Education
ISBN : 9783319422374

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Policy Analysis of Structural Reforms in Higher Education by Harry de Boer,Jon File,Jeroen Huisman,Marco Seeber,Martina Vukasovic,Don F Westerheijden Pdf

This book addresses the complex phenomenon in higher education of structural reforms in higher education systems. Across the globe, governments initiate comprehensive reforms of their higher education systems because they want their models to be the best and to excel at what they do. This regularly requires governments to change the higher education landscape to achieve their set objectives. Changes can include merger processes, the introduction of a new sector of higher education or a new type of higher education institution or excellence initiative. This book explores the current understanding of how successful such comprehensive reforms have been through an examination of eleven reform cases in European countries. For each reform, the different phases of the policy process – policy objectives, design, implementation, policy tools and evaluation – are systematically described and analysed to provide an overview of the factors that contribute to the success or failure of the reforms.

Author : McMillan, Margaret ,Rodrik, Dani,Sepúlveda, Claudia
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780896292147

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Structural change, fundamentals, and growth : a framework and case studies by McMillan, Margaret ,Rodrik, Dani,Sepúlveda, Claudia Pdf

Author : MissAnna Rose Bordon,Mr.Christian Ebeke,Ms.Kazuko Shirono
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513589923

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When Do Structural Reforms Work? On the Role of the Business Cycle and Macroeconomic Policies by MissAnna Rose Bordon,Mr.Christian Ebeke,Ms.Kazuko Shirono Pdf

Structural reforms are expected to lift growth and employment, but their effects are surprisingly difficult to pin down empirically. One reason is their potential endogeneity to the economic environment in which they are conducted. For example, the impact of a reform implemented shortly before a cyclical upswing is difficult to distinguish from the recovery itself. Similarly, macroeconomic policies conducted along a structural reform could affect the estimated impact. Exploring various options, this paper develops robust estimates of the impact of labor and product market reforms by using local projection techniques while controlling for endogeneity of reforms and other biases. The results suggest that labor and product market reforms have a lagged but positive impact on employment creation, and the positive effect remains even after controlling for the endogeneity of the decision to reform. Supportive macroeconomic policies are found to increase the effect of labor and product market reforms, consistent with the view that some structural reforms are best initiated in conjunction with supportive fiscal or monetary policy.

Author : Kevin Greenidge,Mr.Meredith A. McIntyre,Hanlei Yun
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2016-04-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475526547

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Structural Reform and Growth by Kevin Greenidge,Mr.Meredith A. McIntyre,Hanlei Yun Pdf

Since the 1980’s with the introduction of IMF/WB adjustment programs structural reforms have been a core part of the reform agenda in the Caribbean. The paper reviewed the package of structural reforms in trade liberalization, financial liberalization and tax policy, and gauges their impact on growth. The paper used a set of reform indices to gauge both short-run and long-run effects of structural reforms on growth, controlling for other possible growth determinants using panel dynamic OLS estimation. In addition, recognizing the importance of institutions to growth the empirical analysis also analyzed the impact of institutional quality on growth for a sample of small states including the Caribbean. We concluded that the benefits of structural reforms are only seen over the long-term and in reinvigorating growth the reform effort needs to be revived and include greater attention to strengthening institutional quality.

Author : Tito Boeri,Micael Castanheira,Riccardo Faini,Vincenzo Galasso
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2006-06-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780191525315

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Structural Reforms Without Prejudices by Tito Boeri,Micael Castanheira,Riccardo Faini,Vincenzo Galasso Pdf

Our economies face constant challenges from many different directions. Structural reforms are implemented every day, either to grasp the benefits of globalization and technological change, or to avoid foundering on unaffordable welfare systems or the rise of new economies. Despite this flurry of reforms, many of their effects are insufficiently understood. What makes reforms a success or a failure? Why do we witness systematically ambivalent attitudes to reforms? Can governments implement reforms differently, without inflicting prejudice to large fringes of the population? This book explores these issues by comparing a number of reforms, across a large set of countries and sectors. First, through an innovative multisectorial input-output analysis, the authors compare the effects of liberalisation reforms in the telecommunication and electricity sectors across Europe. Surprisingly, they find that very similar and well-intended reforms can generate highly contrasted outcomes. It is also shown that governments must consider the effects of each reform on all sectors of the economy. Second, the authors explore how governments can tailor their reform strategy to alter the redistributive effects of reforms. They show that the government's approach to reforms has been very different across time and across countries. A government's approach depends on local institutions, on the nature of the opposition, and on the scope of the reform under way. The authors, however, show that governments do have alternatives. Often, there are ways to tailor reforms so as to protect specific parts of the population; and there are ways to experiment gradually, to avoid costly policy mistakes.

Author : Mr.Jonathan David Ostry,Mr.Alessandro Prati,Mr.Antonio Spilimbergo
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2009-10-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781589068186

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Structural Reforms and Economic Performance in Advanced and Developing Countries by Mr.Jonathan David Ostry,Mr.Alessandro Prati,Mr.Antonio Spilimbergo Pdf

This volume examines the impact on economic performance of structural policies-policies that increase the role of market forces and competition in the economy, while maintaining appropriate regulatory frameworks. The results reflect a new dataset covering reforms of domestic product markets, international trade, the domestic financial sector, and the external capital account, in 91 developed and developing countries. Among the key results of this study, the authors find that real and financial reforms (and, in particular, domestic financial liberalization, trade liberalization, and agricultural liberalization) boost income growth. However, growth effects differ significantly across alternative reform sequencing strategies: a trade-before-capital-account strategy achieves better outcomes than the reverse, or even than a "big bang"; also, liberalizing the domestic financial sector together with the external capital account is growth-enhancing, provided the economy is relatively open to international trade. Finally, relatively liberalized domestic financial sectors enhance the economy's resilience, reducing output costs from adverse terms-of-trade and interest-rate shocks; increased credit availability is one of the key mechanisms.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2010-05-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264086296

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Making Reform Happen Lessons from OECD Countries by OECD Pdf

This collection of essays analyses the reform experiences of the 30 OECD countries in nine major policy domains in order to identify lessons, pitfalls and strategies that may help foster policy reform in the future.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Mittal Publications
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : India
ISBN : 8170995809

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Structural Reforms in Indian Economy by Anonim Pdf

Contributed seminar papers presented at the National Seminar on "The State of Indian Economy: Implication of Present Structured Reforms" held on 8th Aug. 1992, in the Dept. of Commerce, Gauhati University.

Author : Mr.Tom Krebs,Mr.Martin Scheffel
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 59 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484340059

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Structural Reform in Germany by Mr.Tom Krebs,Mr.Martin Scheffel Pdf

This paper provides a quantitative evaluation of the macroeconomic, distributional, and fiscal effects of three reform proposals for Germany: i) a reduction in the social security tax in the low-wage sector, ii) a publicly financed expansion of full-day child care and full-day schooling, and iii) the further deregulation of the professional services sector. The analysis is based on a macroeconomic model with physical capital, human capital, job search, and household heterogeneity. All three reforms have positive short-run and long-run effects on employment, wages, and output. The quantitative effects of the deregulation reform are relatively small due to the smal size of professional services in Germany. Policy reforms i) and ii) have substantial macroeconomic effects and positive distributional consequences. Ten years after implementation, reforms i) and ii) taken together increase employment by 1.6 percent, potential output by 1.5 percent, real hourly pre-tax wages in the low-wage sector by 3 percent, and real hourly pre-tax wages of women with children by 2.7 percent. The two reforms create fiscal deficits in the short run, but they also generate substantial fiscal surpluses in the long-run. They are fiscally efficient in the sense that the present value of short-term fiscal deficits and long-term surpluses is positive for any interest (discount) rate less than 9 percent.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2021-04-14
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264911376

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Economic Policy Reforms 2021 Going for Growth: Shaping a Vibrant Recovery by OECD Pdf

Going for Growth 2021 identifies country-specific structural policy priorities for the recovery across OECD and key non-member countries (Argentina, Brazil, The People’s Republic of China, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia and South Africa). It frames the main policy challenges of the current juncture along three main areas: building resilience; facilitating reallocation and boosting productivity growth for all; and supporting people in transition.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2016-02-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264250086

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Economic Policy Reforms 2016 Going for Growth Interim Report by OECD Pdf

Going for Growth is the OECD’s regular report on structural reforms in policy areas that have been identified as priorities to boost incomes in OECD and selected non-OECD countries (Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Latvia, Russian Federation and South Africa).

Author : Luiza Antoun de Almeida,Vybhavi Balasundharam
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 35 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2018-04-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484350393

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On the Impact of Structural Reforms on Output and Employment by Luiza Antoun de Almeida,Vybhavi Balasundharam Pdf

This paper analyzes the effects of selected structural reforms on output and employment in the short and medium term. It uses a comprehensive cross-country firm-level dataset covering both advanced and emerging market economies over the period 2003-2014. In line with previous studies, it finds that structural reforms have in general a positive impact on output and employment in the medium term. Furthermore, the paper also assesses whether the impact of structural reforms varies with firm-specific characteristics, such as size, leverage, profitability, and sector. We find evidence that firm characteristics do influence the effectiveness of structural reforms. These findings have relevant policy implications as they help policymakers tailor the design of structural reforms to maximize their payoffs, taking into account their heterogeneous impact on firms.

Author : Paolo Manasse,Dimitris Katsikas
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2017-12-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351987349

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Economic Crisis and Structural Reforms in Southern Europe by Paolo Manasse,Dimitris Katsikas Pdf

In recent years the countries of southern Europe have undergone, with varying intensity, a serious and prolonged economic crisis. Most have had to implement comprehensive economic adjustment programmes, including a wide range of structural reforms. Economic Crisis and Structural Reforms in Southern Europe examines these reforms, drawing policy lessons from their successes and failures. This book employs two basic strands of analysis: issues of policy design, and political economy considerations. It considers the choice of timing and sequencing of reforms, the choice of the appropriate policy instruments, the pressure of interest groups and the political calculations involved in reforms. Featuring chapters in which contributors explore both national cases of specific structural reforms, and a comparative approach in order to evaluate similar reforms across countries, this important and topical work explores ongoing issues within the economy. Focusing on the challenges of designing and implementing structural reforms under conditions of crisis, this book will be of interest to policy makers and researchers from national and international organizations as well as academics and members of research institutes interested in the economics and politics of the Eurozone crisis.