Structural Research Strukturforschung

Author : Dr. André Guinier,Dr. Gérard Von Eller,Dr. J. Bouman,Dr. Gérard Fournet,Professor Dr. W. W. Beeman,Professor Dr. P. Kaesberg,Dr. J. W. Anderegg,Dr. M. B. Webb,Professor Dr. H. Raether,Dr. G. R. Ringo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 670 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642458668

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Structural Research / Strukturforschung by Dr. André Guinier,Dr. Gérard Von Eller,Dr. J. Bouman,Dr. Gérard Fournet,Professor Dr. W. W. Beeman,Professor Dr. P. Kaesberg,Dr. J. W. Anderegg,Dr. M. B. Webb,Professor Dr. H. Raether,Dr. G. R. Ringo Pdf

107 In this way the absolute values of the structure factors may be found, not the phases (6. 8). The problem to find these phases is the phase problem. The present article will treat the following topics. At first the description of the ideal crystal will be given in Chap. B. The underlying principles of this description are the concepts of reciprocal lattice, FOURIER synthesis and sym metry. The evaluation of the intensity will then follow in Chap. C and D. Chap. E is concerned with the phase problem and related topics. Though this article treats the analysis of crystal structures, the fundamental concepts for other structures will here be found too. But these topics, and the experimental methods, will l find their place elsewhere . B. Description of the crystalline state. I. Lattice theory. a) The direct lattice. 8. Introduction. In Sect. 3, a description of the ideal crystal was given: The space, occupied by a crystal, is divided into congruent parallelepipeds, each with the same orientation. This parallelepiped is defined by the three basic vectors, a, band c, drawn from an origin 0 (Fig. 2), and is called the primitive cell. This cell is filled with atoms (or ions), and the same configuration of atoms is repeated in space. It has been aptly called a three-dimensional wallpaper, as on a wallpaper the same pattern is repeated again and again.

Author : Andre Guinier,Gérard Von Eller,J. Bouman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 672 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2014-09-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 364245867X

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Structural Research / Strukturforschung by Andre Guinier,Gérard Von Eller,J. Bouman Pdf

Author : Dr. André Guinier,Dr. Gérard Von Eller,Dr. J. Bouman,Dr. Gérard Fournet,Professor Dr. W. W. Beeman,Professor Dr. P. Kaesberg,Dr. J. W. Anderegg,Dr. M. B. Webb,Professor Dr. H. Raether,Dr. G. R. Ringo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 663 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1957-01-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540021698

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Structural Research / Strukturforschung by Dr. André Guinier,Dr. Gérard Von Eller,Dr. J. Bouman,Dr. Gérard Fournet,Professor Dr. W. W. Beeman,Professor Dr. P. Kaesberg,Dr. J. W. Anderegg,Dr. M. B. Webb,Professor Dr. H. Raether,Dr. G. R. Ringo Pdf

107 In this way the absolute values of the structure factors may be found, not the phases (6. 8). The problem to find these phases is the phase problem. The present article will treat the following topics. At first the description of the ideal crystal will be given in Chap. B. The underlying principles of this description are the concepts of reciprocal lattice, FOURIER synthesis and sym metry. The evaluation of the intensity will then follow in Chap. C and D. Chap. E is concerned with the phase problem and related topics. Though this article treats the analysis of crystal structures, the fundamental concepts for other structures will here be found too. But these topics, and the experimental methods, will l find their place elsewhere . B. Description of the crystalline state. I. Lattice theory. a) The direct lattice. 8. Introduction. In Sect. 3, a description of the ideal crystal was given: The space, occupied by a crystal, is divided into congruent parallelepipeds, each with the same orientation. This parallelepiped is defined by the three basic vectors, a, band c, drawn from an origin 0 (Fig. 2), and is called the primitive cell. This cell is filled with atoms (or ions), and the same configuration of atoms is repeated in space. It has been aptly called a three-dimensional wallpaper, as on a wallpaper the same pattern is repeated again and again.

Author : W. Hoppe,R. Mason
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483158419

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Advances in Structure Research by Diffraction Methods by W. Hoppe,R. Mason Pdf

Advances in Structure Research by Diffraction Methods: Volume 5 presents discussions on application of diffraction methods in structure research. The book provides the aspects of structure research using various diffraction methods. The text contains 2 chapters. Chapter 1 reviews the general theory and experimental methods used in the study of all types of amorphous solid, by both X-ray and neutron diffraction, and the detailed bibliography of work on inorganic glasses. The second chapter discusses electron diffraction, one of the major methods of determining the structures of molecules in the gas phase. Chemists and molecular physicists will find the book a great source of information.

Author : R. Brill,R. Mason
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483152288

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Advances in Structure Research by Diffraction Methods by R. Brill,R. Mason Pdf

Advances in Structure Research by Diffraction Methods reviews advances in the use of diffraction methods in structure research. Topics covered include the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction, with emphasis on Ewald waves in theory and experiment; dynamical theory of electron diffraction; small angle scattering; and molecular packing. This book is comprised of four chapters and begins with an overview of the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction, especially in terms of how it explains all the absorption and propagation properties of X-rays at the Bragg setting in a perfect crystal. The next chapter describes the dynamical theory of electron diffraction, paying particular attention to unconventional structure analysis in connection with the problems of absorption. The most important features of the background of small angle analysis are then examined, and some examples showing the direct analysis of small angle scattering (sometimes in combination with wide angle scattering) are provided. The last chapter deals with crystals built from molecules and their peculiar geometrical features. The principle of close packing of molecules in an organic crystal is also described, along with lattice dynamics, hydrogen bonds in crystals, and the rotational crystalline state. This monograph will be a useful resource for practitioners and researchers in physics and crystallography.

Author : Whitney Davis
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2022-06-14
Category : Art
ISBN : 9780691245904

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Visuality and Virtuality by Whitney Davis Pdf

A provocative and challenging new conceptual framework for the study of images This book builds on the groundbreaking theoretical framework established in Whitney Davis’s acclaimed previous book, A General Theory of Visual Culture, in which he shows how certain culturally constituted aspects of artifacts and pictures are visible to informed viewers. Here, Davis uses revealing archaeological and historical case studies to further develop his theory, presenting an exacting new account of the interaction that occurs when a viewer looks at a picture. Davis argues that pictoriality—the depiction intended by its maker to be seen—emerges at a particular standpoint in space and time. Reconstruction of this standpoint is the first step of the art historian’s craft. Because standpoints are inherently mutable and mobile, pictoriality constantly shifts in form and possible meaning. To capture this complexity, Davis develops new concepts of radical pictorial ambiguity, including “bivisibility” (the fact that pictures can always be seen in ways other than intended), pictorial naturalism, and the behavior of pictures under changing angles of view. He then applies these concepts to four cases—Paleolithic cave painting; ancient Egyptian tomb decoration; classical Greek architectural sculpture, with a focus on the Parthenon frieze; and Renaissance perspective as invented by Brunelleschi. A profound new theory of the work of both makers and viewers by one of the discipline’s most esteemed and engaged thinkers, Visuality and Virtuality is essential reading for art historians, architects, archaeologists, and philosophers of art and visual theory.

Author : Randall Jackson,Peter Schaeffer
Publisher : Springer
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2017-04-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783319505909

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Regional Research Frontiers - Vol. 2 by Randall Jackson,Peter Schaeffer Pdf

This is the second volume in a two-part series on frontiers in regional research. It identifies methodological advances as well as trends and future developments in regional systems modelling and open science. Building on recent methodological and modelling advances, as well as on extensive policy-analysis experience, top international regional scientists identify and evaluate emerging new conceptual and methodological trends and directions in regional research. Topics such as dynamic interindustry modelling, computable general equilibrium models, exploratory spatial data analysis, geographic information science, spatial econometrics and other advanced methods are the central focus of this book. The volume provides insights into the latest developments in object orientation, open source, and workflow systems, all in support of open science. It will appeal to a wide readership, from regional scientists and economists to geographers, quantitatively oriented regional planners and other related disciplines. It offers a source of relevant information for academic researchers and policy analysts in government, and is also suitable for advanced teaching courses on regional and spatial science, economics and political science.

Author : Emily J. Levine
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2013-12-16
Category : Art
ISBN : 9780226061719

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Dreamland of Humanists by Emily J. Levine Pdf

Deemed by Heinrich Heine a city of merchants where poets go to die, Hamburg was an improbable setting for a major intellectual movement. Yet it was there, at the end of World War I, at a new university in this commercial center, that a trio of twentieth-century pioneers in the humanities emerged. Working side by side, Aby Warburg, Ernst Cassirer, and Erwin Panofsky developed new avenues in art history, cultural history, and philosophy, changing the course of cultural and intellectual history in Weimar Germany and throughout the world. In Dreamland of Humanists, Emily J. Levine considers not just these men, but the historical significance of the time and place where their ideas took form. Shedding light on the origins of their work on the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, Levine clarifies the social, political, and economic pressures faced by German-Jewish scholars on the periphery of Germany’s intellectual world. By examining the role that context plays in our analysis of ideas, Levine confirms that great ideas—like great intellectuals—must come from somewhere.

Author : A. C. Wright,Werner Zeil
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Diffraction
ISBN : 3528081155

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Advances in structure research by diffraction methods. Fortschritte der Strukturforschung mit Beugungsmethoden. Vol. 5 by A. C. Wright,Werner Zeil Pdf

Author : Lauri Honko
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 669 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2011-12-07
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9783110814507

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Science of Religion. Studies in Methodology by Lauri Honko Pdf

Sinceits founding by Jacques Waardenburg in 1971, Religion and Reason has been a leading forum for contributions on theories, theoretical issues and agendas related to the phenomenon and the study of religion. Topics include (among others) category formation, comparison, ethnophilosophy, hermeneutics, methodology, myth, phenomenology, philosophy of science, scientific atheism, structuralism, and theories of religion. From time to time the series publishes volumes that map the state of the art and the history of the discipline.

Author : Rudolf Brill
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Diffraction
ISBN : UCLA:L0061007928

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Advances in Structure Research by Diffraction Methods by Rudolf Brill Pdf

Author : Peter W. Hawkes,Martin Hÿtch
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 546 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2022-04-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780323989206

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The Beginnings of Electron Microscopy - Part 2 by Peter W. Hawkes,Martin Hÿtch Pdf

The Beginnings of Electron Microscopy - Part 2, Volume 221 in the Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on Recollections from the Early Years: Canada-USA, My Recollection of the Early History of Our Work on Electron Optics and the Electron Microscope, Walter Hoppe (1917–1986), Reminiscences of the Development of Electron Optics and Electron Microscope Instrumentation in Japan, Early Electron Microscopy in The Netherlands, L. L. Marton, 1901-1979, The Invention of the Electron Fresnel Interference Biprism, The Development of the Scanning Electron Microscope, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics series

Author : Whitney Davis
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2022-06-14
Category : Art
ISBN : 9781400836437

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A General Theory of Visual Culture by Whitney Davis Pdf

What is cultural about vision--or visual about culture? In this ambitious book, Whitney Davis provides new answers to these difficult and important questions by presenting an original framework for understanding visual culture. Grounded in the theoretical traditions of art history, A General Theory of Visual Culture argues that, in a fully consolidated visual culture, artifacts and pictures have been made to be seen in a certain way; what Davis calls "visuality" is the visual perspective from which certain culturally constituted aspects of artifacts and pictures are visible to informed viewers. In this book, Davis provides a systematic analysis of visuality and describes how it comes into being as a historical form of vision. Expansive in scope, A General Theory of Visual Culture draws on art history, aesthetics, the psychology of perception, the philosophy of reference, and vision science, as well as visual-cultural studies in history, sociology, and anthropology. It provides penetrating new definitions of form, style, and iconography, and draws important and sometimes surprising conclusions (for example, that vision does not always attain to visual culture, and that visual culture is not always wholly visible). The book uses examples from a variety of cultural traditions, from prehistory to the twentieth century, to support a theory designed to apply to all human traditions of making artifacts and pictures--that is, to visual culture as a worldwide phenomenon.

Author : Universiteit van Amsterdam
Publisher : Brill Archive
Page : 606 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Amsterdam (Netherlands)
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Urban Core and Inner City by Universiteit van Amsterdam Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1964
Category : Associations, institutions, etc
ISBN : UOM:39015022714136

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Directory of East German Officials by Anonim Pdf