Structure And Properties Of Wood Polymer Composites Wpc

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Structure and Properties of Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC)

Author : Alexander Askadskii,Andrey Askadskii,Tatyana Matseevich
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781527530652

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Structure and Properties of Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC) by Alexander Askadskii,Andrey Askadskii,Tatyana Matseevich Pdf

At present, the use of polymer composites filled with wood (WPC) is becoming increasingly popular. In particular, flooring of terraced premises, siding, decorative fences, fence systems, steps, universal profiles, among others are made from WPC. In 1977, the first enterprise for the production of WPC appeared in Sweden. The first experience was not very successful – the demand turned out to be low, and the wear of technological equipment was very high. Therefore, developments in this field were resumed only in the 1990s and continue to this day. This book describes the basic physical and mechanical properties of modern WPC, such as tensile and compression strength, and hardness. Also, the influence of climatic factors on the performance properties of products from WPC is described, while the thermal and rheological properties of WPC materials are considered, which directly affect the consumer characteristics of the products. The book contains theoretical developments related to the prediction of the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers and composites. The Van der Waals volume and the energy of the intermolecular interaction are estimated. This book will be of interest to representatives of the WPC market, designers, and architects, as well as technology engineers, students and post-graduate students of higher educational institutions in the fields of chemistry and physics of composite polymer materials.

Wood-Polymer Composites

Author : K O Niska,M. Sain
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2008-05-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781845694579

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Wood-Polymer Composites by K O Niska,M. Sain Pdf

Wood-polymer composites (WPC) are materials in which wood is impregnated with monomers that are then polymerised in the wood to tailor the material for special applications. The resulting properties of these materials, from lightness and enhanced mechanical properties to greater sustainability, has meant a growing number of applications in such areas as building, construction and automotive engineering. This important book reviews the manufacture of wood-polymer composites, how their properties can be assessed and improved and their range of uses. After an introductory chapter, the book reviews key aspects of manufacture, including raw materials, manufacturing technologies and interactions between wood and synthetic polymers. Building on this foundation, the following group of chapters discusses mechanical and other properties such as durability, creep behaviour and processing performance. The book concludes by looking at orientated wood-polymer composites, wood-polymer composite foams, at ways of assessing performance and at the range of current and future applications. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Wood-polymer composites is a valuable reference for all those using and studying these important materials. Provides a comprehensive survey of major new developments in wood-polymer composites Reviews the key aspects of manufacture, including raw materials and manufacturing technologies Discusses properties such as durability, creep behaviour and processing performance

Wood Polymer Composites

Author : Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa,Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai,Mohit Hemanth Kumar,Suchart Siengchin
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811616068

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Wood Polymer Composites by Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa,Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai,Mohit Hemanth Kumar,Suchart Siengchin Pdf

This book comprehensively covers the different topics of wood polymer composite materials mainly synthesis methods for the composite materials, various characterization techniques to study the superior properties and insights on potential advanced applications. It also discusses the chemistry, fabrication process, properties, applications, recycling and life cycle assessment of wood polymer composites. This is a useful reference source for both engineers and researchers working in composite materials science as well as the students attending materials science, physics, chemistry and engineering courses.

Recent Advances in the Processing of Wood-Plastic Composites

Author : Jin Kuk Kim,Kaushik Pal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2010-12-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642148774

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Recent Advances in the Processing of Wood-Plastic Composites by Jin Kuk Kim,Kaushik Pal Pdf

Wood-plastic composite (WPC) is a non-recyclable composite material lumber or timber made of recycled plastic and wood wastes which has become one of the most dynamic sectors of the plastics industry in this decade. It is used in numerous applications, such as, outdoor deck floors, railings, fences, landscaping timbers, park benches, window and door frames. This book starts with a brief glimpse at the basic structures and properties of WPCs. Aspects such as surface treatment, machinery used and testing types of WPCs are also covered. The following chapters of the book give a view of foam technology, flame retardant properties and colour retardant properties of WPCs. The way morphology affects or controls the physical and mechanical behaviours of the finished materials is discussed. Finally, the authors give an overview of the applications of wood-plastic composites in daily life. The book may serve as a source book for scientists wishing to work in this field.

Improvement of selected properties of Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC) – Silane modification of wood particles

Author : Timo Grüneberg
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2010-11-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783736935617

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Improvement of selected properties of Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC) – Silane modification of wood particles by Timo Grüneberg Pdf

Wood Polymer Composites are a new group of hybrid materials, which combine the advantages of synthetic polymers such as polyolefines and natural polymers such as wood; whereas the synthetic polymer is used as matrix material and the wood as reinforcement material or filler. As matrix material, principally every thermoplastic polymer with a processing temperature below 200°C can be used due to the temperature sensivity of wood. Wood Polymer Composites are processed typically with processing technologies from the plastic industry such as extrusion and injection molding. The present study was conducted to explore the possibility of wood particle modification with different types of silanes. It was the aim to contribute the silanes as compatibilizers or coupling agent and therefore improve the mechanical properties and the resistance against water. Norway spruce (Picea abies) as representative wood species was used in three different particle types. The size distribution for the wood particles ranges from 70-2500 µm. Four commercial available silanes with various functional groups (amino, di-amino, alkyl) were used as modification agents. The concentrations varied between 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 7.5%. As reference system commonly used maleated acid anhydride based coupling agents were used. The pre-treated wood particles were compounded via extrusion with polypropylene and samples were produced via injection and compression molding. The following properties were tested; tensile, bending, and impact strength, water uptake (cold and boiling water test), descent rate, weathering tests and durability test against basidiomycetes. SEM-EDX investigations proved the presence of silane either in the cell wall structure, or on the wood particle surface. Due to the structure and the functionality of the silanes it was expected that the silane treated wood particles are able to improve the mechanical properties. It was shown that the silanes had no significant effect as compatibilizer or coupling agent. The mechanical properties strongly increase with the usage of coupling agent. Both coupling agents were based on maleic acid anhydride grafted on a polymer backbone, whereas Type I reaches an optimum regarding the mechanical properties at 3%, the coupling agent Type II still improves the mechanical properties up to a ratio of 4.5% with no clear optimum. The silane pretreatment influences the improvement not significantly, compare to the improvement caused by the coupling agent. The used wood particles showed mechanical degradation during the compounding process. The biggest degradation was monitored for the wood particles of Lignocel® Type 9. Due to its fine structure it can be assumed that the Arbocel® C100 wood particles consist of only cell wall fragments of the wooden cell wall, which express a better resistance against mechanical destruction during the process. The Wood Polymer Composites showed a lower decay rate compared to solid wood. The moisture content within the Wood Polymer Composite samples ranges at the low optimum level for fungi attack and were not significantly improved by an accelerated wetting before the test. The core remains relatively dry. The main protection seems to come from the encapsulation by the polymer. The weathered Wood Polymer Composite samples showed a strong color change within a relatively short period of exposure. The color changed independently from the silane type or the silane ratio. Also an increase of cracks and gaps on the sample surface was observed compared to the unexposed sample and the pure polymer reference.

Wood-Plastics Composites (WPC). Characterisation of WPC Materials

Author : British Standards Institute Staff
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2007-06-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 058050896X

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Wood-Plastics Composites (WPC). Characterisation of WPC Materials by British Standards Institute Staff Pdf

Wood, Plastics, Composite materials, Cellulose, Wood fibres, Thermoplastic polymers, Physical properties of materials, Mechanical properties of materials, Thermal properties of materials, Fire resistance, Durability

Wood-Plastic Composites

Author : Anatole A. Klyosov
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 744 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2007-08-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780470148914

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Wood-Plastic Composites by Anatole A. Klyosov Pdf

A comprehensive, practical guide to wood-plastic composites and their properties This is the first book that presents an overview of the main principles underlying the composition of wood-plastic composite (WPC) materials and their performance in the real world. Focusing on the characteristics of WPC materials rather than their manufacture, this guide bridges the gap between laboratory-based research and testing and the properties WPC materials exhibit when they're used in decks, railing systems, fences, and other common applications. Complete with practical examples and case studies, this guide: Describes compositions of WPC materials, including thermoplastics, cellulose fiber, minerals, additives, and their properties Covers mechanical properties, microbial resistance, water absorption, flammability, slip resistance, thermal expansion-contraction, sensitivity to oxidation and solar radiation, and rheological properties of hot melts of WPC Covers subjects that determine esthetics, properties, performance, and durability of wood-plastic composite products Includes comparisons of different ASTM methods and procedures that apply to specific properties This is a comprehensive, hands-on reference for scientists, engineers, and researchers working with wood-plastic composites in plastics and polymers, materials science, microbiology, rheology, plastic technology, and chemical engineering, as well as an outstanding text for graduate students in these disciplines. It's also an excellent resource for suppliers and WPC manufacturers, and an accessible guide for developers, homebuilders, and landscape architects who want to know more about wood-plastic composites and their performance in the real world.

Wood-Plastics Composites (WPC). Characterisation of WPC Products

Author : British Standards Institute Staff,Comité européen de normalisation
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 14 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2007-06-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0580508951

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Wood-Plastics Composites (WPC). Characterisation of WPC Products by British Standards Institute Staff,Comité européen de normalisation Pdf

Wood, Plastics, Composite materials, Cellulose, Wood fibres, Thermoplastic polymers, Physical properties of materials, Mechanical properties of materials, Thermal properties of materials, Fire resistance, Durability, Roof decking, Cladding (buildings), Woodbased sheet materials

Polymeric Composites with Rice Hulls

Author : Chris Defonseka
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019-05-20
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783110643206

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Polymeric Composites with Rice Hulls by Chris Defonseka Pdf

Polymeric composites with rice hulls have superior properties compared with other polymer composites and are suitable for a wider range of applications. This book explains what it is that makes polymeric composites with rice hulls ideal substitutes for natural wood and how they may help ease global environmental concerns. It is an ideal source of information for researchers, resin-pellet manufacturers, processors and end users.

Thermoplastic Polymer Composites

Author : Sodagudi Francis Xavier
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1028 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2022-12-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119865056

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Thermoplastic Polymer Composites by Sodagudi Francis Xavier Pdf

THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER COMPOSITES The monograph represents a life-long career in industry and academia and creates an exhaustive and comprehensive narrative that gives a complete understanding of important and state-of-the-art aspects of polymer composites including processing, properties, performance, applications & recyclability. Based on 40 years’ experience in both industry and academia, the author’s goal is to make a comprehensive and up-to-date account that gives a complete understanding of various aspects of polymer composites covering processing, properties, performance, applications & recyclability. Divided into 8 main chapters, the book treats thermoplastics vs. thermosets and the processing of thermoplastics; filled polymer composites; short fiber reinforced composites; long fiber reinforced composites; continuous fiber reinforced composites; nanocomposites; applications; and recycling polymer composites. Readers can have confidence that: Thermoplastic Polymer Composites (TPC) gives a comprehensive understanding of polymer composites’ processing, properties, applications, and their recyclability; Provides a complete understanding of man-made as well as natural fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites and explores in depth how short fiber, long fiber, and continuous fiber can transform the entire domain of composites’ processing and properties; Provides a deep understanding of nanocomposites with more than 50 examples covering both commodities as well as engineering thermoplastics. It presents conducting composites and several bio-medical applications of composites that are already passed through laboratories. Audience This unique reference book will be of great value to researchers and postgraduate students in materials science, polymer science, as well industry engineers in plastics manufacturing. Those working in product development laboratories of polymer and allied industries will also find it helpful.

Wood

Author : Pentti O. Kettunen
Publisher : Trans Tech Publications
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : House & Home
ISBN : UOM:39015069114125

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Wood by Pentti O. Kettunen Pdf

One of the oldest construction materials is wood which, technically speaking, belongs to the group of polymer matrix composites; one which is conveniently and expertly produced by Nature. Due to its organic cell-type structure, the density of wood remains modest. Thus, as its strength and stiffness can - in certain cases - attain remarkable values, its levels of specific strength and stiffness (absolute strength or stiffness divided by density) can reach magnitudes which are competitive with those of other construction materials. It is demonstrated, for instance, that the specific strength of wood in the axial direction can exceed those of low-carbon steel and concrete. Its specific stiffness can also be comparable to those of aluminum alloys and low-carbon steels, and is better than that of concrete. In constructional design, especially in the dimensioning of supports, the values of specific strength and stiffness are of utmost importance.

Influence of Wood Modification on the Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride based Wood Polymer Composites (WPC)

Author : Marcus Müller
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2012-07-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783736941434

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Influence of Wood Modification on the Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride based Wood Polymer Composites (WPC) by Marcus Müller Pdf

Abstract The study investigated the influences of wood modification on the properties of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based Wood Polymer Composites (WPC). Various ethanolamines, L-arginine, pre-hydrolyzed and monomeric aminosilane, melamine and acetic anhydride treatment were used to improve the adhesion between wood and polymer as well as water absorption behavior and resistance to basidiomycetes. Amine based treatments were chosen to change the nature of wood from acidic to basic in order to increase the compatibility with the acidic polymer. Treated and untreated wood flour, PVC and additives were dry blended in a mixer. The dry blend was compounded to granulate by counter-rotating twin screw extrusion and compression moulded into panels using a hydraulic press. Elemental analysis (nitrogen content) via gas chromatography showed expected fixation of aminosilane and melamine treatment. The nitrogen fixation of ethanolamine and L-arginine treated material were obviously reduced, whereas the amount and reactivity of the aminogroups influenced the fixation behavior. With increasing content of amino-groups and reactivity, the fixation was improved. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses revealed interactions between monoethanolamine and cell wall components. The amine based treatments changed the nature of wood from acidic to basic. An improvement of the interphase was detected via mechanical property testing. Tensile strength, elongation at break and unnotched impact strength of the composite were obviously increased by Larginine, ethanolamine and aminosilane treatments. It has to be considered that amine based treatments (monoethanolamine in this study) led to reduced thermal stability of the composite. Thermogravimetric analysis showed a decrease of onset temperature with increasing monoethanolamine content. Water repellence of the composite was improved by melamine, pre-hydrolyzed aminosilane and acetic acid treatment. Treated and untreated composites revealed high resistance against basidiomycetes. Due to the low initial moisture content and low weight loss of untreated and treated composites, no effect of the various modifications was distinguished. In general it is possible to treat/modify PVC/wood flour composites with used processing and chemical agents. Amine based treatments indicate an improved adhesion between wood and polymer and can be used as coupling agents. Acetic anhydride, melamine and prehydrolyzed aminosilane treatments improved water absorption behavior. Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Auswirkungen verschiedener Holzmodifizierungen auf die Eigenschaften von Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) basierten Holz-Kunststoff Kompositen untersucht. Der Fokus lag dabei auf Verbesserung der Interphase zwischen Holz und Polymer, sowie einer Reduktion der Wasseraufnahme und einer Erhöhung der biologischen Dauerhaftigkeit des Komposits. Als Modifizierungschemikalien wurden Ethanolamine (Mono-, Di-, Triethanolamin), L-Arginin, Aminosilane, Melamin und Essigsäureanhydrid verwendet. Die eingesetzten Aminosilane unterschieden sich hinsichtlich ihrer Molekülgröße vor der Behandlung (Monomer, vor-hydrolisiert). Amin basierte Chemikalien wurden ausgewählt, um die Ladungseigenschaften des Holzes zu verändern. Eine bessere Kompatibilität zwischen dem sauren Polymer und der basisch modifizierten Holzoberfläche sollte dementsprechend erreicht werden. Das behandelte und unbehandelte Holzmehl wurde mit dem PVC und ausgewählten Additiven im Heiz-Kühl Mischer zu einem Trockengemisch verarbeitet. Das Trockengemisch wurde in einem gegenläufigen Doppelschneckenextruder granuliert und anschließend im Heißpressverfahren zu Platten gepresst. Mittels einer gaschromatischen Elementaranalyse wurde der Stickstoffgehalt der Holzmehlproben ermittelt, um Aussagen über die Fixierung der jeweiligen Chemikalie treffen zu können. Aminosilan und Melamin behandelte Proben zeigten die erwarteten Fixierungswerte. Die Stickstofffixierung der Ethanolamin und L-Arginin behandelten Proben war im Vergleich dazu deutlich reduziert. Allerdings wurde beobachtet, dass mit steigender Aminogruppenanzahl und Reaktivität auch die Fixierung zunahm. In Fourier Transform Infrarot (FTIR) Analysen wurden Interaktionen zwischen Monoethanolamin und den chemischen Zellwandkomponenten beobachtet. Zudem führte die Behandlung mit Aminosilanen, Ethanolaminen und dem L-Arginin zu einer pH-Wert Verschiebung. Die behandelten Proben besaßen basische Eigenschaften. Eine Verbesserung der Interphase wurde nach der Durchführung mechanischer Eigenschaftsprüfungen gemessen. Die Zugfestigkeit, Bruchdehnung und Schlagzähigkeit der Komposite wurden deutlich erhöht, wenn das Holzmehl zuvor mit Aminosilanen, Ethanolaminen oder L-Arginin behandelt wurde. Allerdings wurde die thermische Stabilität des Komposits durch die Behandlung (Monoethanolamin) herabgesetzt. Thermogravimetrische Analysen (TGA) zeigten eine reduzierte Zersetzungstemperatur mit steigendem Monoethanolamingehalt. Die Behandlung mit Essigsäureanhydrid und Melamin führte zu einer Verringerung der Wasseraufnahmegeschwindigkeit, sowie zu einer Reduzierung der maximalen Materialfeuchte. Bezüglich der verwendeten Aminosilane wurde nur bei der vor-hydrolisierten Variante eine Verbesserung des Wasseraufnahmeverhaltens beobachtet. Alle Komposite wiesen eine hohe Resistenz gegenüber Basidiomyceten auf. Aufgrund der niedrigen Feuchtegehalte vor Versuchsbeginn und den geringen Masseverlusten wurden keine Effekte der jeweiligen Behandlung festgesellt. Prinzipiell ist es möglich mit den verwendeten Chemikalien und Verarbeitungsverfahren Modifizierungen an PVC basierten Holz-Kunststoff Kompositen durchzuführen. Amin basierte Behandlungen zeigten eine erhöhte Kompatibilität mit dem Polymer, womit sie grundsätzlich als Haftvermittler eingesetzt werden können. Zudem wurde das Wasseraufnahmeverhalten der Komposite durch die Behandlung mit Essigsäureanhydrid, Melamin und vorhydrolisiertem Aminosilan positiv beeinflusst.

Wood Composites

Author : Martin P Ansell
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2015-07-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781782424772

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Wood Composites by Martin P Ansell Pdf

Recent progress in enhancing and refining the performance and properties of wood composites by chemical and thermal modification and the application of smart multi-functional coatings have made them a particular area of interest for researchers. Wood Composites comprehensively reviews the whole field of wood composites, with particular focus on their materials, applications and engineering and scientific advances, including solutions inspired biomimetrically by the structure of wood and wood composites. Part One covers the materials used for wood composites and examines wood microstructure, and wood processing and adhesives for wood composites. Part Two explores the many applications of wood composites, for example plywood, fibreboard, chipboard, glulam, cross-laminated timber, I-beams and wood-polymer composites. The final part investigates advances in wood composites and looks at the preservation and modification of wood composites, environmental impacts and legislative obligations, nano-coatings and plasma treatment, biomimetic composite materials, the integration of wood composites with other materials and carbonized and mineralized wood composites. Comprehensively reviews the entire field of wood composites in a single volume Examines recent progress in enhancing and refining the performance and properties of wood composites by chemical and thermal modification and the application of smart multi-functional coatings Explores the range of wood composites, including both new and traditional products

Advances in Composite Materials

Author : Pavla Tesinova
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 588 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789533074498

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Advances in Composite Materials by Pavla Tesinova Pdf

Composites are made up of constituent materials with high engineering potential. This potential is wide as wide is the variation of materials and structure constructions when new updates are invented every day. Technological advances in composite field are included in the equipment surrounding us daily; our lives are becoming safer, hand in hand with economical and ecological advantages. This book collects original studies concerning composite materials, their properties and testing from various points of view. Chapters are divided into groups according to their main aim. Material properties are described in innovative way either for standard components as glass, epoxy, carbon, etc. or biomaterials and natural sources materials as ramie, bone, wood, etc. Manufacturing processes are represented by moulding methods; lamination process includes monitoring during process. Innovative testing procedures are described in electrochemistry, pulse velocity, fracture toughness in macro-micro mechanical behaviour and more.

Polyethylene-Based Blends, Composites and Nanocomposities

Author : Visakh P. M.,María José Martínez Morlanes
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2015-07-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118831298

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Polyethylene-Based Blends, Composites and Nanocomposities by Visakh P. M.,María José Martínez Morlanes Pdf

The book focusses on the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of polyethylene-based blends, composites and nanocomposites by looking at the various aspects of processing, morphology, properties and applications. In particular, the book details the important developments in areas such as the structure-properties relationship of polyethylene; modification of polyethylene with radiation and ion implantation processes; stabilization of irradiated polyethylene by the introduction of antioxidants; reinforcement of polyethylene through carbon-based materials as additives; characterization of carbon-based polyethylenes composites, polyethylene-based blends with thermoplastic and thermoset; characterization of polyethylene-based thermoplastic and thermoset blends; polyethylene-based blends with natural rubber and synthetic rubber; characterization of polyethylene-based natural rubber and synthetic rubber blends; characterization of polyethylene-based composites.