Structure Of Decision

Author : Robert Axelrod
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2015-03-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781400871957

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Structure of Decision by Robert Axelrod Pdf

This book outlines a new approach to the analysis of decision making based on "cognitive maps." A cognitive map is a graphic representation intended to capture the structure of a decision maker's stated beliefs about a particular problem. Following introductory chapters that develop the theory and techniques of cognitive mapping, a set of five empirical studies applies these new techniques to five policy areas. Originally published in 1976. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Author : Henry Montgomery,Ola Svenson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1989-01-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0608046035

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Process and Structure in Human Decision Making by Henry Montgomery,Ola Svenson Pdf

Author : Mario S. Catalani,Giuseppe F. Clerico
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 165 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783642501388

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Decision Making Structures by Mario S. Catalani,Giuseppe F. Clerico Pdf

This book is the cuhnination of many years' research inspired by the pioneering and seminal works of Sah and Stiglitz. We gratefully acknowledge the influence of these two authors, whose ideas and contributions have brought us together on this collabo ration, despite our divergent scientific backgrounds (while Catalani is interested in quantitative methods, Clerico is a non-quantitative economist) . We thank the Editor of the Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Economiche e Commerciali for permission to use slightly modified versions of papers published in that Review (they are the content of Chapters I and III of Part I, and of Chapter I of Part II). We heartily thank Ms. Laura McLean for carefully revising our English. The publication of this book has been made possible by a grant from the Department of Economics, University of Turin, Italy. Torino, July 1995 Mario S. Catalani Giuseppe F. CIeri co CONTENTS Introduction 1 PART I Some models of decision making structures I. How and when unanimity is a superior decision rule 15 II. Majority rules and efficiency of the decision process 31 III. Team cooperation vs. independent assessment 41 IV. Leadership and dependence 59 V. The decision making process of political organizations 75 PART II Pyramid decision structures I. Pyramidal structures: a preliminary note 91 II. Other properties of pyramids 103 III. Pyramids and dependence 117 IV. Organization, loyalty, and efficiency 133 Conclusions 151 References 163 Mario S.

Author : Yamini Agarwal
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781118203163

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Capital Structure Decisions by Yamini Agarwal Pdf

Inside the risk management and corporate governance issues behind capital structure decisions Practical ways of determining capital structures have always been mysterious and riddled with risks and uncertainties. Dynamic paradigm shifts and the multi-dimensional operations of firms further complicate the situation. Financial leaders are under constant pressure to outdo their competitors, but how to do so is not always clear. Capital Structure Decisions offers an introduction to corporate finance, and provides valuable insights into the decision-making processes that face the CEOs and CFOs of organizations in dynamic multi-objective environments. Exploring the various models and techniques used to understand the capital structure of an organization, as well as the products and means available for financing these structures, the book covers how to develop a goal programming model to enable organization leaders to make better capital structure decisions. Incorporating international case studies to explain various financial models and to illustrate ways that capital structure choices determine their success, Capital Structure Decisions looks at existing models and the development of a new goal-programming model for capital structures that is capable of handling multiple objectives, with an emphasis throughout on mitigating risk. Helps financial leaders understand corporate finance and the decision-making processes involved in understanding and developing capital structure Includes case studies from around the world that explain key financial models Emphasizes ways to minimize risk when it comes to working with capital structures There are a number of criteria that financial leaders need to consider before making any major capital investment decision. Capital Structure Decisions analyzes the various risk management and corporate governance issues to be considered by any diligent CEO/CFO before approving a project.

Author : Robert Axelrod
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:989574848

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Structure of Decision by Robert Axelrod Pdf

Author : Henry Montgomery,Ola Svenson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1989-04-24
Category : Education
ISBN : UOM:39015014202546

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Process and Structure in Human Decision Making by Henry Montgomery,Ola Svenson Pdf

Fourteen contributors from six countries present recent research results in the study of decision-making processes. They address cognitive and evaluative issues involved in human choice and judgement. Several studies model how decision makers represent and structure information involved in making choices. Others discuss theory, methods, or group decision making.

Author : Harold Bierman Jr.
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781461510376

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The Capital Structure Decision by Harold Bierman Jr. Pdf

In 1958 an academic paper on corporate finance written by two professors (Merton Miller and Frances Modigliani, who were later awarded the Nobel prize for their research efforts) was published in The American Economic Review. One prime conclusion of their paper was that the exact form of a firm's capital structure did not affect the firm's value. Later papers by the same two authors and by many others modified the assumptions and changed this conclusion. We now think that capital structure decisions do affect a firm's value and corporate managers should understand better the financing alternatives that are available. One of the most important financial decisions is the decision to buy or lease assets. The leasing industry is large and getting larger. Unfortunately, it is very easy for a firm to evaluate incorrectly lease alternatives (see Chapter 12). The capital structure decision is one of the three most important financial decisions that management make (the distribution of earnings and the capital budgeting decisions are the other two contenders). Managers should increase their understanding of capital structure alternatives and remember that choosing the best capital structure is an art and not an exact simple calculation. But applying the art can be improved with understanding.

Author : Floyd Hunter
Publisher : UNC Press Books
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781469616940

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Community Power Structure by Floyd Hunter Pdf

In this study of busy, complex Regional City -- and it is a real city -- the author has analyzed the power structure from top to bottom. He has searched out the men of power and, under fictitious names, has described them as they initiate policies in their offices, their homes, their clubs. They form a small, stable group at the top of the social structure. Their decision-making activities are not known to the public, but they are responsible for whatever is done, or not done, in their community. Beneath this top policy group is a clearly marked social stratification, through which decisions sift down to the substructures chosen to put them into effect. The dynamic relations within the power structure are made clear in charts, but the real interest lies in the author's report of what people themselves say. The African American community is also studied, with its own power structure and its own complicated relations with the large community. The method of study is fully described in an Appendix. The book should be of particular value to sociologists, political scientists, city-planning executives, Community Council members, social workers, teachers, and research workers in related fields. As a vigorous and readable presentation of facts, it should appeal to the reader who would like to know how his/her own community is run. Community Power Structure is not an expose. It is a description and discussion of a social phenomenon as it occured. It is based on sound field research, including personal observation and interviews by the author.

Author : Eileen Griffin-Ray
Publisher : Outskirts Press
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2022-01-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1977251668

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Decisions and Non-Decisions: A Pragmatic View of Power, Structure, and Culture in Complex Organizations by Eileen Griffin-Ray Pdf

This book explores decision-making and the creation of a culture of non-decision in complex organizations. Considered part of the decision-making process, this book addresses the role of power, structure and ethics of individual leaders and the impact on organizational culture. An authoritarian leader can suppress contributions while an indecisive leader can develop a culture of ambiguity in an organization. The book looks at the reality, and the consequences, of both extremes and considers the space in between. Both historical and current theories and ideas are described and discussed. Several leaders are interviewed contributing their lived experiences in the realm of decision-making and leadership. They describe experiences in organizations from their perspective as leaders between subordinates and more senior leaders within the organizational hierarchy. The book addresses ways key decision-makers use power, manage culture, and create structures to make decisions. The optimal structure for effective decision-making is explored. Finally, the author considers how a culture of non-decision occurs. In recent years, some organizations have attempted to reduce or eliminate the traditional hierarchical structure in favor of a flatter structure with fewer layers and more collaborative decision making. These efforts are compared to historical business structures.

Author : Steven Sinofsky,Marco Iansiti
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2009-11-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780470560457

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One Strategy by Steven Sinofsky,Marco Iansiti Pdf

Learn from the concepts, capabilities, processes, and behaviors that aligned around one strategy with the hard-won, first-person wisdom found in One Strategy. Challenging traditional views of strategy and operational execution, this book-written by Microsoft executive Steven Sinofsky with Harvard Business School professor Marco Iansiti-describes how you can drive innovation by connecting the potential of strategic opportunities to the impact of operational execution. Lessons from the unique combination of real-world experience managing a large scale organization with academic research in strategy and innovation Reveals what it takes to align a complex organization around one strategy, manage its execution, and reach for "strategic integrity" Written by Microsoft executive Steven Sinofsky with Harvard Business School professor Marco Iansiti-a combined forty years of management and research experience A unique perspective on strategy development, alignment, and execution Drawn from Sinofsky's internal Microsoft blog where he communicated some of the management processes the team put to work while developing a 4,000 person, multi-year project-Microsoft Windows 7-One Strategy shares the hard-won insights you can use to successfully make the leap from strategy to execution.

Author : Elena G. Popkova,Alina V. Chesnokova,Irina A. Morozova
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2019-08-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781787566934

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Specifics of Decision Making in Modern Business Systems by Elena G. Popkova,Alina V. Chesnokova,Irina A. Morozova Pdf

Specifics of Decision Making in Modern Business Systems focuses on the regularities and tendencies that are peculiar for the modern Russian practice of decision making in business systems, as well as the authors’ solutions for its optimization in view of new challenges and possibilities.

Author : Erich H. Rast
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2022-03-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781793616951

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Theory of Value Structure by Erich H. Rast Pdf

The theory of value structure concerns the meaning of “better than” and “good,” as well as the way in which values serve as a basis for rational decision making. Drawing methodologically from economics and theories of decision making, the aim of serious axiology in metaethics is to do justice to problems that have puzzled philosophers of value for centuries. Can value comparisons be cyclic? Are all values comparable with each other and can decision makers just add up different aspects of an evaluation to determine the best course of action? A Theory of Value Structure: From Values to Decisions starts with a thorough introduction to the modeling of “better than” comparisons from a normative perspective. In the philosophical part of the book, Erich H. Rast argues that aspects of “better than” comparisons can differ qualitatively so much that one aspect may outrank another. Consequently, the classical weighted sum aggregation model fails. Values cannot always be summed up and comparisons may be fundamentally noncompensatory, an indeterminacy that explains problems like the apparent nontransitivity of “better than” and hard cases in decision making. Using a lexicographic method of value comparisons, Rast develops a multidimensional theory of “better than” and shows how and to which extent it can be combined with standard methods of decision making under uncertainty by using rank-dependent utility theory.

Author : Efstratios Nikolaidis,Zissimos P. Mourelatos,Vijitashwa Pandey
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 538 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017-06-16
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1138115096

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Design Decisions Under Uncertainty with Limited Information by Efstratios Nikolaidis,Zissimos P. Mourelatos,Vijitashwa Pandey Pdf

Today's business environment involves design decisions with significant uncertainty. To succeed, decision-makers should replace deterministic methods with a risk-based approach that accounts for the decision maker¿s risk tolerance. In many problems, it is impractical to collect data because rare or one-time events are involved. Therefore, we need a methodology to model uncertainty and make choices when we have limited information. This methodology must use all available information and rely only on assumptions that are supported by evidence. This book explains theories and tools to represent uncertainty using both data and expert judgment. It teaches the reader how to make design or business decisions when there is limited information with these tools. Readers will learn a structured, risk-based approach, which is based on common sense principles, for design and business decisions. These decisions are consistent with the decision-maker¿s risk attitude. The book is exceptionally suited as educational material because it uses everyday language and real-life examples to elucidate concepts. It demonstrates how these concepts touch our lives through many practical examples, questions and exercises. These are designed to help students learn that first they should understand a problem and then establish a strategy for solving it, instead of using trial-and-error approaches. This volume is intended for undergraduate and graduate courses in mechanical, civil, industrial, aerospace, and ocean engineering and for researchers and professionals in these disciplines. It will also benefit managers and students in business administration who want to make good decisions with limited information.

Author : H. Kent Baker,Gerald S. Martin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2011-03-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781118022948

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Capital Structure and Corporate Financing Decisions by H. Kent Baker,Gerald S. Martin Pdf

A comprehensive guide to making better capital structure and corporate financing decisions in today's dynamic business environment Given the dramatic changes that have recently occurred in the economy, the topic of capital structure and corporate financing decisions is critically important. The fact is that firms need to constantly revisit their portfolio of debt, equity, and hybrid securities to finance assets, operations, and future growth. Capital Structure and Corporate Financing Decisions provides an in-depth examination of critical capital structure topics, including discussions of basic capital structure components, key theories and practices, and practical application in an increasingly complex corporate world. Throughout, the book emphasizes how a sound capital structure simultaneously minimizes the firm's cost of capital and maximizes the value to shareholders. Offers a strategic focus that allows you to understand how financing decisions relates to a firm's overall corporate policy Consists of contributed chapters from both academics and experienced professionals, offering a variety of perspectives and a rich interplay of ideas Contains information from survey research describing actual financial practices of firms This valuable resource takes a practical approach to capital structure by discussing why various theories make sense and how firms use them to solve problems and create wealth. In the wake of the recent financial crisis, the insights found here are essential to excelling in today's volatile business environment.

Author : Robert Axelrod
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0835738523

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The Structure of Decision by Robert Axelrod Pdf