Submarine Warfare In The 20th And 21st Centuries A Bibliography
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Submarine Warfare in the 20th and 21st Centuries - A Bibliography by Michelle Lee Huygen Pdf
The submarine and the aircraft carrier were the most important naval innovations and the most decisive naval weapons of the 20th and 21st Century. This comprehensive bibliography prepared at the Naval Postgraduate School covers the less-well-studied submarine side of the equation with information about every major campaign, every major submarine technology, and every navy that wielded submarine technology. An essential reference for any serious student of naval affairs.
American Military History by Daniel K. Blewett Pdf
In this companion volume to his 1995 bibliography of the same title, Daniel Blewett continues his foray into the vast literature of military studies. As did its predecessor, it covers land, air, and naval forces, primarily but not exclusively from a U.S. perspective, with the welcome emergence of small wars from publishing obscurity. In addition to identifying relevant organizations and associations, Blewett has gathered together the very best in chronologies, bibliographies, biographical dictionaries, indexes, journals abstracts, glossaries, and encyclopedias, each accompanied by a brief descriptive annotation. This work remains a pertinent addition to the general reference collections of public and academic libraries as well as special libraries, government documents collections, military and intelligence agency libraries, and historical societies and museums.
Submarine Operational Effectiveness in the 20Th Century by Captain John F. O'Connell Pdf
A very new weapons system, the lurking submarine with its self-propelled torpedoes fired from ambush changed the complexion of naval warfare forever. Both warships and merchant ships were at risk. In 1914 U-boats demonstrated their capability to sink major warships. During 1915 they turned their attention to merchant ships and began to sink or capture them in wholesale lots. U-boats nearly won the First World War for Germany by forcing Great Britain into peace negotiations in late 1917. U-boats sank or captured over 6,100 ships during WW I. In April 1917 England had only six weeks grain supply left, and apparently had no adequate way to deal with the unrestricted U-boat offensive that Germany unleashed in February of that year. Submarine Operational Effectiveness in the 20th Century deals with the first strategic submarine campaign and its outcome. It goes on to outline submarine development by major nations during the 1920s and 1930s, including submarine use during the Spanish Civil War. It ends in 1939, on the eve of World War Two, a war in which two massive submarine campaigns would be waged: the first by Nazi Germany against the Allies; and the second by the United States against the Empire of Japan.
Submarine Operational Effectiveness in the 20th Century by Captain John F. O'Connell, USN (RET.) Pdf
The submarine emerged as a serious weapons system during the First World War (1914 - 1918). During that conflict Germany with its unrestricted submarine warfare campaign of 1917 nearly drove Great Britain to the negotiating table. Its U-boats sank 6,196 ships of 13,438,632 gross register tons. Despite post-war attempts to ban the submarine from warfare, it survived. Both Italy and Germany used submarines, covertly, during the Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939). This book, Part Two of a series, discusses the use of submarines during World War Two (1939 - 1945) and their effectiveness. It focuses principally on two strategic submarine campaigns. The first is about German U-boats against British and neutral commerce. That campaign finally failed during the Battle of The Atlantic in 1943. The second deals with American submarines against Japanese shipping from Southeast Asia to the home islands, a campaign that successfully isolated Japan from its sources of raw materials and foodstuffs during 1944 and effectively defeated Japan.
The submarine was undoubtedly the most potent purely naval weapon of the twentieth century. In two world wars, enemy underwater campaigns were very nearly successful in thwarting Allied hopes of victory - indeed, annihilation of Japanese shipping by US Navy submarines is an indicator of what might have been. That the submarine was usually defeated is a hugely important story in naval history, yet this is the first book to treat the subject as a whole in a readable and accessible manner. It concerns individual heroism and devotion to duty, but also ingenuity, technical advances and originality of tactical thought. What developed was an endless battle between forces above and below the surface, where a successful innovation by one side eventually produces a counter-measure by the other in a lethal struggle for supremacy. Development was not a straight line: wrong ideas and assumptions led to defeat and disaster.
Technology and Naval Combat in the Twentieth Century and Beyond by Phillips Payson O'Brien Pdf
This work examines how the navies of Great Britain, the USA, Germany, Japan, the Soviet Union, France and Italy confronted the various technological changes posed during different periods in the 20th century.
In the final year of World War I, Germany made its first attempt to wage submarine warfare off faraway shores. Large, long-range U-boats (short for unterseeboot or "undersea boat") attacked Allied shipping off the coasts of the U.S., Canada and West Africa in a desperate campaign to sidestep and scatter the lethal U-boat defenses in European waters. Commissioned in 1917, U-156 raided commerce, transported captured cargo and terrorized coastal populations from Madeira to Cape Cod. In July 1918, the USS San Diego was sunk as it headed into New York Harbor--the opening salvo in a month-long series of audacious attacks by U-156 along the North American coast. The author chronicles the campaign from the perspective of Imperial Germany for the first time in English.
Submarines, Mines and Torpedoes in the War by Charles W. Domville-Fife Pdf
In this work, the writer reviews the actual battles underseas and presents information on the submarine fleets and arms of the great Naval Powers engaged. He stated that to understand the naval situation or the military campaigns in the Great European War, a knowledge of the scientific factors contributing to victory or defeat is essential. Contents include: Introduction—the Submarine Phase of the Naval War The Modern Submarine Torpedo-boat British Submarines French Submarines Russian Submarines Japanese Submarines German Submarines Austrian Submarines Submarines in Action Anti-submarine Tactics The Submarine Torpedo Submarine Mines Mine-laying Fleets Mine-sweeping Fleets Comparative Fighting Value of the Submarine Fleets at War
Submarines and the World Wars by Charles River Charles River Editors Pdf
*Includes pictures *Includes accounts of fighting *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading Submarine warfare began tentatively during the American Civil War (though the Netherlands and England made small prototypes centuries earlier, and the American sergeant Ezra Lee piloted the one-man "Turtle" vainly against HMS Eagle near New York in 1776). Robert Whitehead's invention of the torpedo introduced the weapon later used most frequently by submarines. Steady improvements to Whitehead's design led to the military torpedoes deployed against shipping during both World Wars. During World War I, German U-boats operated solo except on one occasion. Initially, the British and nations supplying England with food and materiel scattered vessels singly across the ocean, making them vulnerable to the lone submarines. However, widespread late war re-adoption of the convoy system tipped the odds in the surface ships' favor, as one U-boat skipper described: "The oceans at once became bare and empty; for long periods at a time the U-boats, operating individually, would see nothing at all; and then suddenly up would loom a huge concourse of ships, thirty or fifty or more of them, surrounded by a strong escort of warships of all types." (Blair, 1996, 55). World War I proved the value of submarines, ensuring their widespread employment in the next conflict, but by using U-boats against the shipping that kept Britain supplied, it might have ultimately cost Germany and Austria-Hungary the war by providing a reason for President Woodrow Wilson to bring the United States into the struggle. One critical innovation in World War II's Atlantic U-boat operations consisted of wolf-pack tactics, in which Admiral Karl Dönitz put great faith: "The greater the number of U-boats that could be brought simultaneously into the attack, the more favourable would become the opportunities offered to each individual attacker. [...] it was obvious that, on strategic and general tactical grounds, attacks on convoys must be carried out by a number of U-boats acting in unison." (Dönitz, 1990, 4). However, even the wolf-pack proved insufficient to defeat the Atlantic convoys and stop Allied commerce - the precise opposite of the Pacific theater, where America's excellent submarine forces annihilated much of Japan's merchant marine and inflicted severe damage on the Imperial Japanese Navy. Submarines exercised a decisive impact on the outcome of the Pacific Theater in World War II. The U.S. submarine fleet, largely though not exclusively under the overall command of Vice Admiral Charles Lockwood, strangled the supply lines and shipping traffic of the Empire of Japan. Their commerce raiding crippled both Japan's ability to keep its frontline units supplied and to manufacture the weapons, vessels, and vehicles needed to successfully carry on the struggle. Though constituting only 1.6% of the total U.S. Navy's tonnage in the Pacific, the submarine fleet inflicted massive losses on the Imperial Japanese Navy and Japan's crucial merchant marine. Submarines sank 55% of the merchant shipping lost, or approximately 1,300 vessels; overall, the Allies sank 77% of Japan's shipping. The submarines also sank 214 Japanese warships, including 82 of 1,000 tons or more - 4 carriers, 4 escort carriers, one battleship, 4 heavy cruisers, 9 light cruisers, 38 destroyers, and 23 submarines - or approximately 30% of the entire Imperial Japanese Navy. The sleek, predatory craft made in the shipyards of Virginia, Wisconsin, or Washington state devastated the naval and freighter assets of the Empire of the Rising Sun out of all proportion to their numbers, at a cost of 42 submarines on "Eternal Patrol." Submarines and the World Wars: The History of Submarine Warfare in World War I and World War II analyzes the underwater fighting during both great conflicts.
The author of more than twenty books on scientific and historical subjects, David Owen presents an authoritative yet highly readable account of the ongoing battle between naval forces above and below the sea's surface. Without question, the submarine was the most potent purely naval weapon of the twentieth century, yet the fact that it was usually defeated is an important part of the story described in this book. With the support of nearly 200 illustrations, the author examines both the successful innovations and the inevitable counter-measures made by each side in their lethal struggle for supremacy. Known for picking just the right incident to illustrate a point, Owen fills his book with examples of individual heroism and devotion to duty along with accounts of the ingenuity, originality of tactical thought, and technological advances to provide a complete picture. He shows clearly that development was not a straight line--wrong ideas and assumptions sometimes led to defeat and disaster. Concluding the book is a survey of recent ASW developments carried out by teams of scientists, engineers, commanders and crews of ASW aircraft, ships, and other submarines working together to defeat the current threat of hostile raiders who hide in the ocean depths.
21st Century Essential Guide to Navy Submarines by Department of Defense,U. S. Navy Pdf
This unique book presents a magnificent compilation of authoritative U.S. Navy documents on the past, present, and future of America's submarine fleet. Contents of this comprehensive digest of fascinating Navy submarine publications include: HISTORY: Early Years to Nuclear Power; Submarine Pioneers; Submarine Technology through the years from David Bushnell's Turtle, the first American submarine; Holland, K, L, O classes; Submarine Pioneers, Heritage of Simon Lake, pioneer; Silent Victory World War II - Salmon, Balao, Gato, Tench classes; Cold War - Skipjack, Permit, and Sturgeon classes; Submarine History Chronology and Timeline; Technology Innovations; Detailed History and Review of Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW), Weapons, and Tactics during the Cold War; Soviet Subs; thorough bibliography with non-fiction, fiction and juvenile titles; Cold War Curiosities, the Radar Picket Submarines; Museum Listings CURRENT AND FUTURE SUBMARINE PROGRAMS AND TECHNOLOGY: 21st Century fleet including the SSBN Ballistic Missile subs with Trident nuclear-armed missiles; Fast Attack subs including the Los Angeles and Seawolf classes; the newest Virginia-class attack subs represented by the lead ship, the USS Virginia (SSN-774) and the USS Texas; Submarine Training; sixty-one frequently asked questions; the Boise deployment; Virtual Reality under the Sea; Submarine Stealth; SSBN Security Program; Submarine Communications; Anti-submarine Warfare; Future Concepts for New Designs in the 21st Century; Ohio-class SSGN conversion program for cruise missile and covert force deployment - the new era for four subs: Florida, Georgia, Ohio, Michigan; Special Operations Forces capability to accommodate up to 102 Special Operations Forces and their equipment; two missile tubes to serve as lock-in/lock-out chambers, can host either two Advanced SEAL Delivery Systems, two dry-deck shelters, or one of each; land attack with up to 154 TOMAHAWK missiles; 22 large diameter missile tubes; Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance, and Communications; provides ability to serve as Joint Command Center; Universal Modular Mast allows rapid integration of new technologies; improved communications via the Common Submarine Radio Room; test bed for future payloads - Unmanned Undersea Vehicles, Submarine-Launched Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Undersea and Submarine-Launched Weapons Systems, Undersea Sensors. This is a privately authored news service and educational publication of Progressive Management. Our publications synthesize official government information with original material - they are not produced by the federal government. They are designed to provide a convenient user-friendly reference work to uniformly present authoritative knowledge that can be rapidly read, reviewed or searched. Vast archives of important data that might otherwise remain inaccessible are available for instant review no matter where you are. This e-book format makes a great reference work and educational tool. There is no other reference book that is as convenient, comprehensive, thoroughly researched, and portable - everything you need to know, from renowned experts you trust. For over a quarter of a century, our news, educational, technical, scientific, and medical publications have made unique and valuable references accessible to all people. Our e-books put knowledge at your fingertips, and an expert in your pocket!
The Royal Navy and Anti-submarine Warfare, 1917-49 by Malcolm Llewellyn-Jones Pdf
An essential new account of how anti-submarine warfare is conducted, with a focus on both historic and present-day operations. This new book shows how until 1944 U-boats operated as submersible torpedo craft which relied heavily on the surface for movement and charging their batteries. This pattern was repeated in WWII until Allied anti-submarine countermeasures had forced the Germans to modify their existing U-boats with the schnorkel. Countermeasures along also pushed the development of high-speed U-boats capable of continuously submerged operations. This study shows how these improved submarines became benchmark of the post-war Russian submarine challenge. Royal Navy doctrine was developed by professional anti-submarine officers, and based on the well-tried combination of defensive and offensive anti-submarine measures that had stood the press of time since 1917, notwithstanding considerable technological change. This consistent and holistic view of anti-submarine warfare has not been understood by most of the subsequent historians of these anti-submarine campaigns, and this book provides an essential and new insight into how Cold War, and indeed modern, anti-submarine warfare is conducted.
