Surface Knots In 4 Space

Author : Seiichi Kamada
Publisher : Springer
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2017-03-28
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9789811040917

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Surface-Knots in 4-Space by Seiichi Kamada Pdf

This introductory volume provides the basics of surface-knots and related topics, not only for researchers in these areas but also for graduate students and researchers who are not familiar with the field.Knot theory is one of the most active research fields in modern mathematics. Knots and links are closed curves (one-dimensional manifolds) in Euclidean 3-space, and they are related to braids and 3-manifolds. These notions are generalized into higher dimensions. Surface-knots or surface-links are closed surfaces (two-dimensional manifolds) in Euclidean 4-space, which are related to two-dimensional braids and 4-manifolds. Surface-knot theory treats not only closed surfaces but also surfaces with boundaries in 4-manifolds. For example, knot concordance and knot cobordism, which are also important objects in knot theory, are surfaces in the product space of the 3-sphere and the interval.Included in this book are basics of surface-knots and the related topics of classical knots, the motion picture method, surface diagrams, handle surgeries, ribbon surface-knots, spinning construction, knot concordance and 4-genus, quandles and their homology theory, and two-dimensional braids.

Author : Scott Carter,Seiichi Kamada,Masahico Saito
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783662101629

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Surfaces in 4-Space by Scott Carter,Seiichi Kamada,Masahico Saito Pdf

Surfaces in 4-Space, written by leading specialists in the field, discusses knotted surfaces in 4-dimensional space and surveys many of the known results in the area. Results on knotted surface diagrams, constructions of knotted surfaces, classically defined invariants, and new invariants defined via quandle homology theory are presented. The last chapter comprises many recent results, and techniques for computation are presented. New tables of quandles with a few elements and the homology groups thereof are included. This book contains many new illustrations of knotted surface diagrams. The reader of the book will become intimately aware of the subtleties in going from the classical case of knotted circles in 3-space to this higher dimensional case. As a survey, the book is a guide book to the extensive literature on knotted surfaces and will become a useful reference for graduate students and researchers in mathematics and physics.

Author : J. Scott Carter,Masahico Saito
Publisher : American Mathematical Society
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2023-12-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781470476335

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Knotted Surfaces and Their Diagrams by J. Scott Carter,Masahico Saito Pdf

In this book the authors develop the theory of knotted surfaces in analogy with the classical case of knotted curves in 3-dimensional space. In the first chapter knotted surface diagrams are defined and exemplified; these are generic surfaces in 3-space with crossing information given. The diagrams are further enhanced to give alternative descriptions. A knotted surface can be described as a movie, as a kind of labeled planar graph, or as a sequence of words in which successive words are related by grammatical changes. In the second chapter, the theory of Reidemeister moves is developed in the various contexts. The authors show how to unknot intricate examples using these moves. The third chapter reviews the braid theory of knotted surfaces. Examples of the Alexander isotopy are given, and the braid movie moves are presented. In the fourth chapter, properties of the projections of knotted surfaces are studied. Oriented surfaces in 4-space are shown to have planar projections without cusps and without branch points. Signs of triple points are studied. Applications of triple-point smoothing that include proofs of triple-point formulas and a proof of Whitney's congruence on normal Euler classes are presented. The fifth chapter indicates how to obtain presentations for the fundamental group and the Alexander modules. Key examples are worked in detail. The Seifert algorithm for knotted surfaces is presented and exemplified. The sixth chapter relates knotted surfaces and diagrammatic techniques to 2-categories. Solutions to the Zamolodchikov equations that are diagrammatically obtained are presented. The book contains over 200 illustrations that illuminate the text. Examples are worked out in detail, and readers have the opportunity to learn first-hand a series of remarkable geometric techniques.

Author : N. D. Gilbert,T. Porter
Publisher : Oxford University Press, UK
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1994-12-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780191591907

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Knots and Surfaces by N. D. Gilbert,T. Porter Pdf

Completely up-to-date, illustrated throughout, and written in an accessible style, Knots and Surfaces is an account of the mathematical theory of knots and its interaction with related fields. This is an area of intense research activity, and this text provides the advanced undergraduate with a superb introduction to this exciting field. Beginning with a simple diagrammatic approach, the book proceeds through recent advances to areas of current research. Topics including topological spaces, surfaces, the fundamental group, graphs, free groups, and group presentations combine to form a coherent and highly developed theory with which to explore and explain the accessible and intuitive problems of knots and surfaces. - ;The main theme of this book is the mathematical theory of knots and its interaction with the theory of surfaces and of group presentations. Beginning with a simple diagrammatic approach to the study of knots, reflecting the artistic and geometric appeal of interlaced forms, Knots and Surfaces takes the reader through recent advances in our understanding to areas of current research. Topics included are straightforward introductions to topological spaces, surfaces, the fundamental group, graphs, free groups, and group presentations. These topics combine into a coherent and highly developed theory to explore and explain the accessible and intuitive problems of knots and surfaces. Both as an introduction to several areas of prime importance to the development of pure mathematics today, and as an account of pure mathematics in action in an unusual context, this book presents novel challenges to students and other interested readers. -

Author : J Scott Carter
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1995-05-11
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9789814501231

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How Surfaces Intersect in Space by J Scott Carter Pdf

This marvelous book of pictures illustrates the fundamental concepts of geometric topology in a way that is very friendly to the reader. The first chapter discusses the meaning of surface and space and gives the classification of orientable surfaces. In the second chapter we are introduced to the Möbius band and surfaces that can be constructed from this non-orientable piece of fabric. In chapter 3, we see how curves can fit in surfaces and how surfaces can fit into spaces with these curves on their boundary. Basic applications to knot theory are discussed and four-dimensional space is introduced. In Chapter 4 we learn about some 3-dimensional spaces and surfaces that sit inside them. These surfaces help us imagine the structures of the larger space. Chapter 5 is completely new! It contains recent results of Cromwell, Izumiya and Marar. One of these results is a formula relating the rank of a surface to the number of triple points. The other major result is a collection of examples of surfaces in 3-space that have one triple point and 6 branch points. These are beautiful generalizations of the Steiner Roman surface. Chapter 6 reviews the movie technique for examining surfaces in 4-dimensional space. Various movies of the Klein bottle are presented, and the Carter-Saito movie move theorem is explained. The author shows us how to turn the 2-sphere inside out by means of these movie moves and this illustration alone is well worth the price of the book! In the last chapter higher dimensional spaces are examined from an elementary point of view. This is a guide book to a wide variety of topics. It will be of value to anyone who wants to understand the subject by way of examples. Undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and non-professionals will profit from reading the book and from just looking at the pictures. Contents:Front MatterSurface and SpaceNon-orientable SurfacesCurves and KnotsOther Three Dimensional SpacesRelationshipsSurfaces in 4-DimensionsHigher Dimensional SpacesBack Matter Readership: Undergraduates, graduates and mathematicians. keywords:Moving Surfaces;Surfaces;Triple Point;Branch Points “In this excellent book the author teaches us to see a bit more than it meets our eyes. Without hurry he introduces us to the world of topological images. Step by step the reader learns the beauty of topological vision. Surfaces and their intersections, curves and knots, three-dimensional manifolds, surfaces in dimension 4 etc., all these material are presented in an informal easy way, making the exposition available to undergraduate students. As to the pictures, they are really delightful. I especially enjoyed the movies of surfaces and movie moves. On the whole the book is a successful attempt of an introduction to topology focusing on its spirit and skipping its technical side.” Vladimir Turaev Directeur de Recherche au CNRS “This book is a definite enrichment to the literature in low-dimensional topology.” Mathematics Abstracts

Author : Krishnendu Gongopadhyay,Rama Mishra
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2016-09-21
Category : Knot theory
ISBN : 9781470422578

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Knot Theory and Its Applications by Krishnendu Gongopadhyay,Rama Mishra Pdf

This volume contains the proceedings of the ICTS program Knot Theory and Its Applications (KTH-2013), held from December 10–20, 2013, at IISER Mohali, India. The meeting focused on the broad area of knot theory and its interaction with other disciplines of theoretical science. The program was divided into two parts. The first part was a week-long advanced school which consisted of minicourses. The second part was a discussion meeting that was meant to connect the school to the modern research areas. This volume consists of lecture notes on the topics of the advanced school, as well as surveys and research papers on current topics that connect the lecture notes with cutting-edge research in the broad area of knot theory.

Author : J. Scott Carter, Masahico Saito
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-29
Category : Knot theory
ISBN : 0821874918

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Knotted Surfaces and Their Diagrams by J. Scott Carter, Masahico Saito Pdf

Author : Colin Conrad Adams
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780821836781

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The Knot Book by Colin Conrad Adams Pdf

Knots are familiar objects. Yet the mathematical theory of knots quickly leads to deep results in topology and geometry. This work offers an introduction to this theory, starting with our understanding of knots. It presents the applications of knot theory to modern chemistry, biology and physics.

Author : J. Scott Carter
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Topology
ISBN : 0000098108

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How Surfaces Intersect in Space by J. Scott Carter Pdf

This marvelous book of pictures illustrates the fundamental concepts of geometric topology in a way that is very friendly to the reader. The first chapter discusses the meaning of surface and space and gives the classification of orientable surfaces. In the second chapter we are introduced to the Möbius band and surfaces that can be constructed from this non-orientable piece of fabric. In chapter 3, we see how curves can fit in surfaces and how surfaces can fit into spaces with these curves on their boundary. Basic applications to knot theory are discussed and four-dimensional space is introduced. In Chapter 4 we learn about some 3-dimensional spaces and surfaces that sit inside them. These surfaces help us imagine the structures of the larger space. Chapter 5 is completely new! It contains recent results of Cromwell, Izumiya and Marar. One of these results is a formula relating the rank of a surface to the number of triple points. The other major result is a collection of examples of surfaces in 3-space that have one triple point and 6 branch points. These are beautiful generalizations of the Steiner Roman surface. Chapter 6 reviews the movie technique for examining surfaces in 4-dimensional space. Various movies of the Klein bottle are presented, and the Carter-Saito movie move theorem is explained. The author shows us how to turn the 2-sphere inside out by means of these movie moves and this illustration alone is well worth the price of the book!In the last chapter higher dimensional spaces are examined from an elementary point of view. This is a guide book to a wide variety of topics. It will be of value to anyone who wants to understand the subject by way of examples. Undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and non-professionals will profit from reading the book and from just looking at the pictures.

Author : Peter S. Ozsváth,András I. Stipsicz,Zoltán Szabó
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2015-12-04
Category : Homology theory
ISBN : 9781470417376

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Grid Homology for Knots and Links by Peter S. Ozsváth,András I. Stipsicz,Zoltán Szabó Pdf

Knot theory is a classical area of low-dimensional topology, directly connected with the theory of three-manifolds and smooth four-manifold topology. In recent years, the subject has undergone transformative changes thanks to its connections with a number of other mathematical disciplines, including gauge theory; representation theory and categorification; contact geometry; and the theory of pseudo-holomorphic curves. Starting from the combinatorial point of view on knots using their grid diagrams, this book serves as an introduction to knot theory, specifically as it relates to some of the above developments. After a brief overview of the background material in the subject, the book gives a self-contained treatment of knot Floer homology from the point of view of grid diagrams. Applications include computations of the unknotting number and slice genus of torus knots (asked first in the 1960s and settled in the 1990s), and tools to study variants of knot theory in the presence of a contact structure. Additional topics are presented to prepare readers for further study in holomorphic methods in low-dimensional topology, especially Heegaard Floer homology. The book could serve as a textbook for an advanced undergraduate or part of a graduate course in knot theory. Standard background material is sketched in the text and the appendices.

Author : Colin Adams,Erica Flapan,Allison Henrich,Louis H. Kauffman,Lewis D. Ludwig,Sam Nelson
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 1048 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2021-02-10
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781000222425

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Encyclopedia of Knot Theory by Colin Adams,Erica Flapan,Allison Henrich,Louis H. Kauffman,Lewis D. Ludwig,Sam Nelson Pdf

"Knot theory is a fascinating mathematical subject, with multiple links to theoretical physics. This enyclopedia is filled with valuable information on a rich and fascinating subject." – Ed Witten, Recipient of the Fields Medal "I spent a pleasant afternoon perusing the Encyclopedia of Knot Theory. It’s a comprehensive compilation of clear introductions to both classical and very modern developments in the field. It will be a terrific resource for the accomplished researcher, and will also be an excellent way to lure students, both graduate and undergraduate, into the field." – Abigail Thompson, Distinguished Professor of Mathematics at University of California, Davis Knot theory has proven to be a fascinating area of mathematical research, dating back about 150 years. Encyclopedia of Knot Theory provides short, interconnected articles on a variety of active areas in knot theory, and includes beautiful pictures, deep mathematical connections, and critical applications. Many of the articles in this book are accessible to undergraduates who are working on research or taking an advanced undergraduate course in knot theory. More advanced articles will be useful to graduate students working on a related thesis topic, to researchers in another area of topology who are interested in current results in knot theory, and to scientists who study the topology and geometry of biopolymers. Features Provides material that is useful and accessible to undergraduates, postgraduates, and full-time researchers Topics discussed provide an excellent catalyst for students to explore meaningful research and gain confidence and commitment to pursuing advanced degrees Edited and contributed by top researchers in the field of knot theory

Author : S. Suzuki
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9789812796097

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Lectures at Knots '96 by S. Suzuki Pdf

This volume consists of nine lectures given at an international workshop on knot theory held in July 1996 at Waseda University Conference Centre. It was organized by the International Research Institute of Mathematical Society of Japan. The workshop was attended by nearly 170 mathematicians from Japan and 14 other countries, most of whom were specialists in knot theory. The lectures can serve as an introduction to the field for advanced undergraduates, graduates and also researchers working in areas such as theoretical physics and molecular biology.

Author : Kunio Murasugi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2009-12-29
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780817647193

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Knot Theory and Its Applications by Kunio Murasugi Pdf

This book introduces the study of knots, providing insights into recent applications in DNA research and graph theory. It sets forth fundamental facts such as knot diagrams, braid representations, Seifert surfaces, tangles, and Alexander polynomials. It also covers more recent developments and special topics, such as chord diagrams and covering spaces. The author avoids advanced mathematical terminology and intricate techniques in algebraic topology and group theory. Numerous diagrams and exercises help readers understand and apply the theory. Each chapter includes a supplement with interesting historical and mathematical comments.

Author : Charles Livingston
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1993-12-31
Category : Knot theory
ISBN : 9781614440239

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Knot Theory by Charles Livingston Pdf

Knot Theory, a lively exposition of the mathematics of knotting, will appeal to a diverse audience from the undergraduate seeking experience outside the traditional range of studies to mathematicians wanting a leisurely introduction to the subject. Graduate students beginning a program of advanced study will find a worthwhile overview, and the reader will need no training beyond linear algebra to understand the mathematics presented. The interplay between topology and algebra, known as algebraic topology, arises early in the book when tools from linear algebra and from basic group theory are introduced to study the properties of knots. Livingston guides readers through a general survey of the topic showing how to use the techniques of linear algebra to address some sophisticated problems, including one of mathematics's most beautiful topics—symmetry. The book closes with a discussion of high-dimensional knot theory and a presentation of some of the recent advances in the subject—the Conway, Jones, and Kauffman polynomials. A supplementary section presents the fundamental group which is a centerpiece of algebraic topology.

Author : Charles Livingston
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Electronic
ISBN : UCAL:C2939290

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The Knotting of Surfaces in 4-space by Charles Livingston Pdf