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Auger Electron Spectroscopy Study of Surface Segregation in Copper-aluminum Alloys by John Ferrante,Donald H. Buckley Pdf
Surface segregation of aluminum has been observed in copper-aluminum alloys by use of LEED and Auger electron spectroscopy studies. The alloys were solid solutions of aluminum in copper having compositions of 1, 5, and 10 atomic percent aluminum. All samples were single crystals oriented in the (111) direction. Surface concentrations five times that in the bulk were observed. LEED and characteristic loss data gave confirming evidence of surface composition changes. Surface concentration increased with temperature on heating to 700 [degree] C.
Thermodynamics of Polymer Blends, Volume I by Anatoly E. Nesterov,Yuri S. Lipatov Pdf
Thermodynamics is an indispensable tool for developing a large and growing fraction of new polymers and polymer blends. These two volumes show the researcher how thermodynamics can be used to rank polymer pairs in order of immiscibility, including the search for suitable chemical structure of compatibilizers. Because of the great current commercial interest in this most dynamic sector of the polymer industry, there is high interest in studying their physical and mechanical properties, their structures, and the processes of their formation and manufacture. These Books are dedicated to Analysis of the Thermodynamics of Polymer Blends. Thermodynamic behavior of blends determines the compatibility of the components, their morphological features, rheological behavior, and microphase structures. As a result, the most important physical and mechanical characteristics of blends can be identified. The information in these two volumes will be useful to all those involved in polymer research, development, analysis and advanced process engineering.
Electrons In Metals And Alloys by J. A. Alonso,N. H. March Pdf
This book is a broad review of the electronic structure of metals and alloys. It emphasises the way in which the behavior of electrons in these materials governs the thermodynamic and other properties of these conducting materials. The theoretical treatment proceeds from a wave mechanics approach to more sophisticated techniques for the description of the properties of metals and alloys.
Electrochemical Engineering Across Scales by Richard C. Alkire,Philip N. Bartlett,Jacek Lipkowski Pdf
In Volume XV in the series "Advances in Electrochemical Science and Engineering" various leading experts from the field of electrochemical engineering share their insights into how different experimental and computational methods are used in transferring molecular-scale discoveries into processes and products. Throughout, the focus is on the engineering problem and method of solution, rather than on the specific application, such that scientists from different backgrounds will benefit from the flow of ideas between the various subdisciplines. A must-read for anyone developing engineering tools for the next-generation design and control of electrochemical process technologies, including chemical, mechanical and electrical engineers, as well as chemists, physicists, biochemists and materials scientists.
Surfaces and Interfaces of Ceramic Materials by L.C. Dufour,C. Monty Pdf
This book contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Surfaces and Interfaces of Ceramic Materials, held on the Oleron island, France, in September 1988. This Institute was organized in nine months after receiving the agreement of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division. Despite this very short time, most of the lecturers contacted have accepted our invitation to prepare a specific talk. The meeting was held at "La Vieille Perrotine" on the Oleron island. This holiday village of the French CNRS is located near the Ocean in a natural area which contributed to create a very pleasant atmosphere favourable to develop interaction between the 91 participants in this Institute. First of all, the Institute was aimed at diffusing the foremost results on the characterization of and the role played by surfaces, grain boundaries and interfaces in preparation and overall properties of ceramic materials, mainly of oxide ceramics. Through its interdisciplinary character, the Institute was also aimed at developing interaction between scientists and engineers interested in basic and practical aspects of processing and use of ceramics.
Auger- and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Materials Science by Siegfried Hofmann Pdf
To anyone who is interested in surface chemical analysis of materials on the nanometer scale, this book is prepared to give appropriate information. Based on typical application examples in materials science, a concise approach to all aspects of quantitative analysis of surfaces and thin films with AES and XPS is provided. Starting from basic principles which are step by step developed into practically useful equations, extensive guidance is given to graduate students as well as to experienced researchers. Key chapters are those on quantitative surface analysis and on quantitative depth profiling, including recent developments in topics such as surface excitation parameter and backscattering correction factor. Basic relations are derived for emission and excitation angle dependencies in the analysis of bulk material and of fractional nano-layer structures, and for both smooth and rough surfaces. It is shown how to optimize the analytical strategy, signal-to-noise ratio, certainty and detection limit. Worked examples for quantification of alloys and of layer structures in practical cases (e.g. contamination, evaporation, segregation and oxidation) are used to critically review different approaches to quantification with respect to average matrix correction factors and matrix relative sensitivity factors. State-of-the-art issues in quantitative, destructive and non-destructive depth profiling are discussed with emphasis on sputter depth profiling and on angle resolved XPS and AES. Taking into account preferential sputtering and electron backscattering corrections, an introduction to the mixing-roughness-information depth (MRI) model and its extensions is presented.
Kinetics in Materials Science and Engineering by Dennis W. Readey Pdf
"A pedagogical gem.... Professor Readey replaces ‘black-box’ explanations with detailed, insightful derivations. A wealth of practical application examples and exercise problems complement the exhaustive coverage of kinetics for all material classes." –Prof. Rainer Hebert, University of Connecticut "Prof. Readey gives a grand tour of the kinetics of materials suitable for experimentalists and modellers.... In an easy-to-read and entertaining style, this book leads the reader to fundamental, model-based understanding of kinetic processes critical to development, fabrication and application of commercially-important soft (polymers, biomaterials), hard (ceramics, metals) and composite materials. It is a must-have for anyone who really wants to understand how to make materials and how they will behave in service." --Prof. Bill Lee, Imperial College London, Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering "A much needed text filing the gap between an introductory course in materials science and advanced materials-specific kinetics courses. Ideal for the undergraduate interested in an in-depth study of kinetics in materials." –Prof. Mark E. Eberhart, Colorado School of Mines This book provides an in-depth introduction to the most important kinetic concepts in materials science, engineering, and processing. All types of materials are addressed, including metals, ceramics, polymers, electronic materials, biomaterials, and composites. The expert author with decades of teaching and practical experience gives a lively and accessible overview, explaining the principles that determine how long it takes to change material properties and make new and better materials. The chapters cover a broad range of topics extending from the heat treatment of steels, the processing of silicon integrated microchips, and the production of cement, to the movement of drugs through the human body. The author explicitly avoids "black box" equations, providing derivations with clear explanations.
Impurities in Engineering Materials by Clyde Briant Pdf
Provides a state-of-the-art account of the various effects of impurities on the properties of engineering alloys. Outlines a wide range of methods for producing cleaner alloys. Traces the technological advances that allow the economical manufacture of purer materials.
Grain Boundary Segregation in Metals by Pavel Lejcek Pdf
Grain boundaries are important structural components of polycrystalline materials used in the vast majority of technical applications. Because grain boundaries form a continuous network throughout such materials, their properties may limit their practical use. One of the serious phenomena which evoke these limitations is the grain boundary segregation of impurities. It results in the loss of grain boundary cohesion and consequently, in brittle fracture of the materials. The current book deals with fundamentals of grain boundary segregation in metallic materials and its relationship to the grain boundary structure, classification and other materials properties.
Nanocrystalline Metals and Oxides by Philippe Knauth,Joop Schoonman Pdf
Nanostructured materials have at least one dimension in the nanometer range. They became a very active research area in solid state physics and chemistry in recent years with anticipated applications in various domains, including solar cells, electronics, batteries and sensors. Nanocrystalline metals and oxides are dense polycrystalline solids with a mean grain size below 100 nm. This book is intended to give an overview on selected properties and applications of nanocrystalline metals and oxides by leading experts in the field. The first three chapters provide a very complete theoretical treatment of thermodynamics and atom/ion transport for nanocrystalline materials. The following chapters are experts' views on the development of experimental characterization techniques for nanocrystalline solids with emphasis on electroceramic materials. Nanocrystalline Metals and Oxides is intended for a broad range of readers, foremost chemists, physicists and materials scientists. Theoretical physicists and chemists will certainly also profit from this book. The electroceramics and solid state ionics community are particularly addressed, given the main interests of the editors.
J. J. Spivey,Mayank Gupta,James J. Spivey,Yi-Fan Han
Author : J. J. Spivey,Mayank Gupta,James J. Spivey,Yi-Fan Han Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry Page : 371 pages File Size : 49,7 Mb Release : 2012 Category : Reference ISBN : 9781849733755
Catalysis by J. J. Spivey,Mayank Gupta,James J. Spivey,Yi-Fan Han Pdf
There is an increasing need to find cost-effective and environmentally sound methods of converting natural resources into fuels, chemicals and energy; catalysts are pivotal to such processes. Catalysis highlights major developments in this area. Coverage of this Specialist Periodical Report includes all major areas of heterogeneous catalysis. n each volume, specific areas of current interest are reviewed. Examples of topics include experimental methods, acid/base catalysis, materials synthesis, environmental catalysis, and syngas conversion.
Radiotracer Studies of Interfaces by G. Horanyi Pdf
Radiotracer Studies of Interfaces presents a selection of examples illustrating the application of radiotracer studies for different types of interfaces. The value of radiotracer studies in fields such as food chemistry, corrosion of metals, neurochemistry, biology and catalysis is revealed. Separate chapters are devoted to the environmental problems connected with nuclear reactors and with the nuclear industry in general. The book also presents efforts to minimize and avoid the risk of radioactive contamination in the environment by describing new approaches to the problem. Demonstrates the use of radiotracers Contains a detailed discussion of double-layer phenomena Separate chapters are devoted to the most important branches of science where radiotracer study of interfacial phenomena plays an important role
The book is a multi-author survey (in 15 chapters) of the current state of knowledge and recent developments in our understanding of oxide surfaces. The author list includes most of the acknowledged world experts in this field. The material covered includes fundamental theory and experimental studies of the geometrical, vibrational and electronic structure of such surfaces, but with a special emphasis on the chemical properties and associated reactivity. The main focus is on metal oxides but coverage extends from 'simple' rocksalt materials such as MgO through to complex transition metal oxides with different valencies.
Novel Approaches to Improving High Temperature Corrosion Resistance by M Schütze,W Quadakkers Pdf
High-temperature corrosion is a major problem affecting sectors such as the power generation, aerospace and metal-working industries. This important book summarises a wide range of research on ways of dealing with this important problem. The first part of the book reviews ways of modifying alloys to improve high-temperature corrosion resistance. The second part discusses surface treatments such as pre-treatments and coatings. The third part of the book summarises research on testing for high-temperature corrosion resistance and the development of common testing standards. It also reviews research on the behaviour of alloys in a wide range of service conditions such as furnace and boiler environments. The final part of the book discusses ways of modelling high-temperature corrosion processes to improve material performance and service life. With its distinguished editors and team of contributors drawn from some of the leading centres of research in the field, Novel approaches to improving high-temperature corrosion resistance is a standard reference for all those studying and dealing with high-temperature corrosion. Summarises a wide range of research on ways of dealing with high-temperature corrosion Discusses ways of modelling high-temperature corrosion processes to improve material performance and service life A standard reference for all those studying and dealing with high-temperature corrosion
The Continuous Casting 2000 symposium maintains the tradition established in 1976 of holding regular events. This millennium event, however, is the first international meeting of the series. The aim is to highlight the importance of continuous casting - of aluminum, copper and magnesium - to the international fabricating industry, focusing on technological advances in all the sectors that are important for the manufacture of high quality continuous cast products.
