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Survivability under Overheating by Afroditi Synnefa,Shamila Haddad,Priya Rajagopalan,Matthaios Santamouris Pdf
The present book discusses three significant challenges of the built environment, namely regional and global climate change, vulnerability, and survivability under the changing climate. Synergies between local climate change, energy consumption of buildings and energy poverty, and health risks highlight the necessity to develop mitigation strategies to counterbalance overheating impacts. The studies presented here assess the underlying issues related to urban overheating. Further, the impacts of temperature extremes on the low-income population and increased morbidity and mortality have been discussed. The increasing intensity, duration, and frequency of heatwaves due to human-caused climate change is shown to affect underserved populations. Thus, housing policies on resident exposure to intra-urban heat have been assessed. Finally, opportunities to mitigate urban overheating have been proposed and discussed.
Survivability Under Overheating by Afroditi Synnefa,Shamila Haddad,Priya Rajagopalan,Matthaios Santamouris Pdf
The present book discusses three significant challenges of the built environment, namely regional and global climate change, vulnerability, and survivability under the changing climate. Synergies between local climate change, energy consumption of buildings and energy poverty, and health risks highlight the necessity to develop mitigation strategies to counterbalance overheating impacts. The studies presented here assess the underlying issues related to urban overheating. Further, the impacts of temperature extremes on the low-income population and increased morbidity and mortality have been discussed. The increasing intensity, duration, and frequency of heatwaves due to human-caused climate change is shown to affect underserved populations. Thus, housing policies on resident exposure to intra-urban heat have been assessed. Finally, opportunities to mitigate urban overheating have been proposed and discussed.
Proceedings Of The 19th Annual Meeting Of The Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (Aogs 2022) by Shie-yui Liong,Masaki Satoh Pdf
The 19th Annual Meeting of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS 2022) was held from 1st to 5th August 2022. This proceedings volume includes selected extended abstracts from a challenging array of presentations at this conference. The AOGS Annual Meeting is a leading venue for professional interaction among researchers and practitioners, covering diverse disciplines of geosciences.
Advances in Plant Physiology (Vol. 9) by A. Hmantaranjan Pdf
The configuration of Volume 9 of the International Treatise Series has been done absolutely due to commendable contributions from World Scientists of eminence in unambiguous fields. Amazingly, within the time span of nine years, now this treatise has been duly recognized through 151 Web of Knowledge Current Contorts in - the hearts of distinguished readers and has beyond doubt achieved the international status. This programme has been undertaken with a view to reinforce the identical efforts to recognize the outcome of meticulous research in some of the very sensible and stirring areas of Molecular Physiology & Biology of Plants. In order to sustain and further advance Plant Physiology, it is dedicated to continue the originality and the introduction of spanking new ideas, ensure that the treatise welcomes the best science done across the full extent of modern plant biology, in general, and plant physiology., in particular, persevere on advancing the quality of what is published, place high value on the quality of production, and be highly attentive and responsive to the rapidly changing face of academic publishing. In spite of handiness of quick accessibility of vast literature from internet, this treatise series in the field of life sciences has been realized over and above to be like a true guide, friend and philosopher, everlastingly enlightening the most hidden perceptible nerves of an individual worker, which is beyond the competence of mere web service. In Volume 9. with inventive applied research, attempts have been made to bring together much needed twenty review articles by Forty-six contributors from Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, India, Italy and Spain dispersed duly evaluated by the respective Consulting Editors of international stature from India, U.K.:4„ U.S.A., Argentina. Australia, France, Germany, Japan, Spain. Portugal, Israel, and Morocco and rationally disseminated in Nine Sections. Creditably in this volume, over ten important reviews belong to the field of Environmental Stresses besides covering significant areas of research. In reality the treatise is prosperity fir interdisciplinary exchange of information. Apart from fulfilling the firm need of this kind of exclusive edition in different volumes for research teams and scientists engaged in various facets of research in Molecular Physiology and Biology of Plants in traditional and agricultural universities, institutes and research laboratories throughout the world, it would be extremely a constructive book and a voluminous reference material for acquiring advanced knowledge by post-graduate and Ph.D. scholars in response to the innovative courses in Plant Physiology, Plant Biochemistry, Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences, Plant Pathology, Microbiology, Soil Science & Agricultural chemistry, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Botany.
Routledge Handbook of Resilient Thermal Comfort by Fergus Nicol,Hom Bahadur Rijal,Susan Roaf Pdf
This book brings together some of the finest academics in the field to address important questions around the way in which people experience their physical environments, including temperature, light, air-quality, acoustics and so forth. It is of importance not only to the comfort people feel indoors, but also the success of any building as an environment for its stated purpose. The way in which comfort is produced and perceived has a profound effect on the energy use of a building and its resilience to the increasing dangers posed by extreme weather events, and power outages caused by climate change. Research on thermal comfort is particularly important not only for the health and well-being of occupants but because energy used for temperature control is responsible for a large part of the total energy budget of the built environment. In recent years there has been an increasing focus on the vulnerabilities of the thermal comfort system; how and why are buildings failing to provide safe and agreeable thermal environments at an affordable price? Achieving comfort in buildings is a complex subject that involves physics, behaviour, physiology, energy conservation, climate change, and of course architecture and urban design. Bringing together the related disciplines in one volume lays strong, multi-disciplinary foundations for new research and design directions for resilient 21st century architecture. This book heralds workable solutions and emerging directions for key fields in building the resilience of households, organisations and populations in a heating world.
Bioclimatic Approaches in Urban and Building Design by Giacomo Chiesa Pdf
This book explores the bioclimatic approach to building design. Constant innovations in the field are evident, including the need to face climate changes and increase the local resilience at different scales (regional, urban, architectural). Differently from other contributions, this book provides a definition of the bioclimatic design approach following a technological and performance-driven vision. It includes one of the largest collection of research voices on the topic, becoming also a critical reference work for bioclimatic theory. It is intended for architects, engineers, researchers, and technicians who have professional and research interests in bioclimatic and in sustainable and technological design issues.
Urban Overheating - Progress on Mitigation Science and Engineering Applications by Michele Zinzi,Matheos Santamouris Pdf
The combination of global warming and urban sprawl is the origin of the most hazardous climate change effect detected at urban level: Urban Heat Island, representing the urban overheating respect to the countryside surrounding the city. This book includes 18 papers representing the state of the art of detection, assessment mitigation and adaption to urban overheating. Advanced methods, strategies and technologies are here analyzed including relevant issues as: the role of urban materials and fabrics on urban climate and their potential mitigation, the impact of greenery and vegetation to reduce urban temperatures and improve the thermal comfort, the role the urban geometry in the air temperature rise, the use of satellite and ground data to assess and quantify the urban overheating and develop mitigation solutions, calculation methods and application to predict and assess mitigation scenarios. The outcomes of the book are thus relevant for a wide multidisciplinary audience, including: environmental scientists and engineers, architect and urban planners, policy makers and students.
Building Better - Less - Different: Clean Energy Transition and Digital Transformation by Felix Heisel,Dirk E. Hebel Pdf
Sustainability Sustainability is to become the guiding principle of social action and economic activity. At the same time, its ways and means are far from clear. As a holistic praxis, sustainability must combine technical and material as well as social, economic, ecological and also ethical strategies, which have multiple complex interactions and all too often also conflicting goals and priorities. In no other field can these be better observed, addressed and influenced than in architecture and building. "Building Better – Less – Different" Each volume of "Building Better – Less – Different" details two fundamental areas of sustainability and explores their specific dynamics and interactions. After introductory overviews, innovative methods and current developments are described and analysed in in-depth essays, international case studies and pointed commentaries. The sustainability criteria of efficiency ("better"), sufficiency ("less") and consistency ("different") form the framework for each book. What the press say about the first volume "Circular Construction and Circular Economy" "The articles, case studies and commentaries in this book make a major contribution to advancing the current discourse on implementing circular-based economic models in the building sector." Hessian Chamber of Architects, book reviews "To think of tomorrow when building today is the core message that Dirk E. Hebel and Felix Heisel want to convey to their readers. ... And they also show us how: with the help of relevant examples, grouped under the headings ‘better’, ‘less’ and ‘different’, they demonstrate concrete applications and argue that circular construction can also benefit the construction industry..." architektur aktuell Clean energy transition It has long been common knowledge that energy and sustainability are closely interlinked. And yet we are witnessing a profound shift in the sector. While the earlier focus was on improving energy efficiency and increasing the proportion of renewable energy in buildings, current energy conservation policies are supporting a broader, more holistic view. This encompasses integral approaches in which building design and construction measures form part of the energy concept from the outset, as well as accounting for grey energy in building materials and a holistic evaluation of buildings over their entire life cycle. For the energy-intensive and emission-producing building sector, climate change presents an even greater challenge than conserving resources. How can we contribute to a shift in heating strategies and employ new technologies to achieve climate-neutral heating? How can we respond to rising temperatures and the risk of increased energy consumption for cooling? Can low-tech concepts help to reduce the environmental impact of buildings over their life cycle? Shouldn’t we take greater account of the users of buildings, and do we need completely different energy supply strategies? Digital Transformation At a time of natural ubiquity of digital tools, widely adopted to streamline project delivery in architecture, the foundations have been laid for a profound transformation of the construction industry to address the climate crisis. Digital architectural design and construction methods can be used as enabling technologies for a fundamental change towards a circular construction approach with significantly reduced ecological and climate impact. This approach comprises a digital reinterpretation of natural building materials through digital construction technologies. Digital deconstruction and reuse strategies can transform the existing building stock into resources for the future. Mass customization of tailor-made building components minimizes resource consumption. Architects, in their emerging role as interdisciplinary interface and digital master builders, reunite design and making through digital craft. Finally, the book provides a glimpse into the potential future of construction, which might be characterized by fundamentally different concepts of design and materialization of our built environment, challenging current paradigms within our discipline.
Modern Inertial Sensors and Systems by AMITAVA BOSE,SOMNATH PURI,PARITOSH BANERJEE Pdf
Modern inertial sensors and systems cover more than five decades of continuous research and development involving various branches of science and engineering. Various technologies have emerged in an evolutionary manner surpassing the earlier ones in performance and reliability. The subject is still growing with proliferation in newer cost effec-tive applications, while its wider usage in aerospace systems continues. This book exposes the readers to the subject of inertial navigation, the inertial sensors and inertial systems in a unified manner while emphasizing the growth areas in emerging technologies such as micro-electromechanical inertial sensors, satellite navigation, satellite navigation integrated inertial navigation, hemispherical resonator gyro, vibrating beam accelerometer, interferometric fibre optic gyro, inertial sensor signal processing, redundant inertial systems and the quite recent emergence of cold atom interferometer based inertial sensors. The contents are imaginatively designed that will of interest to a wide spectrum of readers. The book has been written with utmost lucidity and clarity and explanations provided with a large number of illustrative figures. Besides being an ideal introduction to the principles of inertial sensors and systems for undergraduate and postgraduate students of aerospace engineering, the topics dealt with will also be of benefit to practising engineers and can assist the researchers to locate excellent references for research work. The authors have had three decades of design and application research experience in premier research institutions and have made use of their experience in giving a user-friendly shape to the book.
Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems by Peter Teunissen,Oliver Montenbruck Pdf
This Handbook presents a complete and rigorous overview of the fundamentals, methods and applications of the multidisciplinary field of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), providing an exhaustive, one-stop reference work and a state-of-the-art description of GNSS as a key technology for science and society at large. All global and regional satellite navigation systems, both those currently in operation and those under development (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS, IRNSS/NAVIC, SBAS), are examined in detail. The functional principles of receivers and antennas, as well as the advanced algorithms and models for GNSS parameter estimation, are rigorously discussed. The book covers the broad and diverse range of land, marine, air and space applications, from everyday GNSS to high-precision scientific applications and provides detailed descriptions of the most widely used GNSS format standards, covering receiver formats as well as IGS product and meta-data formats. The full coverage of the field of GNSS is presented in seven parts, from its fundamentals, through the treatment of global and regional navigation satellite systems, of receivers and antennas, and of algorithms and models, up to the broad and diverse range of applications in the areas of positioning and navigation, surveying, geodesy and geodynamics, and remote sensing and timing. Each chapter is written by international experts and amply illustrated with figures and photographs, making the book an invaluable resource for scientists, engineers, students and institutions alike.
Human Survivability in the 21st Century by Royal Society of Canada Pdf
This volume records the papers presented at the Royal Society of Canada symposium in 1998 on the theme of survivability. Topics of papers include environmental management, environmental scarcity & the ingenuity gap, the sustainability of communities, governance & social cohesion, risking human extinction, the Copernican principle & human survivability, and education & new systems for a positive 21st century.
Climate Adaptation and Resilience Across Scales by Nicholas B. Rajkovich,Seth H. Holmes Pdf
Climate Adaptation and Resilience Across Scales provides professionals with guidance on adapting the built environment to a changing climate. This edited volume brings together practitioners and researchers to discuss climate-related resilience from the building to the city scale. This book highlights North American cases that deal with issues such as climate projections, public health, adaptive capacity of vulnerable populations, and design interventions for floodplains, making the content applicable to many locations around the world. The contributors in this book discuss topics ranging from how built environment professionals respond to a changing climate, to how the building stock may need to adapt to climate change, to how resilience is currently being addressed in the design, construction, and operations communities. The purpose of this book is to provide a better understanding of climate change impacts, vulnerability, and resilience across scales of the built environment. Architects, urban designers, planners, landscape architects, and engineers will find this a useful resource for adapting buildings and cities to a changing climate.
