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Sustaining Long Run Growth And Macroeconomic Stability In Low Income Countries The Role Of Structural Transformation And Diversification Background Notes Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of Sustaining Long Run Growth And Macroeconomic Stability In Low Income Countries The Role Of Structural Transformation And Diversification Background Notes book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2014-07-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498343664
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Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2014-07-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498343688
Diversification and structural transformation play important roles in influencing the macroeconomic performance of low-income countries (LICs). Increases in income per capita at early stages of development are typically accompanied by a transformation in a country’s production and export structure. This can include diversification into new products and trading partners as well as increases in the quality of existing products.
Author : McMillan, Margaret ,Rodrik, Dani,Sepúlveda, Claudia
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2017-05-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780896292147
Author : Romina Kazandjian,Ms.Lisa Kolovich,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Monique Newiak
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2016-07-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781498367738
We show that gender inequality decreases the variety of goods countries produce and export, in particular in low-income and developing countries. We argue that this happens through at least two channels: first, gender gaps in opportunity, such as lower educational enrollment rates for girls than for boys, harm diversification by constraining the potential pool of human capital available in an economy. Second, gender gaps in the labor market impede the development of new ideas by decreasing the efficiency of the labor force. Our empirical estimates support these hypotheses, providing evidence that gender-friendly policies could help countries diversify their economies.
Author : Ararat L. Osipian
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783031388743
This book presents a theoretical and empirical investigation of sustainable economic growth in Russia. The ill-planned transition in the 1990s from planned economy to market economy resulted in a sharp decline in national production; however, Russian economic growth was evident in the 2000s and 2010s. Osipian here analyses whether Russia has potential to achieve sustainable economic growth, filling a gap between the continuous presence of volatile economic growth in Russia and the lack of scholarly literature in the field. This book considers Russia’s economic transition within the set of early, modern, classical, exogenous, and endogenous theories of economic growth. At the same time, this book considers the phenomenon of sustainable economic growth in the context of the post-Soviet transition. Such a contextualization allows for finding and highlighting certain features and processes within economic transition that were earlier neglected by the scholars, including primarily the possibility of not only recovering after economic and financial crises, but also initiating sustainable economic growth. It identifies the place and role of human capital in economic growth within the market-type post-transitional Russian economy and concludes that human capital accumulation is key for sustainable economic growth.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2016-07-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498371599
This Selected Issues paper discusses initiatives to promote export diversification and growth in Liberia. Liberia’s exports have been very concentrated in the past, but some progress in export diversification has been made in recent years, mostly in the enclave sectors. The government has launched the Liberia Agricultural Transformation Agenda (LATA) to support diversification and transformation. LATA strives to build up the agricultural sector as well as adopt a supportive industrial policy. Improving business climate and external competitiveness could play an important role in increasing export diversification in Liberia. Efficiency could also be increased through better access to markets and technology, cheaper imported inputs, as well as more competition with imports.
Author : Célestin Monga,Justin Yifu Lin
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 741 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2019-02-14
Category : Economic development
ISBN : 9780198793847
The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation addresses the economics of structural transformation around the world. It deals with major themes, which include history and context, critical issues and concepts, methodological foundations, main theoretical approaches, policy issues, some illuminating country experiences of structural transformation, and important debates on the respective roles of the market and the state in that process. The historical record provides a challenge for economists to understand the success of the rising economic powers (some of them initially considered unlikely candidates for prosperity) and the stagnation or decline of others. Five major questions emerge: DT Why has so much divergence occurred among nations of the world since the Industrial Revolution, and particularly during the 20th century? DT Why has the pattern changed recently with the emergence of a few developing economies (e.g. the multi-polar world), and can it be sustained? DT What are the key drivers, strategies, and policies, to foster structural transformation in various different country contexts and in a constantly evolving global economy? DT How could low- and middle-income countries avoid development traps and learn from past experiences whilst exploiting the new opportunities offered by the Fourth Industrial Revolution? DT What is the role of various development stakeholders and other important players in facilitating sustained economic convergence among nations? This book addresses these questions, bringing the rigor, usefulness, and multi-disciplinary scope of the Oxford Handbook series to a critical topic in economics. The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation is an essential reference work and a stimulus to new research and creativity across all branches of the social sciences.
Author : Mr.Tim Callen,Reda Cherif,Fuad Hasanov,Mr.Amgad Hegazy,Padamja Khandelwal
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2014-12-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498303231
Abstract: The economies of the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are heavily reliant on oil. Greater economic diversification would reduce their exposure to volatility and uncertainty in the global oil market, help create jobs in the private sector, increase productivity and sustainable growth, and help create the non-oil economy that will be needed in the future when oil revenues start to dwindle. The GCC countries have followed many of the standard policies that are usually thought to promote more diversified economies, including reforms to improve the business climate, the development of domestic infrastructure, financial deepening, and improvements in education. Nevertheless, success to date has been limited. This paper argues that increased diversification will require realigning incentives for firms and workers in the economies—fixing these incentives is the “missing link” in the GCC countries’ diversification strategies. At present, producing non-tradables is less risky and more profitable for firms as they can benefit from the easy availability of low-wage foreign labor and the rapid growth in government spending, while the continued availability of high-paying and secure public sector jobs discourages nationals from pursuing entrepreneurship and private sector employment. Measures to begin to address these incentive issues could include limiting and reorienting government spending, strengthening private sector competition, providing guarantees and financial support for those firms engaged in export activity, and implementing labor market reforms to make nationals more competitive for private sector employment.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2015-12-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513518879
This Selected Issues paper assesses Swaziland’s export diversification and quality. Swaziland’s export structure has experienced sizable changes over the past 15 years. The share of textile exports has halved, and the expiration of trade benefits under Africa Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) implies that the share of textile exports would decline further. Swaziland’s exports are relatively diversified with good quality index compared with its peers. However, diversification and product quality have declined in recent years, while the expiration of the access to AGOA calls for enhanced efforts in this area. Improving education and training, strengthening institutional framework, and further developing the financial market will help improve export diversification and quality upgrading.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.,International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept,International Monetary Fund. European Dept.,International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.,International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.,International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.,International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department,International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2018-01-26
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781498307598
"This guidance note highlights the unique economic characteristics and constraints facing small developing states. It provides operational guidance on Fund engagement with such countries, including on how small state characteristics might shape Fund surveillance and financial support, program design, capacity building activities, and collaboration with other institutions and donors. The note updates the previous version that was published in May 2014. It incorporates modifications resulting from Board papers and related Executive Board discussions that have taken place since the March 2013 Board papers on small states, which provided the foundations of the original guidance note. Based on these inputs, five key thematic areas (G.R.O.W.TH.) have been identified as central to the policy dialogue: • Growth and job creation. With small states experiencing relatively weak growth since the 1990s, Fund staff working on small states should ensure an explicit focus on growth in both surveillance and program-related work. • Resilience to shocks. Small states experience higher macroeconomic volatility and more frequent natural disasters. Staff should be ready to advise on how to tailor macroeconomic policies to provide greater resilience to shocks and climate change. • Overall competitiveness. Options to improve relative prices may include exchange rate adjustment (where possible) or measures supportive of internal devaluation (if not), and efforts to improve the business climate, including through regional initiatives. • Workable fiscal and debt sustainability options. With many small states having very high debt burdens, reducing debt to manageable levels requires sustained fiscal consolidation with supporting policies and structural reforms. In cases where the amount of adjustment needed to restore debt sustainability is not feasible or adequate financing is not available, debt restructuring may be needed. • Thin financial sectors. Developing deeper and more competitive, yet sound, financial sectors contributes to macroeconomic stability and enhances the effectiveness of policy interventions while strengthening competitiveness by improving business access to financial services."
Author : Dongyeol Lee,Huan Zhang
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2019-05-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498315654
Export structure is less diversified in low-income countries (LICs) and especially small states that face resource constraints and small economic size. This paper explores the potential linkages between export structure and economic growth and its volatility in LICs and small states, using a range of indices of export concentration differing in the coverage of industries. The empirical analysis finds that export diversification may promote economic growth and reduce economic volatility in these countries. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that the economic benefits of export diversification differ by country size and income level—there are bigger benefits for relatively larger and poorer countries within the group of LICs and small states.
Author : Ms.Stefania Fabrizio,Davide Furceri,Mr.Rodrigo Garcia-Verdu,Bin Grace Li,Mrs.Sandra V Lizarazo Ruiz,Ms.Marina Mendes Tavares,Mr.Futoshi Narita,Adrian Peralta-Alva
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2017-01-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475566222
Despite sustained economic growth and rapid poverty reductions, income inequality remains stubbornly high in many low-income developing countries. This pattern is a concern as high levels of inequality can impair the sustainability of growth and macroeconomic stability, thereby also limiting countries’ ability to reach the Sustainable Development Goals. This underscores the importance of understanding how policies aimed at boosting economic growth affect income inequality. Using empirical and modeling techniques, the note confirms that macro-structural policies aimed at raising growth payoffs in low-income developing countries can have important distributional consequences, with the impact dependent on both the design of reforms and on country-specific economic characteristics. While there is no one-size-fits-all recipe, the note explores how governments can address adverse distributional consequences of reforms by designing reform packages to make pro-growth policies also more inclusive.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2015-11-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513562797
This Selected Issues paper discusses the assessment of economic activity in Togo in absence of quarterly GDP series. Togo collects about 40 macroeconomic indicators monthly that span a wide range of sectors of the economy. The selection of the variables for the economic activity index is conducted by finding the combination of variables. The indicators are aggregated into an index using a methodology used by the Conference Board. Then an economic activity index is constructed that effectively replicates the historical growth rates of real GDP in Togo. The selected index minimizes the deviations between the growth rates of the indicator and actual real GDP growth over 2002–13.
Author : World Bank Group
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 561 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464814693
Global growth is projected to be slightly faster in 2020 than the post-crisis low registered last year. While growth could be stronger if reduced trade tensions lead to a sustained reduction in uncertainty, the balance of risks to the outlook is to the downside. Growth in emerging market and developing economies is also expected to remain subdued, continuing a decade of disappointing outcomes. A steep and widespread productivity growth slowdown has been underway in these economies since the global financial crisis, despite the largest, fastest, and most broad-based accumulation of debt since the 1970s. In addition, many emerging market and developing economies, including low-income countries, face the challenge of phasing out price controls that impose heavy fiscal cost and dampen investment. These circumstances add urgency to the need to implement measures to rebuild macroeconomic policy space and to undertake reforms to rekindle productivity growth. These efforts need to be supplemented by policies to promote inclusive and sustainable long-term growth and accelerate poverty alleviation. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing countries, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by these economies, whereas the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2014-07-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498342612
This note explores how characteristics of financial systems commonly observed in low income countries may shape the approach to the staff’s advice on macroprudential policy. It explores the implications of the ongoing process of financial and institutional development for the conduct of macroprudential policy in these countries. This note is a supplement to the Staff Guidance Note on Macroprudential Policy.
