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The search for a moral standard of right and wrong which is external to any particular evaluator, thus escaping subjectivity, has a long history. Jeremy Bentham, attempting to find such a standard, opted for utilitarianism, which at least provided an inter-subjective standard of right and wrong - everything else collapses into the purely subjective principle of sympathy and antipathy. The author of this book shares Bentham's views about sympathy and antipathy and shows that the principle is alive and well in legal philosophy today
Community and Society by Ferdinand Tonnies,Charles Price Loomis Pdf
One of the first major studies of sociology, this book explores the clash between small-scale neighborhood-based communities and the large-scale competitive market society. It considers all aspects of life — political, economic, legal, family, religion and culture. Discusses construction of "selfhood" and "personhood," and modes of cognition, language, and understanding.
10 lectures, Basel, September 15-24, 1912 (CW 139) Steiner tells us that Mark was especially able to reveal Christ as a cosmic being of his greatness and power, because, after having been a pupil of Peter, he moved to Alexandria during a time when Jewish philosophy and theology was at it's peak. There he absorbed the best aspects and views of pagan gnosis. Mark was able to learn how humankind came arose from the spiritual world and how the luciferic and ahrimanic forces are taken into the human soul. Mark was able to accept everything that was told to him by pagan gnosis concerning our human origin out of the cosmos when our planet came into being. But he could also see, especially from his perspective in Egypt, the strong contrast between our original human destiny and what humankind had become during his time. This lecture cycle, like the Gospel itself, is a work of art in its own right. This book is a translation of the German edition Das Markus-Evangelium (GA 139).
14 lectures, Stuttgart, August 20 - September 5, 1919 (CW 293) Although these lectures were given to teachers as preparatory material, they are by no means concerned only with education. Study of Man is Steiner's most succinct presentation of his human-centered spiritual psychology, and it is accessible to anyone genuinely interested in the questions of human existence. His approach is unique because it considers not only the influences that affect humanity from the past, but also future states of consciousness and being. Reprinted here in the original "classic" translation by A.C. Harwood and Helen Fox, these lectures were given in 1919 to the teachers of the Waldorf school in Stuttgart--the first to be based on the educational ideas of Rudolf Steiner. After eighty-five years of Waldorf education--and exponential growth around the world--this volume remains the basic study text for teachers in Steiner schools. As well as providing a basis for the work of educators, Study of Man will be of special interest to parents, counselors, psychologists, and students of Rudolf Steiner's philosophy--for whom this volume provides a fundamental picture of the human being according to the anthroposophic understanding of the world. This book is a translation of Allgemeine Menschenkunde als Grundlage der Pädagogik (GA 293), published by Rudolf Steiner Nachlassverwaltung, Dornach.
Classical Utilitarianism from Hume to Mill by F. Rosen Pdf
This book presents a new interpretation of the principle of utility in moral and political theory based on the writings of the classical utilitarians. The writings of Adam Smith, William Paley and Jeremy Bentham are also considered.
Homemaking as a Social Art by Veronika Van Duin Pdf
Today, social and economic pressures affect the traditional role of the homemaker. Emphasis is placed on the working world instead of home life, and many struggle to function in several roles at once. This increasingly hectic climate has tended to downgrade of the work of the homemaker. Taking a spiritual perspective inspired by Rudolf Steiner, Veronika van Duin suggests that homemaking needs to be undertaken consciously as an honored and valued area of work, as nothing less than a "social art." She asserts that, by elevating our regard for the homemaker, we can enjoy a happier and more contented family and home life. The author does not claim any blueprint for perfect homemaking, but offers principles and observations based on a study of the seven "life processes" and how they affect us. She addresses the significance of rhythm, relationships, artistic environment, caring, self-development, and much more in this invaluable book.
Written 1902 (CW 8) "As simultaneously mysticism and fact, Christianity is a breakthrough in the historical development of humanity, for which the mysteries, with the results that they brought about, form a prior evolutionary stage." --Rudolf Steiner During the fall and winter of 1901-02, Steiner gave a series of lectures called "Christianity as Mystical Fact" to members of the Theosophical Society. The lectures were rewritten and issued as a book later that year. They mark a watershed in the development of Western esotericism. Steiner wrote of the idea behind his book: "The title Christianity as Mystical Fact was one I gave to this work eight years ago, when I gathered together the content of lectures given in 1902. It was meant to indicate the special approach adopted in the book. Its theme is not just the mystical side of Christianity in a historical presentation. It was meant to show, from the standpoint of a mystical awareness, how Christianity came into being. "Behind this was the idea that spiritual happenings were factors in the emergence of Christianity, which could only be observed from such a point of view. It is for the book itself to demonstrate that, by 'mystical,' I do not in any way imply a vague intuition rather than strict scientific argument. In many circles, mysticism is understood as just that, and therefore it is distinguished from the concerns of all 'genuine' science. "In this book, however, I use the term to mean a 'presentation of spiritual reality'--a reality accessible only to a knowledge drawn from the sources of spiritual life itself. Anyone who denies the possibility of such knowledge in principle will find its contents hard to comprehend; any reader who accepts the idea that mysticism may coexist with the clarity of the natural sciences, may acknowledge that the mystical aspect of Christianity must be described mystically." This is a significant book--for Steiner's own development, that of Western esotericism, and our own understanding of the Christ event. Readers will find the evolutionary development from the ancient Mysteries through the great Greek philosophers to the events portrayed in the Gospels. Included are an informative introduction and annotated notes by Andrew Welburn and an afterword by Michael Debus, a priest of The Christian Community, who summarizes the book and places it in context. This book is a translation from German of Das Christentum als mystische Tatsache und die Mysterien des Altertum (GA 8). Cover image: Photo of Bordeaux Cathedral by James Nicholls.
English Texts & Contexts 1 by F. Pollock,L. Dippel Pdf
This book includes chapters dealing with the relationships between composers and responders, how to use technology to make texts, and how to effectively compose and respond to different types of text. There is a wide range of texts presented, including film, visual and electronic texts. Students will learn how to increase their understanding of language features, structures, the perspectives of composers and responders, and the way that context can affect a text.
Jungian Psychotherapy and Contemporary Infant Research by Mario Jacoby Pdf
Infant research observations and hypotheses have raised serious questions about previous mainstream psychoanalytic theories of earliest childhood development. In Jungian Psychotherapy and Contemporary Infant Research, Mario Jacoby looks at how these observations are relevant to psychotherapeutic and Jungian analytical practice. Using recent findings in infant research, along with practical examples from therapeutic practice, he shows how early emotional exchange processes, though becoming superimposed in adult life by rational control and various defenses, remain operative and become reactivated in situations of intimacy. Jungian Psychotherapy and Contemporary Infant Research will be of interest to both professionals and students involved in analytical psychology and psychotherapy.
Sexuality, Partnership and Marriage by Wolfgang Gädeke Pdf
Sexuality, partnership, and marriage present us with some of the most difficult life challenges and questions of our time. With social attitudes in constant flux, some of these questions seem almost unanswerable. What is a healthy relationship? What is the role a partner--whether male or female? What is the place of sexuality in a relationship? Are marriage and monogamy still relevant in the twenty-first century? In this invaluable collection of accessible interviews and lectures, the author deals with these and many other questions with refreshing candor. Having gained much knowledge from his many years of work as a priest, marriage counselor, and studies of Anthroposophy, Gädeke's approach is full of spiritual insight, as well as frank, practical, and down-to-earth. Some of the themes discussed are overcoming blocks to communication; finding one's essential self within a marriage; the role of children in a relationship; sexuality and children; perversions; the role of counseling; relationships and monogamy; the concept of marriage and its spiritual repercussions; biological and soul differences; and, the fundamental sexual polarity of man and woman.