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Author : Stephen Hemsley Longrigg
Publisher : Octagon Press, Limited
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Lebanon
ISBN : UOM:39076005490169
Author : Idir Ouahes
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2018-07-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781838609207
French rule over Syria and Lebanon was premised on a vision of a special French protectorate established through centuries of cultural activity: archaeological, educational and charitable. Initial French methods of organising and supervising cultural activity sought to embrace this vision and to implement it in the exploitation of antiquities, the management and promotion of cultural heritage, the organisation of education and the control of public opinion among the literate classes. However, an examination of the first five years of the League of Nations-assigned mandate, 1920-1925, reveals that French expectations of a protectorate were quickly dashed by widespread resistance to their cultural policies, not simply among Arabists but also among minority groups initially expected to be loyal to the French. The violence of imposing the mandate 'de facto', starting with a landing of French troops in the Lebanese and Syrian coast in 1919 - and followed by extension to the Syrian interior in 1920 - was met by consistent violent revolt. Examining the role of cultural institutions reveals less violent yet similarly consistent contestation of the French mandate. The political discourses emerging after World War I fostered expectations of European tutelages that prepared local peoples for autonomy and independence. Yet, even among the most Francophile of stakeholders, the unfolding of the first years of French rule brought forth entirely different events and methods. In this book, Idir Ouahes provides an in-depth analysis of the shifts in discourses, attitudes and activities unfolding in French and locally-organised institutions such as schools, museums and newspapers, revealing how local resistance put pressure on cultural activity in the early years of the French mandate.
Author : Longrigg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0906527759
Author : Philip Shukry Khoury
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 722 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2014-07-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9781400858392
Why did Syrian political life continue to be dominated by a particular urban elite even after the dramatic changes following the end of four hundred years of Ottoman rule and the imposition of French control? Philip Khoury's comprehensive work discusses this and other questions in the framework of two related conflicts--one between France and the Syrian nationalists, and the other between liberal and radical nationalism. Originally published in 1987. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Author : Charles River Editors
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1081416297
*Includes pictures *Includes a bibliography for further reading The United Nations is one of the most famous bodies in the world, and its predecessor, the League of Nations, might be equally notorious. In fact, President Woodrow Wilson's pet project was controversial from nearly the minute it was conceived. At the end of World War I, Wilson's pleas at the Paris Peace Conference relied on his Fourteen Points, which included the establishment of a League of Nations, but while his points were mostly popular amongst Americans and Europeans alike, leaders at the Peace Conference largely discarded them and favored different approaches. British leaders saw their singular aim as the maintenance of British colonial possessions. France, meanwhile, only wanted to ensure that Germany was weakened and unable to wage war again, and it too had colonial interests abroad that it hoped to maintain. Britain and France thus saw eye-to-eye, with both wanting a weaker Germany and both wanting to maintain their colonies. Although the League of Nations was short-lived and clearly failed in its primary mission, it did essentially spawn the United Nations at the end of World War II, and many of the UN's structures and organizations came straight from its predecessor, with the concepts of an International Court and a General Assembly coming straight from the League. More importantly, the failures of the League ensured that the UN was given stronger authority and enforcement mechanisms, most notably through the latter's Security Council, and while the League dissolved after a generation, the UN has survived for over 70 years. One of the League's most lasting legacies was the manner in which it handed over administrative control of land in the Middle East to the victorious Allied Powers, namely France and Britain. The Ottoman Empire quickly collapsed after World War I, and its extensive lands were divvied up between the French and British. While the French gained control of the Levant, which would later become modern day nations like Syria and Lebanon, the British were given the Mandate for Palestine. The British Mandate for Palestine gave the British control over the lands that have since become Jordan, Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. The intention of the mandate system was to have the administrators peacefully and gradually usher in independent states, and both European powers eventually attempted to withdraw from the region, but anyone with passing knowledge of the Middle East's history in the late 20th century knows that the region has seen little peace. As with the British Mandate of Palestine, the French found themselves attempting to placate various ethnicities that they only had a passing familiarity with, and the lines they drew for states like Syria and Lebanon were ultimately arbitrary. The French would completely evacuate the region in the wake of World War II, but the ramifications are still being felt today, as Syria is wracked by civil war and Lebanon's government has constantly been fragile and subject to foreign interference. The French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon: The History and Legacy of France's Administration of the Levant after World War I examines how the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon came about, what happened over the span of those 30 years, and the lasting legacy of the French administration. Along with pictures and a bibliography, you will learn about the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon like never before.
Author : Daniel Neep
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2012-09-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139536202
What role does military force play during a colonial occupation? The answer seems obvious: coercion crushes local resistance, quashes political dissent and consolidates the dominance of the occupying power. However, as this discerning and theoretically rigorous study suggests, violence can have much more ambiguous consequences. Set in Syria during the French Mandate from 1920 to 1946, the book explores a turbulent period in which conflict between armed Syrian insurgents and French military forces not only determined the strategic objectives of the colonial state, but also transformed how the colonial state organised, controlled and understood Syrian society, geography and population. In addition to the coercive techniques, the book shows how civilian technologies such as urban planning and engineering were also commandeered in the effort to undermine rebel advances. Colonial violence had a lasting effect in Syria, shaping a peculiar form of social order that endured well after the French occupation.
Author : Albert Hourani,Royal Institute of International Affairs
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1946
Category : Lebanon
ISBN : STANFORD:36105119392418
SCOTT (copy 1): From the John Holmes Library collection.
Author : Elizabeth Thompson
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2000-02-05
Category : History
ISBN : 0231505159
Thompson shows how post-WWI Syrians and Lebanese mobilized to claim the terms of citizenship enjoyed in the European metropole. Colonial Citizens highlights gender as a central battlefield upon which the relative rights and obligations of states and citizens were established.
Author : Foreign Policy Association
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 22 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1925
Category : Mandates
ISBN : STANFORD:36105024453305
Author : Götz Nordbruch
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2009-01-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781134105595
The increasingly vibrant political culture emerging in Lebanon and Syria in the 1930s and early 1940s is key to the understanding of local approaches towards the Nazi German regime. For many contemporary observers in Beirut and Damascus, Nazism not only posed a risk to Europe, but threatened to take root in Arab societies as well. In the first publication to reconstruct Lebanese and Syrian encounters with Nazism in the context of an evolving local political culture and to base its analysis on a comprehensive review of Arab, French and German sources, Götz Nordbruch examines the reactions to the rise of Nazism in the countries under French mandate, spanning from fascination and endorsement to the creation of antifascist networks. Against a background of public discourses, local politics and the shifting regional and international settings, this book interprets public assessments of and contact with the Nazi regime as part of an intellectual quest for orientation in the years between the break-up of the Ottoman Empire and national independence.
Author : Youssef M. Choueiri
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Lebanon
ISBN : UCAL:B4509005
This text traces the social and political development of Syria and Lebanon from the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire to the present day. Written by a number of specialists and scholars, it offers a comparative study by means of concentration on major turning-points in the modern history of both countries. The book opens with the foundation of the first modern Arab government in 1919 and ends with an analysis of the Syrian-Lebanese co-operation treaty. Based on new research data and offering original approaches, the book should be a useful addition to literature on both Lebanon and Syria.
Author : Daniel Neep
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2012-09-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107000063
1. Rethinking colinial violence 2. The architecture of the colonial state 3. Political rationalities of violence 4. Time, science and space 5. Rebel movements and the great revolt 6. Urban planning, hygiene and counter-insurgency 7. Nomad space: securing the desert.
Author : Peter A. Shambrook
Publisher : Garnet & Ithaca Press
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015062114767
The author offers an account of French imperial policy during 1927 and 1936 and beyond.
Author : Benjamin Thomas White
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2012-09-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780748688937
This book uses a study of Syria under the French mandate to show what historical developments led people to start describing themselves and others as 'minorities'.
Author : William I. Shorrock
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015005393908
