Syria The United States And The War On Terror In The Middle East

Author : Robert G. Rabil
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2006-02-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780313071898

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Syria, the United States, and the War on Terror in the Middle East by Robert G. Rabil Pdf

Ever since Syria won its independence from France in 1946, it has been a crucial player in Middle Eastern politics. Over the years, relations between the United States and Syria have fluctuated as Washington has tried to balance its commitment to Israel's security with its support for Arab regimes in order to protect vital and strategic interests in the Arab world. The Arab-Israeli conflict is, however. no longer the only focal point of the relationship. Now, terrorism has entered the fray. On the State Department's terrorism list since 1979, Syria became even more persona non grata as far as Washington was concerned when Damascus vocally opposed the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003. The American war in Iraq, occupation, and promotion of democracy throughout the Middle East pose a strong challenge to the Syrian regime. The new Syrian leadership, in power only since 2000, faces immense challenges—protecting Syria's regional status and surviving internal and external threats. Against this background, Syria and the United States have set themselves on a collision course over terrorism, arms proliferation, Lebanon, the Middle East peace process, and Iraq. Syria is, nevertheless, extremely important to the United States, because it can be a force for either stability or instability in an extremely volatile region. Recent events have put the spotlight on Syria's policies and actions. After the assassination of a Lebanese politician, protests in Lebanon led to the withdrawal of Syrian troops. While the withdrawal averted an immediate threat of bloodshed, the Bush administration accused Syria of being a source of instability in the Middle East, with Secretary of State Rice charging that Syria was still active in Lebanon and was supporting foreign terrorists fueling the insurgency in Iraq. The U.S.-Syrian relationship is of critical importance to the United States' efforts to promote democracy throughout the Middle East. At the same time, the United States has been pressuring Syria to clamp down on terrorism within its own borders. Rabil provides a history of the modern U.S.-Syrian relationship, putting the latest events in the context of this contemporary history, and placing the relationship in the context of Middle Eastern politics.

Author : Robert Barry Satloff
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105110293409

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War on Terror by Robert Barry Satloff Pdf

The attacks of September 11 were transformative events, both in how Americans view their own sense of security and in how America engages with the world. Although the initial battle in the U.S.-led war against terror has been fought in central and south Asia, the principles behind that campaign have special resonance in the Middle East. This region is home to organizations which share both ideology and methodology with the perpetrators of the September 11 terrorist attacks. In addition, many aspects of the threat to U.S. interests are particular to the region: the frightening spread of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery; the ongoing challenge to the international system posed by Iraq; and, perhaps most of all, the reluctance that many U.S. allies in the region exhibit to confront their own religious militants. In this volume, key U.S. and Middle East decision makers, academics, and journalists discuss important themes such as the common interests of regional states in cooperating against terrorism, the different strategies adopted by regimes in confronting their Islamist challenges, the impact of September 11 events on the Israeli-Palestinian arena, the problems and prospects of maintaining the antiterror coalition, and the role of democracy as an antidote to the regions ills.

Author : Layla Saleh
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2016-10-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781315513003

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US Hard Power in the Arab World by Layla Saleh Pdf

Neither stability nor change in the post-colonial Arab world can be fully understood without considering the international context, and American Foreign policy in particular. However, the exact nature of America’s presence in the Arab world, and the scope and modes of its influence, all appear to have reached a crossroads since the Arab uprisings. ‘US Hard Power in the Arab World’ traces the US’s "power of persuasion" in the Arab Middle East from the onset of the War on Terror in 2001 through to the Arab Spring. With a particular focus on Syria, the book explores the limits of an American "smart power" amid the emergence of a growing indigenous "soft power" whose ire is directed not only at Assad’s regime, but also at the violence perpetrated or enabled by the international community, headed by the US. It is argued that the blurring of the two forms of "soft" and "hard" American power has tarnished the credibility of US policies geared to win hearts and minds in the Arab world. ‘US Hard Power in the Arab World’ narrates the contests between attraction and intimidation, public diplomacy and military occupation, elites and publics, seduction and resistance. Drawing upon a multitude of primary sources, including personal interviews with Syrian activists and opposition figures, this book will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of Middle East Politics, as well as those concerned with American Foreign Policy and the Arab Spring.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Political Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105063345875

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U.S. Policy Toward Syria and the Syria Accountability Act by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia Pdf

Author : Radwan Ziadeh
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780857719157

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Power and Policy in Syria by Radwan Ziadeh Pdf

As Bashar al-Asad rescinds emergency rule in the face of demonstrations and protests, Syria finds itself in a key position in a Middle East beset by regional tensions, the repercussions of the global 'war on terror' and popular uprisings. The bloodless coup by General Hafez al-Assad, in 1970, put in place a powerful autocratic machinery at the core of the state which continues till today under the control of his son Bashar. Here Radwan Ziadeh presents a fresh and penetrating analysis of Syria's political structure - a 'despotic' state monopoly, a bureaucratic climate marked by fear, and the administrative structure through which centralized control is exercised. With a focus on Syria's intelligence services which have significant influence in legal and policy decisions, and the conditions and patterns of foreign policy decision-making, particularly vis-a-vis the US, 'Power and Policy in Syria' is essential reading for all those interested in Syria, the modern Middle East, International Relations and Security Studies.

Author : Washington's Blog,Wayne Madsen,Syrian Girl Partisan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2016-10-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1615771522

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Isis Is Us by Washington's Blog,Wayne Madsen,Syrian Girl Partisan Pdf

Ever wonder why we are losing the war on terror? Or how Russia took out more ISIS targets in two days than the US coalition did in two years? ISIS is us tells what's really behind the rise of ISIS. Why the mess in the Middle East is no failure, it's the result of a "divide and chaos" policy. A panel of authors tells the incredible story with impeccable references. Strategy, motive, historical background, it's all here. You'll see why the wars on Iraq, Libya, and Syria were not for democracy, but to break them into quarreling mini-states: divide and rule.

Author : Fawaz A. Gerges
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9780691211916

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ISIS by Fawaz A. Gerges Pdf

An authoritative introduction to ISIS—now expanded and revised to bring events up to the present The Islamic State stunned the world with its savagery, destructiveness, and military and recruiting successes. However, its most striking and distinctive characteristic was its capacity to build governing institutions and a theologically grounded national identity. What explains the rise of ISIS and the caliphate, and what does it portend for the future of the Middle East? In this book, one of the world’s leading authorities on political Islam and jihadism sheds new light on these questions. Moving beyond journalistic accounts, Fawaz Gerges provides a clear and compelling explanation of the deeper conditions that fuel ISIS. This new edition brings the story of ISIS to the present, covering key events—from the military defeat of its territorial state to the death of its leader al-Baghdadi—and analyzing how the ongoing Syrian, Iraqi, and Saudi-Iranian conflict could lead to ISIS’s revival.

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Group identity
ISBN : STANFORD:36105050685150

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Syria Spillover by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations Pdf

Author : Christopher Phillips (Lecturer in international relations of the Middle East)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Syria
ISBN : OCLC:1335731918

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The Battle for Syria by Christopher Phillips (Lecturer in international relations of the Middle East) Pdf

"Most accounts of Syria's brutal, long-lasting civil war focus on a domestic contest that began in 2011 and only later drew foreign nations into the escalating violence. Christopher Phillips argues instead that the international dimension was never secondary but that Syria's war was, from the very start, profoundly influenced by regional factors, particularly the vacuum created by a perceived decline of U.S. power in the Middle East. This precipitated a new regional order in which six external protagonists--the United States, Russia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Qatar--have violently competed for influence, with Syria a key battleground. Drawing on a plethora of original interviews, Phillips constructs a new narrative of Syria's war. Without absolving the brutal Bashar al-Assad regime, the author untangles the key external factors which explain the acceleration and endurance of the conflict, including the West's strategy against ISIS. He concludes with some insights on Syria and the region's future"--

Author : Mattia Toaldo
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781136166808

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The Origins of the US War on Terror by Mattia Toaldo Pdf

The war on terror did not start after 9/11, rather its origins must be traced back much further to the Reagan administration and the 1980s. Utilizing recently declassified archival resources, Toaldo offers an in-depth analysis of how ideas and threat perceptions were shaped both by traditional US policy in the Middle East during the Cold War and by the cooperation with the Israeli right. The book examines two case studies of American intervention in the region and of its reactions to terrorism: Lebanon between 1982 and 1984 and Libya from 1981 to 1986. The first encounter with Hizbullah and the ‘pre-emptive strike’ against Qadhafi are analyzed in light of the recently released sources. Tracing foreign policy thinking developed by Reagan officials and Israeli intellectuals and leaders, the work demonstrates the significant impact this thinking had on US foreign policy after 9-11: ideas such as pre-emptive strikes, regime change and state-sponsorship were elaborated in the Reagan years and would later influence Bush’s Global War on Terror. The book will be of great interest to scholars of US Foreign Policy, Middle East studies and American history.

Author : W. Andrew Terrill,Strategic Studies Institute,U. S. Army War College
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Reference
ISBN : 1329784421

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Arab Threat Perceptions and the Future of the U.S. Military Presence in the Middle East by W. Andrew Terrill,Strategic Studies Institute,U. S. Army War College Pdf

"The threat perceptions of many Arab states aligned with the United States have changed significantly as a result of such dramatic events as the 2011 U.S. military withdrawal from Iraq, the emergence and then fading of the Arab Spring, the rise of Iranian power and Tehran's nuclear agreement with key world powers, the Egyptian revolution and counterrevolution, and the development of civil wars in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Libya. There have also been some notable differences that have developed between the United States and its Arab allies over how to address these issues and most especially Iranian regional ambitions. This report considers ways in which the United States might react to these events with a specific focus on military coordination and support to friendly Arab countries. It notes that a variety of U.S. officials remain intensely committed to a strong effort to work with Arab allies and to convince them that the United States will not abandon them or downgrade the importance of their security concerns"--Publisher's web site.

Author : Yossef Bodansky
Publisher : Prima Lifestyles
Page : 680 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015055832649

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The High Cost of Peace by Yossef Bodansky Pdf

Since the Gulf War, three U.S. administrations have tried desperately to negotiate peace between the Israelis and the Palestinians. Crafted through a series of policy missteps, the tenuous accords have done little except leave Israel compromised and vulnerable while drawing the ire of militant Islamists--culminating in the catastrophic show of force against the West via terrorist attacks on American soil and renewed violence in the West Bank and elsewhere in the Middle East. In "The High Cost of Peace, terrorism expert Yossef Bodansky uncovers the bitter legacy of a peace process that has cost tens of thousands of lives, emboldened such outlaw countries as Iran and Iraq, enriched Arab militaries with billions of U.S. dollars, and mobilized an underground network of terror cells around the globe. He reveals in engrossing detail the political undercurrents and secret deals that have shaped and destabilized the region, the confluence of events leading up to September 11, and the inside story of a dangerous quest for peace that has led to a war unlike any the Middle East has seen before--the details of which rarely make the anti-Israeli-tinged evening news. You will discover: -Why Arafat said in 1972 of the Palestinian aggression against Israel, "Peace for us means the destruction of Israel and nothing else" -How President Clinton's zeal for peace was motivated by his desire to divert national attention away from his domestic scandals, and why his administration completely ignored the growing threat of militant Islamism -What secret preparations and military build-up Saddam Hussein ordered for the next war with, and terrorist strikes against, the United States and Israel -And many more shocking revelations At the heart of the failed peace negotiations is the utopian notion that Israel's militant enemies even want peace. This book proves once and for all how the United States is put in perpetual danger of terrorist attack because of its repeated blunders in dealing with the Arab world and the vital contributions of Israel--America's staunchest ally in this turbulent region--to U.S. security interests. Meanwhile, as many Arab leaders play to American and European news cameras with empty promises of peace, they are secretly conspiring with terrorists to fulfill their ultimate goal: the complete annihilation of the Israeli state.

Author : Charles Glass
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : History
ISBN : 1939293898

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Syria Burning by Charles Glass Pdf

Author : Patrick Tyler
Publisher : Macmillan
Page : 646 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : History
ISBN : 0374292892

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A World of Trouble by Patrick Tyler Pdf

Evaluating the ways in which the United States's relationship with the Middle East influences foreign policy, a historical analysis of America's presence in the region traces the positive and negative efforts by presidents from Eisenhower to George W. Bush.

Author : Charles Lister
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-10-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1695628616

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Winning the Battle, Losing the War by Charles Lister Pdf

Since launching the so-called "War on Terror" in the aftermath of the attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States has become adept at militarily quashing perceived terrorist threats. The U.S. homeland has arguably never been safer than it is today, and al-Qaeda's leadership has been forced into hiding, operating as a shadow of its former self. However, the onset of crippling instability that hit swathes of the Middle East and North Africa beginning in 2010 and 2011 created conditions in which terrorist organizations have not only recovered, but thrived. The dramatic growth of ISIS in Iraq and Syria in 2014 represented the emergence of the world's most powerful terrorist organization and facilitated its expansion across all corners of the world. Faced with new competition, al-Qaeda affiliates adapted, often experimenting with new modes of operation. Iran, meanwhile, empowered by its Lebanese proxy Hezbollah, has developed extensive militant networks in the region, transforming power dynamics in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen. In the midst of this chaotic environment, in which terrorist threats have multiplied and diversified, the U.S. and its allies have won a great many battles, but are still losing the war.