Technical Guidelines On Rapid Risk Assessment For Animal Health Threats

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03-23
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9789251339213

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Technical guidelines on rapid risk assessment for animal health threats by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

The occurrence and spread of an animal health threat can be prevented when a timely assessment of the risk is carried out to inform prevention, response and control measures. These technical guidelines on rapid risk assessment (RRA) are designed as a simple and practical tool to be used by veterinary services to build risk assessment capacities and assist decision-makers in conducting qualitative RRA on the emergence, occurrence and/or spread of animal health threats. Using available evidence, data and information, a multidisciplinary team can conduct an RRA in a short time (within two weeks). The publication provides a simple and flexible methodology for conducting a RRA when facing a disease event. Eight steps in the RRA process are described and detailed examples are provided. The final outcomes of the RRA provide robust evidence and guidance for decision-makers in designing timely prevention, control and eradication measures that contribute to sustainable livelihoods, animal health, public health and enhanced food security.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,World Health Organization,United Nations Environment Programme,World Organisation for Animal Health
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251369579

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One Health Joint Plan of Action, 2022–2026 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,World Health Organization,United Nations Environment Programme,World Organisation for Animal Health Pdf

Following the 27th Tripartite Annual Executive Meeting, the FAO Programme Committee in its 130th session, March 2021, requested the joint development, by the Tripartite (FAO/WHO/WOAH) and others, of a strategy and action plan to prevent future zoonotic pandemics through the One Health approach. The One Health Joint Plan of Action (OH JPA) is intended to guide the four organizations of the Quadripartite to work together on One Health with the aim of supporting their Members to build One Health capacities. It provides a framework for action and proposes a set of activities that the four organizations can offer together to enable countries to advance and scale up One Health in managing human, animal, plant and environment health threats. The framework uses a One Health approach to strengthen collaboration, communication, advocacy, and coordination equally across all sectors responsible for addressing health concerns at the human-animal-plant-environment interface.

Author : McLaws, M., Ahmadi, B.V., Condoleo, R., Limon, G., Kamata, A., Arshed, M., Rozstalnyy, A., Rosso, F., Dhingra, M.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2023-10-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251382639

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Risk of foot-and-mouth disease SAT2 introduction and spread in countries in the Near East and West Eurasia by McLaws, M., Ahmadi, B.V., Condoleo, R., Limon, G., Kamata, A., Arshed, M., Rozstalnyy, A., Rosso, F., Dhingra, M. Pdf

Following the detection of foot-and-mouth disease serotype SAT2 (FMD SAT2) in West Eurasia and the Near East in February 2023, a qualitative risk assessment was conducted. Serotype SAT2 usually circulates only in Africa, and so most animals in the region are fully susceptible to infection by this virus. The likelihood of spread of the FMD SAT2 to unaffected countries via key risk pathways and the potential consequences of the FMD SAT2 incursion in the region were described and assessed. Plausible pathways for the introduction of FMD SAT2 were identified for most countries. Informal movements of live animals and common grazing are the pathways of greatest concern because direct live animal contact is a very effective mode of FMD transmission, especially in the absence of sanitary measures. The large increase of animal movements associated with festivals such as Eid al-Adha, as well as seasonal grazing movements, increase the probability of FMD spread. An incursion of FMD SAT2 would result in a substantial negative impact, with the production losses and cost of control measures estimated at USD 3.6–6.5 billion, depending on the extent of spread within the region. Outbreaks of FMD also have a negative impact on food and nutrition security, economy, labour markets, and the livelihoods of most vulnerable people. To mitigate the risks of FMD SAT2, all countries should have an emergency response plan for FMD that is realistic for the country and supported with adequate resources for implementation. A comprehensive list of preventive measures, including strengthened biosecurity and vaccination, is available in this document.

Author : Rozstalnyy, A., Roche, X., TagoPacheco, D., Kamata, A., BeltranAlcrudo, D., Khomenko, S., Lockhart, C., Urdaz, J., Gioia, G., Gonzalez Serrano, A., VonDobschuetz, S., Dhingra, M., Sumption, K.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2022-02-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251358115

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Qualitative risk assessment for African swine fever virus introduction by Rozstalnyy, A., Roche, X., TagoPacheco, D., Kamata, A., BeltranAlcrudo, D., Khomenko, S., Lockhart, C., Urdaz, J., Gioia, G., Gonzalez Serrano, A., VonDobschuetz, S., Dhingra, M., Sumption, K. Pdf

Following the re-introduction of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) in the Americas after 40 years of absence, FAO conducted a qualitative risk assessment for the likelihood of entry of ASF from the Dominican Republic and Haiti to unaffected countries and territories of the Americas and the likelihood of exposure to susceptible animal populations should the disease be introduced. In addition, the potential economic and social impact of ASFV spreading across the continent was assessed. The risk assessment covers the period of December 2021 to February 2022 and considered six risk pathways of introduction and spread. The methodology, information used and results of the risk assessment and economic impact assessment are available in this publication along with recommendations for prevention and control of ASFV introduction and spread in the region. In addition, the publication compiles information collected from 35 countries/territories in the Americas through a questionnaire and presents evidence on the complex swine/pork value chains in the region retrieved from various sources.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Boes, J,Boettcher, P,Honkatukia, M
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2023-01-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789251372975

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Innovations in cryoconservation of animal genetic resources by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Boes, J,Boettcher, P,Honkatukia, M Pdf

The livestock sector faces a range of challenges, including climate change, emerging diseases, competition for natural resources and evolving demand for animal-source foods, which is increasing globally, especially in developing countries. Genetic diversity of livestock is a key resource for allowing livestock keepers to address these challenges, but this diversity has been in a state of decline. The diminishing genetic diversity thus represents yet another obstacle for sustainable livestock production. Cryoconservation (i.e. ex situ – in vitro conservation) of genetic resources through gene banking provides one of the most powerful tools governments and other stakeholders have to manage genetic diversity in both the short and long term and thereby provide future generations with the tools to meet the challenges ahead. Gene banking genetic resources fits within the context of the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources, which was developed and adopted by FAO Member Nations. Specifically, Strategic Priority 9 of the Global Plan of Action is “Establish or strengthen ex situ conservation programmes” and Strategic Priority 11 urges countries to “Develop approaches and technical standards for conservation. To assist countries in the implementation the Global Plan of Action, FAO worked with experts from around the world to prepare technical guidelines. In 2012 FAO published FAO Guidelines on Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources.Gene banking is a long-term effort that needs to be viewed in terms of decades rather than years, as demonstrated by similar systems for agricultural crops. The responsibility for establishing such resources lies squarely within governments’ roles of providing public goods and food security. Gene banking of animal genetic resources is a technology-intense undertaking and the associated technologies are in a continual state of research and development. The livestock sector also continues to evolve rapidly. Since the development and release of the previous guidelines, numerous changes have taken place. Critical among these is a greater appreciation of the opportunities for actively utilizing cryopreserved material to enhance management of in vivo populations, rather than as simply an “insurance policy” to protect breeds against extinction.This key development has led to further changes in gene bank management. First, interaction with users of the stored material has increased. This in turn has created a need to involve stakeholders more closely in the management of genetic collections and to better monitor and document the processes of gene banking to ensure quality management.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Ajmone-Marsan, P,Boettcher, P. J.,Ginja, C., Kantanen J., Lenstra, J.A
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2023-01-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251372982

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Genomic characterization of animal genetic resources by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Ajmone-Marsan, P,Boettcher, P. J.,Ginja, C., Kantanen J., Lenstra, J.A Pdf

Molecular biotechnologies have developed rapidly and substantially since the release of these previous guidelines. The livestock sector has been an active participant in the so-called “genomic revolution.” Advancements in the sequencing of genomes and related genotyping methods have created opportunities for gathering much more information on the molecular level than ever possible, at a faster rate, and for exponentially decreased costs. Scientists and other livestock stakeholders in countries with highly developed economies have been among the main beneficiaries of this revolution. However, the greatly decreased costs of genomic applications have also created opportunities in countries with developing and transitional economies. In many instances, the lack of awareness of these opportunities and in the technical capacity for the full application of genomic tools may represent a greater obstacle to their utilization than the expenses involved.The development of these guidelines and the subsequent application of the information contained herein may help to bridge this gap, bringing new opportunities to light and transferring knowledge that can be used to increase the genetic characterization of AnGR and subsequently improve the sustainable use and conservation of livestock genetic diversity.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-10-19
Category : Young Adult Nonfiction
ISBN : 9789251350898

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FAO publications catalogue 2021 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

This catalogue aims to improve the dissemination and outreach of FAO’s knowledge products and overall publishing programme. By providing information on its key publications in every area of FAO’s work, and catering to a range of audiences, it thereby contributes to all organizational outcomes. From statistical analysis to specialized manuals to children’s books, FAO publications cater to a diverse range of audiences. This catalogue presents a selection of FAO’s main publications, produced in 2021 or earlier, ranging from its global reports and general interest publications to numerous specialized titles. In addition to the major themes of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, it also includes thematic sections on climate change, economic and social development, and food safety and nutrition.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2023-09-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789251381069

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African swine fever prevention, detection and control in resource-limited settings by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

This booklet provides guidance on prevention, detection and control of African swine fever (ASF) in resource-limited settings. It is designed primarily for places where ASF is endemic with few or no prospects of eliminating the disease, and places at high risk of incursion. The guide is divided into five sections. The first covers key aspects of the disease that can be exploited when developing prevention and control programmes, even when resources are limited. The next three sections provide suggestions on simple, low-cost measures for ASF prevention, early warning and detection, and control that have been shown to work in these settings. The last section considers ways that communities can work together to manage ASF, as well as the role of public-private partnerships in this process. Animal health is not just the responsibility of government veterinary services or individual producers. It also involves local communities, feed suppliers, pig traders and processors, and animal health workers at community level. By working together, with the help of the knowledge contained in this guide, we can ensure that the devastation caused by ASF can be minimized, even in places where resources to prevent and control the disease are scarce.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789251352793

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Developing field epidemiology training for veterinarians by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

Epidemiology workforce capacity development is a key part of strengthening Animal Health Systems. The aim of a field epidemiology training programme is to improve the institutional capacity to detect, prevent, control, and manage animal diseases that negatively impact animal and human health, farmers’ livelihoods, food security, and trade. These guidelines provide an eight-step approach to develop competency based training programmes, from assessment of the needs and readiness of a country or region, to developing, planning, implementing, and monitoring and assessment of the impact of field epidemiology training programs. A set of core competencies developed by a participative and inclusive process, for frontline and intermediate levels, are provided to guide the development of curriculum and strategic plans to better achieve field epidemiology training programme sustainability. These guidelines should assist in addressing the veterinary services and animal health systems’ needs and priorities including field epidemiology workforce capacity development.

Author : Mariner, J.C., Raizman, E., Pittiglio, C., Bebay, C., Kivaria, F., Lubroth, J., Makonnen, Y.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2022-04-04
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251357750

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Rift Valley fever action framework by Mariner, J.C., Raizman, E., Pittiglio, C., Bebay, C., Kivaria, F., Lubroth, J., Makonnen, Y. Pdf

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arboviral disease affecting humans and livestock transmitted by mosquitoes. It is endemic to large areas of Africa, resulting in widespread abortion and neonatal mortality in livestock, and severe complications in a small but significant percentage of human cases. The range of RVF is largely determined by the distribution of suitable vector habitat and rainfall, which changes over time and as a result of climate change. In addition to which, the movement of animals and animal products for trade may lead to the spread of RVF to previously non-infected areas. This RVF Action Framework is intended to provide decision makers with guidance on the best course of action to take in response to an RVF outbreak or the risk of an outbreak, and help them develop a national action plan for this response. A coordinated One Health approach that brings together the public, animal and environmental health sectors is recommended, as is a risk-based approach that uses risk assessment and mapping to determine the appropriate measures to be taken and the locations where they are required. A country’s RVF response can be best broken down into the four phases of the epidemiological cycle: the inter-epidemic, pre-epidemic, epidemic and post-epidemic periods. Surveillance, risk assessment and capacity building, for instance, are key during the inter-epidemic period, while the focus during the post-epidemic period shifts to mitigating the disease’s impact.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2022-02-08
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9789251357002

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Making way: developing national legal and policy frameworks for pastoral mobility by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

Mobility is a vital strategy employed by pastoralists to capitalize on the scarce availability of resources in variable environments, making pastoralism economically feasible and environmentally sustainable. Through mobility, pastoralists can produce animal-sourced products that provide food and income security to populations in the world’s rangelands. Such a practice also provides a range of benefits to the environment while fostering the capacity to adapt to changing social and natural environments. With a few exceptions, policies have largely not kept up with new scholarship and development discourse that acknowledges the importance of mobility to pastoralism. There is a lag in and resistance to legislating in favor of mobility. The overall objective of this handbook is to guide the development of legal and policy frameworks for securing mobility for various pastoral production systems and practices. This handbook calls for the legal recognition and securing of pastoral mobility as a way of safeguarding and facilitating a continuous stream of economic and social benefits for pastoralists, countries, and the environment. It facilitates a deeper understanding of pastoral mobility through examples and case studies drawn from various parts of the world and identifies considerations to be borne in mind when legislating for mobility.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,World Organization for Animal Health,World Health Organization
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789251312360

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Taking a Multisectoral One Health Approach : A Tripartite Guide to Addressing Zoonotic Diseases in Countries by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,World Organization for Animal Health,World Health Organization Pdf

The 2018 FAO-OIE-WHO (Tripartite) zoonoses guide, “Taking A Multisectoral, One Health Approach: A Tripartite Guide to Addressing Zoonotic Diseases in Countries” (2018 TZG) is being jointly developed to provide member countries with practical guidance on OH approaches to build national mechanisms for multisectoral coordination, communication, and collaboration to address zoonotic disease threats at the animal-human-environment interface. The 2018 TZG updates and expands on the guidance in the one previous jointly-developed, zoonoses-specific guidance document: the 2008 Tripartite “Zoonotic Diseases: A Guide to Establishing Collaboration between Animal and Human Health Sectors at the Country Level”, developed in WHO South-East Asia Region and Western Pacific Region. The 2018 TZG supports building by countries of the resilience and capacity to address emerging and endemic zoonotic diseases such as avian influenza, rabies, Ebola, and Rift Valley fever, as well as food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, and to minimize their impacts on health, livelihoods, and economies. It additionally supports country efforts to implement WHO International Health Regulations (2005) and OIE international standards, to address gaps identified through external and internal health system evaluations, and to achieve targets of the Sustainable Development Goals. The 2018 TZG provides relevant country ministries and agencies with lessons learned and good practices identified from country-level experiences in taking OH approaches for preparedness, prevention, detection and response to zoonotic disease threats, and provides guidance on multisectoral communication, coordination, and collaboration. It informs on regional and country-level OH activities and relevant unisectoral and multisectoral tools available for countries to use.

Author : Richard M. Jakob-Hoff,Stuart C. MacDiarmid,Caroline Lees,Philip S. Miller,Dominic Travis,Richard Kock
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 149 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Risk assessment
ISBN : 9290449578

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Manual of Procedures for Wildlife Disease Risk Analysis by Richard M. Jakob-Hoff,Stuart C. MacDiarmid,Caroline Lees,Philip S. Miller,Dominic Travis,Richard Kock Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on Assessing the Nation's Framework for Addressing Animal Diseases
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2005-12-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309092593

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Animal Health at the Crossroads by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on Assessing the Nation's Framework for Addressing Animal Diseases Pdf

The confirmed case of "mad cow" disease (BSE) in June 2005 illustrates the economic impact of disease outbreaks, as additional countries closed their markets to U.S. beef and beef products. Emerging diseases also threaten public health-11 out of 12 of the major global disease outbreaks over the last decade were from zoonotic agents (that spread from animals to humans). Animal Health at the Crossroads: Preventing, Detecting, and Diagnosing Animal Diseases finds that, in general, the U.S. animal health framework has been slow to take advantage of state-of-the-art technologies being used now to protect public health; better diagnostic tests for identifying all animal diseases should be made a priority. The report also recommends that the nation establish a high-level, authoritative, and accountable coordinating mechanism to engage and enhance partnerships among local, state, and federal agencies, and the private sector.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2003-06-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309167949

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Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates Pdf

The field of occupational health and safety constantly changes, especially as it pertains to biomedical research. New infectious hazards are of particular importance at nonhuman-primate facilities. For example, the discovery that B virus can be transmitted via a splash on a mucous membrane raises new concerns that must be addressed, as does the discovery of the Reston strain of Ebola virus in import quarantine facilities in the U.S. The risk of such infectious hazards is best managed through a flexible and comprehensive Occupational Health and Safety Program (OHSP) that can identify and mitigate potential hazards. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates is intended as a reference for vivarium managers, veterinarians, researchers, safety professionals, and others who are involved in developing or implementing an OHSP that deals with nonhuman primates. The book lists the important features of an OHSP and provides the tools necessary for informed decision-making in developing an optimal program that meets all particular institutional needs.