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Author : United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2018-07-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1724459430
Technical Support Document for the 1992 Citizen's Guide to Radon
Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 896 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Environmental protection
ISBN : MINN:31951D013983529
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Air
ISBN : UOM:39015038444876
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 856 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Electronic
ISBN : CORNELL:31924077914319
Author : Leonard A. Cole
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780195093674
Radiation, radioactivity, radon: these are words that, since Hiroshima, the Cold War, and Three Mile Island, have conjured fear and fascination for many Americans. The threat of nuclear war, however, was always abstract at best, and the possibility of a meltdown was seen primarily as a localized catastrophe. Yet the danger of radon--an invisible, odorless gas that could seemingly attack any home and afflict its residents with a deadly cancer--struck home in the 1980s when whole neighborhoods were deemed unsafe and homeowners were forced to relocate, often at great expense. But how much of a threat does radon really pose to Americans? Is the government's aggressive policy toward this "silent killer" warranted? Indeed, is there a legitimate threat at all? These are the important questions Leonard A. Cole asks in this provocative and fascinating new book, and his answers are ones that all homeowners will want to understand. In clear, non-technical language, Cole dispels many of the myths surrounding radon as he makes recommendations for a coherent, reasonable environmental policy toward what is, certainly, a dangerous gas. But at what levels does radon become a health problem? From all the alarmist headlines ("Major Radon Peril Is Declared By U.S." screamed the New York Times in 1988), average Americans would never know that the threat of radon is much debated, among scientists as well as among government officials. They would never know that numerous European countries--with advanced environmental policies--see the radon levels found in homes and apartments as much less of a danger than we do. And they would never know that not even a single lung cancer death can be directly attributed to a radon-contaminated environment. As he carefully traces the development of the U.S.indoor radon policy, Cole illuminates the many scientific uncertainties that lie behind it, and challenges EPA's risk-cost assessment of radon levels. He shows, too, that no epidemiological study has confirmed that homeowners are at great risk, and exposes those who stand to gain from the policy decisions made in Washington. Since it is not caused by any industry, radon has been a politically convenient issue. Under the Reagan administration, for example, an aggressive radon policy proved an easy way to challenge the popular perception of an anti-environmental president. In the end, Cole convincingly argues for less strict radon regulations, and maintains that the average citizen must be involved in the decision-making process, and must be allowed to exercise her own informed judgment. Thoughtful and timely, Element of Risk illuminates one of the most important public policy issues of our time. It is a book homeowners and taxpayers, scientists and policymakers, will find essential reading.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1154 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1994-03-18
Category : Administrative law
ISBN : UIUC:30112059136728
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Environmental health
ISBN : MINN:31951P00393811O
Author : Committee on Risk Assessment of Exposure to Radon in Drinking Water,Commission on Life Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1999-07-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309524742
The Safe Drinking Water Act directs the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate the quality of drinking water, including its concentration of radon, an acknowledged carcinogen. This book presents a valuable synthesis of information about the total inhalation and ingestion risks posed by radon in public drinking water, including comprehensive reviews of data on the transfer of radon from water to indoor air and on outdoor levels of radon in the United States. It also presents a new analysis of a biokinetic model developed to determine the risks posed by ingestion of radon and reviews inhalation risks and the carcinogenesis process. The volume includes scenarios for quantifying the reduction in health risk that might be achieved by a program to reduce public exposure to radon. Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water, reflecting research and analysis mandated by 1996 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act, provides comment on a variety of methods to reduce radon entry into homes and to reduce the concentrations of radon in indoor air and in water. The models, analysis, and reviews of literature contained in this book are intended to provide information that EPA will need to set a new maximum contaminant level, as it is required to do in 2000.
Author : John Gunn
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 1971 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2004-08-02
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9781135455088
The Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science contains 350 alphabetically arranged entries. The topics include cave and karst geoscience, cave archaeology and human use of caves, art in caves, hydrology and groundwater, cave and karst history, and conservation and management. The Encyclopedia is extensively illustrated with photographs, maps, diagrams, and tables, and has thematic content lists and a comprehensive index to facilitate searching and browsing.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Housing and health
ISBN : 0160362229
Author : National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Radiation Effects Research,Committee on Health Risks of Exposure to Radon (BEIR VI)
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 593 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1999-03-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309056458
Radon progenyâ€"the decay products of radon gasâ€"are a well-recognized cause of lung cancer in miners working underground. When radon was found to be a ubiquitous indoor air pollutant, however, it raised a more widespread alarm for public health. To develop appropriate public policy for indoor radon, decisionmakers need a characterization of the risk of radon exposure across the range of exposures people actually receive. In response, the BEIR VI committee has developed a mathematical model for the lung cancer risk associated with radon, incorporating the latest information from epidemiology and scientific studies. In this book the committee provides a fresh assessment of exposure-dose relationships. The volume discusses key issuesâ€"such as the weight of biological evidence and extrapolation from radon-exposed miners to the larger populationâ€"in estimating the risk posed by indoor radon. It also addresses such uncertainties as the combined effects of smoking and radon and the impact of the rate of exposure. The committee considered the entire body of evidence on radon and lung cancer, integrating findings from epidemiological studies with evidence from animal experiments and other lines of laboratory investigation. The conclusions will be important to policymakers and environmental advocates, while the technical findings will be of interest to environmental scientists and engineers.
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air and Nuclear Regulation
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 608 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCAL:B5131412
Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.
Author : Kathryn Harrison,George Hoberg
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1994-11-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780773565050
Paying particular attention to how politicians and bureaucrats in the two countries deal with the scientific uncertainty that pervades environmental decision making, Harrison and Hoberg analyse case studies of seven controversial substances suspected of causing cancer in humans: the pesticides Alar and alachlor, urea-formaldehyde foam insulation, radon gas, dioxin, saccharin, and asbestos. They weigh the strengths and weaknesses of each country's approach according to five criteria: stringency and timeliness of the regulatory decision, balancing of risks and benefits by decision makers, opportunities for public participation, and the interpretation of science in regulatory decision making. The Canadian approach is exemplified by closed decision making, case-by-case review that relies heavily on expert judgement, and limited public debate about the scientific basis of regulatory decisions. In contrast, regulatory science in the United States is characterized by publication of lengthy rationales for regulatory decisions, reliance on standardized procedures for risk assessment, and controversy surrounding the interpretation of scientific evidence.
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1999-02-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309062978
Naturally occurring radionuclides are found throughout the earth's crust, and they form part of the natural background of radiation to which all humans are exposed. Many human activities-such as mining and milling of ores, extraction of petroleum products, use of groundwater for domestic purposes, and living in houses-alter the natural background of radiation either by moving naturally occurring radionuclides from inaccessible locations to locations where humans are present or by concentrating the radionuclides in the exposure environment. Such alterations of the natural environment can increase, sometimes substantially, radiation exposures of the public. Exposures of the public to naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) that result from human activities that alter the natural environment can be subjected to regulatory control, at least to some degree. The regulation of public exposures to such technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory and advisory organizations is the subject of this study by the National Research Council's Committee on the Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781428921092