Telomerase And Non Telomerase Mechanisms Of Telomere Maintenance

Author : Tammy A. Morrish
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2020-04-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781789845747

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Telomerase and non-Telomerase Mechanisms of Telomere Maintenance by Tammy A. Morrish Pdf

This book, Telomerase and non-Telomerase Mechanisms of Telomere Maintenance, is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the molecular biology research area. All chapters are individually complete but united under a common research topic. This publication aims to provide a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors on biochemistry, genetics,and molecular biology, and open new possible research paths for further novel developments. A note from the publisher: It is with great sadness and regret that we inform the contributing authors and readers of this book that the Editor, Dr Tammy A. Morrish, passed away during the publishing process of the book and before having a chance to see its publication. The book Telomerase and non-Telomerase Mechanisms of Telomere Maintenance was her first edited volume with us. Fruitful collaboration continued until her final days. We would like to acknowledge Dr Morrish's contribution to scientific publishing, which she made during years of dedicated work, and express our gratitude for her pleasant cooperation with us.

Author : Derek J. Chadwick,Gail Cardew
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2008-04-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780470515440

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Telomeres and Telomerase by Derek J. Chadwick,Gail Cardew Pdf

Telomeres and Telomerase Chairman: Sydney Brenner, 1997 Telomeres are the protective genetic elements located at the ends of chromosomes and are essential for correct chromosomal structure and function. They are not fully replicated by the conventional DNA polymerase system because DNA synthesis occurs only in the 5' to 3' direction and requires an RNA primer for initiation. Consequently, cells require a special enzyme to maintain the telomeric ends of chromosomes during each round of replication. This enzyme, telomerase, is a ribonucleoprotein that extends chromosome ends by adding short stretches of nucleotide repeats using a portion of its integral RNA component as the template. Recently, much excitement has been generated by the suggestion that telomerase, or rather the absence of telomerase and the resultant loss of terminal DNA, is a cause of human ageing. The evidence for this is twofold: the telomeres of certain cells in culture shorten during their lifespan; and immortalization of cells is associated, at least in some cases, with the maintenance of telomeres and telomerase activity. The latter observation prompted the analysis of clinical samples from patients with cancer and the demonstration that, in contrast to normal somatic cells, malignant cells possess telomerase activity. This is a unique book. Not only does it contain the latest experimental results from an international group of experts, but it also includes critical examinations of the current evidence, and discussions that attempt to identify the central and underlying concepts of this rapidly expanding field.

Author : John A. Double,Michael J. Thompson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2008-02-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781592591893

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Telomeres and Telomerase by John A. Double,Michael J. Thompson Pdf

The fundamental problem that dividing cells have to ov- come is that of end-replication. Chromosomes shorten by many bases during DNA replication and so this presents a major hurdle that a cell has to overcome both to enable it to proliferate and for the larger organism to survive and reproduce. The enzyme telomerase provides a mechanism to ensure chromosome stability in both normal and neoplastic cells. The demonstration of telomerase expression in a majority of tumors and the realization of the potential role of telomerase in aging has opened up the potential for telomerase to be used as a target for therapeutic intervention. There is therefore great interest in the expression and activity of telomerase in a wide range of biological disciplines. Telomeres and Telomerase: Methods and Protocols has been produced as a tool for the many researchers in different areas of cell biology who are interested in following research in the area of telomerase and telomere maintenance, either in the area of fundamental mec- nisms or perhaps in the area of more applied drug discovery work.

Author : Marcelo Larramendy
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789535127529

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Telomere by Marcelo Larramendy Pdf

This book, Telomere - A Complex End of a Chromosome, is organized into nine chapters containing the latest aspects of the current knowledge about the structure of telomeres and the crucial role that telomerase plays not only in maintaining chromosomal stability but also in relation to cell immortality, cell instability, and cancer biology. We now appreciate that these unusual complexes of DNA and proteins we all know as "telomeres" are dynamic and key structures that depend on telomerase and other cellular factors for continuance. Regulation of telomere activity is a dynamic area of current research, and new insights into telomeres and their role in aging and cancer, among other biological functions and pathologies, appear regularly in the scientific world. However, one fact is more than understandable in this difficult biological conundrum: the end of the telomere story is far from being totally unraveled.

Author : Keiko Hiyama
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2009-03-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781603278799

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Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer by Keiko Hiyama Pdf

Telomerase, an enzyme that maintains telomeres and endows eukaryotic cells with immortality, was first discovered in tetrahymena in 1985. In 1990s, it was proven that this enzyme also plays a key role in the infinite proliferation of human cancer cells. Now telomere and telomerase are widely accepted as important factors involved in cancer biology, and as promising diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets. Recently, role of telomerase in “cancer stem cells” has become another attractive story. Until now, there are several good books on telomere and telomerase focusing on biology in ciliates, yeasts, and mouse or basic sciences in human, providing basic scientists or students with updated knowledge.

Author : Predrag Slijepcevic
Publisher : S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Telomerase
ISBN : 3805590636

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Telomeres and Telomerase by Predrag Slijepcevic Pdf

Telomeres are essential functional elements of eukaryotic chromosomes. Their fundamental biological role as protectors of chromosome stability was identified for the first time in the 1930s by Hermann Muller and Barbara McClintock based on pioneering cytological experiments. Modern molecular research carried out more recently revealed that telomeres and telomerase play important roles in processes such as carcinogenesis and cellular senescence. This special issue presents the most recent developments in this highly active field of research. It is becoming increasingly clear that molecular pathways involved in regulation of telomere length and structure are functionally linked with pathways involved in DNA damage response, cellular stress response, chromatin organization and perhaps even pathways that regulate evolutionary chromosome rearrangements. The above functional link is explored by the leading experts in the field of telomere biology. Cell biologists, molecular biologists, oncologists, gerontologists, and radiobiologists with an interest in the role of telomeres/telomerase will appreciate the up-to-date information in this publication.

Author : Amelia Marti,Guillermo Zalba
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2017-08-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781351648479

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Telomeres, Diet and Human Disease by Amelia Marti,Guillermo Zalba Pdf

The maintenance of telomeres—repetitive sequences at the end of chromosome—is essential to health. Dysfunction in telomere maintenance pathways plays a role in aging, cancer, atherosclerosis and other diseases. This has led to telomere maintenance as a prime target for patient therapies. This book describes the advances in telomere research as it applies to human health and especially how lifestyle and dietary factors could modify the telomerase maintenance process. The book examines the mechanisms involved, the primary of which are oxidative stress and the role of sirtuins, and how they can be modified by dietary patterns such as Mediterranean diet.

Author : Neal F. Lue,Chantal Autexier
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012-06-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780470592045

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Telomerases by Neal F. Lue,Chantal Autexier Pdf

This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date review and evaluation of the contemporary status of telomerase research. Chapters in this volume cover the basic structure, mechanisms, and diversity of the essential and regulatory subunits of telomerase. Other topics include telomerase biogenesis, transcriptional and post-translational regulation, off-telomere functions of telomerase and the role of telomerase in cellular senescence, aging and cancer. Its relationship to retrotransposons, a class of mobile genetic elements that shares similarities with telomerase and serves as telomeres in selected organisms, are also reviewed.

Author : Jozef Nosek
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2008-05-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781498713498

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Origin and Evolution of Telomeres by Jozef Nosek Pdf

Linear chromosomes represent an evolutionary innovation associated with the origin of eukaryotic cells. This book describes how linear chromosomes and primordial pathways for maintaining their terminal structures, telomeres, emerged in early eukaryotes.Telomeres, derived from the Greek meaning terminal part, were first described by Hermann Muller i

Author : Guido Krupp,Reza Parwaresch
Publisher : Taylor & Francis US
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2003-01-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0306474379

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Telomerases, Telomeres and Cancer by Guido Krupp,Reza Parwaresch Pdf

This volume provides broad insights to the most recent discoveries in telomere biology, with current applications in tumor diagnostics and future potentials in therapy. Special features of diverse organisms are presented, with ciliates, the "telomerase discoverer organisms"; yeasts, the "molecular genetisists' toy for eukaryotes"; including plants and insects as well. 28 chapters were written by a group of leading research scientists, working in the telomere/telomerase fields today. This book will be a core reference for any physician, scientist or "educated reader" with an interest in the exciting developments in this research field.

Author : M.P. Mattson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2001-10-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015060825752

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Telomerase, Aging and Disease by M.P. Mattson Pdf

This volume of Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology critically reviews the rapidly advancing area of telomerase research with a focus at the molecular and cellular levels. The clearly established function of telomerase is to maintain chromosome ends during successive rounds of cell division by adding a six base DNA repeat on to the telomeric ends of chromosomes. As presented in the chapters of this volume, the mechanisms that regulate telomerase expression and activity are complex. Moreover, emerging data suggest additional roles for telomerase in the regulation of cell differentiation and survival. It is expected that this quite comprehensive volume will provide a valuable resource for graduate students and postdocs in the telomerase field and for established investigators in other fields who are beginning to study telomerase in their particular research program. With an increasing number of proteins being brought into the fold of telomerase research (e.g., DNA damage and repair response proteins, heat-shock proteins, and proteins in various signal transduction cascades) many new scientists are beginning to study this enzyme from novel vantage points.

Author : Arthur J. Lustig,Kurt Runge
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2016-07-19
Category : Genetics
ISBN : 9782889198818

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The Evolving Telomeres by Arthur J. Lustig,Kurt Runge Pdf

What controls the different rates of evolution to give rise to conserved and divergent proteins and RNAs? How many trials until evolution can adapt to physiological changes? Every organism has arisen through multiple molecular changes, and the mechanisms that are employed (mutagenesis, recombination, transposition) have been an issue left to the elegant discipline of evolutionary biology. But behind the theory are realities that we have yet to ascertain: How does an evolving cell accommodate its requirements for both conserving its essential functions, while also providing a selective advantage? In this volume, we focus on the evolution of the eukaryotic telomere, the ribo-nuclear protein complex at the end of a linear chromosome. The telomere is an example of a single chromosomal element that must function to maintain genomic stability. The telomeres of all species must provide a means to avoid the attrition from semi-conservative DNA replication and a means of telomere elongation (the telomere replication problem). For example, telomerase is the most well-studied mechanism to circumvent telomere attrition by adding the short repeats that constitutes most telomeres. The telomere must also guard against the multiple activities that can act on an unprotected double strand break requiring a window (or checkpoint) to compensate for telomere sequence loss as well as protection against non-specific processes (the telomere protection problem). This volume describes a range of methodologies including mechanistic studies, phylogenetic comparisons and data-based theoretical approaches to study telomere evolution over a broad spectrum of organisms that includes plants, animals and fungi. In telomeres that are elongated by telomerases, different components have widely different rates of evolution. Telomerases evolved from roots in archaebacteria including splicing factors and LTR-transposition. At the conserved level, the telomere is a rebel among double strand breaks (DSBs) and has altered the function of the highly conserved proteins of the ATM pathway into an elegant means of protecting the chromosome end and maintaining telomere size homeostasis through a competition of positive and negative factors. This homeostasis, coupled with highly conserved capping proteins, is sufficient for protection. However, far more proteins are present at the telomere to provide additional species-specific functions. Do these proteins provide insight into how the cell allows for rapid change without self-destruction?

Author : Chandrika Gowda
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 169 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2017-10-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789535135838

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Neuroblastoma by Chandrika Gowda Pdf

Neuroblastoma (NBL) is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, with about 700 new cases of neuroblastoma seen each year in the United States. The 5-year survival rate for children with high-risk NBL is only 50-60%, and this survival rate has not improved over the last 10 years. High-risk patients receive multimodality treatment, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, biologic therapy and immunotherapy, all of which are associated with significant morbidity. Recent years have seen many advances in treatment of neuroblastoma, including therapeutic MIBG, immunotherapy, and personalized targeted therapy based on the genetic alterations seen in the tumor. The primary objective of this book is to provide the readers with a comprehensive review of neuroblastoma, from clinical aspects and the currently available treatment to recent advancements and future directions in the field of NBL treatment. The topics and chapters have been compiled keeping in mind a diverse group of readers in different areas of specialty such as pediatric oncology, surgery, radiation oncology, and immunology, as well as physician scientists and basic researchers working in the field of neuroblastoma.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Medicine
ISBN : UCR:31210023585894

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The International Research Fellowship Program by Anonim Pdf

Author : Parvin Mehdipour
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-08-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789400746329

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Telomere Territory and Cancer by Parvin Mehdipour Pdf

Timing, racing, combating, struggling and targeting are some actions through which cellular fate could be reflected and evaluated. Interaction between cell territory and environment occur during pre-embryonic, fetal development, and post-natal periods. What the researchers observe as the outcome of telomeres behavior is only the peak of an ice mountain within a stormy ocean. Cellular life depends on programmed behavior of telomeres, capable to surprise the cells. Telomeres provide an introduction to the history of our cells which govern the quality of life and status of health. Telomeres as the cooperative territory are capable of stabilizing the chromosomal territory. The status of telomeres reflects the key information, announcing the real age of individuals, and may be a valuable marker for prognosis and predicting cancer. Telomere territory is characterized with a multi-disciplinary manner. Therefore, this book is aimed to offer a wide range of chapters, hoping to be useful for diverse audiences, including hematologists-oncologists, radiotherapists, surgeons, cancer researchers, and all the sectors who affect the macro- and micro- environmental domains. Finally, telomeres are sensitive, cooperative, and trustable targets. It is worth to state that ‘telomeres are messengers of NATURE’, let’s to know them as they are.