Terrorism And The Chemical Infrastructure

Author : National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Assessing Vulnerabilities Related to the Nation's Chemical Infrastructure
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2006-07-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309097215

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Terrorism and the Chemical Infrastructure by National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Assessing Vulnerabilities Related to the Nation's Chemical Infrastructure Pdf

The chemical sector is a key part of the national economy and has been designated by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as one of 17 sectors comprising the nation's Critical Infrastructure. Although its products represent only 2 percent of the U.S. gross domestic product, those products underpin most other manufactured goods. To assist DHS in characterizing and mitigating the vulnerabilities faced by the nation from the chemical industry, this study examines classes of chemicals and chemical processes that are critical to the nation's security, economy, and health. It identifies vulnerabilities and points of weakness in the supply chain for these chemicals and chemical processes; assesses the likely impact of a significant disruption in the supply chain; identifies actions to help prevent disruption in the supply chain and mitigate loss and injury should such disruption occur; identifies incentives and disincentives to preventative and mitigating actions; and recommends areas of scientific, engineering, and economic research and development. The report concludes that the consequences of a deliberate attack on the chemical infrastructure would be expected to be similar in nature to the accidents we have already experienced. Under limited circumstances, such an attack could cause catastrophic casualties and loss of life, but it would take several simultaneous events to cause catastrophic economic consequences. Poor communication could amplify societal response. Overall, the recommendations in this report emphasize the benefit of investments to improve emergency preparedness for and response to chemical events. They also highlight the potential to minimize the physical hazards through development of cost-effective, safer processes that reduce the volume, toxicity, or hazardous conditions under which chemicals are processed.

Author : Frank R. Spellman,Melissa L. Stoudt
Publisher : Government Institutes
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2011-01-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781605907147

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Nuclear Infrastructure Protection and Homeland Security by Frank R. Spellman,Melissa L. Stoudt Pdf

Experts agree, though it is already important, nuclear power will soon be critical to the maintenance of contemporary society. With the heightened importance of nuclear energy comes a heightened threat of terrorism. The possibility of nuclear energy infrastructure terrorism-that is, the use of weapons to cause damage to the nuclear energy industrial sector, which would have widespread, devastating effects-is very real. In Nuclear Infrastructure Protection and Homeland Security, authors Frank R. Spellman and Melissa L. Stoudt present all the information needed for nuclear infrastructure employers and employees to handle security threats they must be prepared to meet. The book focuses on three interrelated nuclear energy infrastructure segments: nuclear reactors, radioactive materials, and nuclear waste. It presents common-sense methodologies in a straightforward manner, so the text is accessible even to those with little experience with nuclear energy who are nonetheless concerned about the protection of our nuclear infrastructure. Important safety and security principles are outlined, along with security measures that can be implemented to ensure the safety of nuclear facilities.

Author : Linda-Jo Schierow
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1590336429

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Chemical Plant Security by Linda-Jo Schierow Pdf

Facilities handling large amounts of potentially hazardous chemicals (i.e., chemical facilities) might be of interest to terrorists, either as targets for direct attacks meant to release chemicals into the community or as a source of chemicals for use elsewhere. Because few terrorist attacks have been attempted against chemical facilities in the United States, the risk of death and injury in the near future is estimated to be low, relative to the likelihood of accidents at such facilities or attacks on other targets using conventional weapons. For any individual facility, the risk is very small, but risks may be increasing with potentially severe consequences for human health and the environment. Available evidence indicates that many chemical facilities may lack adequate safeguards.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Protection, and Security Technologies
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Nature
ISBN : UCSD:31822038357042

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Preventing Chemical Terrorism by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Protection, and Security Technologies Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee on Economic Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Cybersecurity
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Chemical industry
ISBN : PSU:000058162828

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Preventing Terrorist Attacks on America's Chemical Plants by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee on Economic Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Cybersecurity Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee on Economic Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Cybersecurity
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Law
ISBN : PSU:000061495463

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H.R. 5695 by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee on Economic Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Cybersecurity Pdf

Author : K. V. Frolov,Gregory B. Baecher
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2006-08-12
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781402049224

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Protection of Civilian Infrastructure from Acts of Terrorism by K. V. Frolov,Gregory B. Baecher Pdf

This book arises from the NATO-Russia Workshop, and focuses on the creation of a risk-informed analysis capability for modeling and predicting the behavior of complex infrastructure networks; applying emerging technology to the problems of designing, constructing, monitoring, and operating critical infrastructure systems; and building an understanding of the social, economic, and environmental factors that affect, and are affected by, critical infrastructure.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats, and International Relations
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Political Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105063548742

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Combating Terrorism by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats, and International Relations Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : History
ISBN : LOC:00098988725

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Terrorism by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee on Transportation Security and Infrastructure Protection
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Political Science
ISBN : UOM:39015090378095

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Chemical Security, a Rising Concern for America by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee on Transportation Security and Infrastructure Protection Pdf

Author : Linda-Jo Schierow
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Chemical industry
ISBN : OCLC:61265072

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Chemical Facility Security by Linda-Jo Schierow Pdf

Facilities handling large amounts of potentially hazardous chemicals (i.e., chemical facilities) might be of interest to terrorists, either as targets for direct attacks meant to release chemicals into the community or as a source of chemicals for use elsewhere. Because few terrorist attacks have been attempted against chemical facilities in the United States, the risk of death and injury in the near future is estimated to be low, relative to the likelihood of accidents at such facilities or attacks on other targets using conventional weapons. For any individual facility, the risk is very small, but risks may be increasing with potentially severe consequences for human health and the environment. Available evidence indicates that many chemical facilities may lack adequate safeguards. Two federal environmental laws enacted in 1986 and 1990 require chemical facility planning to protect the general public from accidental releases of hazardous chemicals. However, neither law explicitly addresses terrorism. After 9/11, Congress enacted legislation that requires the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to analyze vulnerabilities and to suggest security enhancements for "critical infrastructure." The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-188) and the Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA, P.L. 107-295) require vulnerability assessments and emergency response plans for some chemical facilities which supply drinking water or are located in ports, as well as security plans for chemical facilities in ports. Many other chemical facilities, including wastewater treatment facilities, remain unregulated. Congress might choose to rely on existing efforts in the public and private sectors to improve chemical site security over time. Alternatively, Congress could expand existing environmental planning requirements for chemical facilities to require consideration of terrorism. DHS could be directed to oversee security enhancement at potentially dangerous facilities. Or, Congress might enact legislation to reduce risks, either by "hardening" defenses against terrorists, for example by increasing security patrols, or by requiring industries to consider use of safer chemicals, procedures, or processes. Restricting terrorists' access to information might be a least-cost approach to reducing risks, but it would also limit public access to information about risks to which they might be exposed, and reduce accountability of facility owners. In the 109th Congress, two House bills would require designated facilities to prepare vulnerability assessments and plans for increasing facility safety and/or security and for responding in the event of an emergency. H.R. 1562 would require submission of assessments and plans to DHS, while H.R. 2237 would require submission to EPA. H.R. 2237 also would require consideration and use of "safer" technologies. No similar legislation has yet been introduced in the Senate, but it approved a "Sense of the Senate" that enforceable federal standards should be established to protect chemical facilities against a terrorist attack. Other bills (S. 2052/H.R. 713 and S. 1995) aim to enhance security for agricultural businesses and wastewater treatment facilities. This report will be updated as warranted by congressional activity.

Author : Claudia Copeland
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 18 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2009-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781437918281

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Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector (updated Ed. ) by Claudia Copeland Pdf

The 9/11 attacks have drawn attention to the security of many institutions, facilities, and systems in the U.S., incl. the nation¿s water supply and water quality infrastructure. These systems have long been recognized as being potentially vulnerable to terrorist attacks of various types, including physical disruption, bioterrorism/chem. contamination, and cyber attack. Damage or destruction by terrorist attack could disrupt the delivery of vital human services in this country, threatening public health and the environment, or possibly causing loss of life. This report presents an overview of this large and diverse sector, describes security-related actions by the government and private sector since 9/11, and discusses additional policy issues and responses. Illus.

Author : Mathew T. Cogwell
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1590333284

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Critical Infrastructures by Mathew T. Cogwell Pdf

This book provides a general overview of the concerns and efforts of the federal government in assuring the reliable function of the nation's critical infrastructures. It also discusses administrative issues, issues associated with sharing information between government agencies and between the federal government and the private sector.

Author : Paul T Anastas,David G Hammond
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2015-11-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780128042007

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Inherent Safety at Chemical Sites by Paul T Anastas,David G Hammond Pdf

Inherent Safety at Chemical Sites: Reducing Vulnerability to Accidents and Terrorism Through Green Chemistry highlights the use of green chemistry principles to identify and address serious threats and potential consequences caused by accidental and deliberate industrial chemical releases. Through valuable case studies, the book suggests wholesale replacements of hazardous chemicals with benign and inherently safer, or "greener," materials. More than physical security barriers and plans, such preventative measures better guarantee the safety of industrial employees and nearby residents. This valuable primer begins with an introduction to the concepts of green chemistry and outlines the various ways that a green approach to chemical design, production, and management is not only good for the planet, but also serves to protect people and infrastructure from terrorist acts. Specific examples and case studies are cited to illustrate what has been done to advance this cause, and offer guidance to those decision-makers who similarly aspire to greater safety and security for the people and resources they manage. Addresses security at chemical plants, manufacturers, water utilities and other facilities utilizing and storing hazardous chemical Provides practical suggestions and insightful case studies for green chemistry innovations from replacement processes and new technologies Covers multiple important chemicals and categories, including: Chlorine, Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrogen fluoride (hydrofluoric acid), Phosgene, Sulfur Dioxide, Sulfuric Acid, Ammonia, Benzene, Pesticides, and cleaning technologies

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Chemical plants
ISBN : OCLC:845632320

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Critical Infrastructure Protection by Anonim Pdf

Facilities that produce, store, or use hazardous chemicals could be of interest to terrorists intent on using toxic chemicals to inflict mass casualties in the United States. As required by statute, DHS issued regulations that establish standards for the security of high-risk chemical facilities. DHS established the CFATS program to assess the risk posed by these facilities and inspect them to ensure compliance with DHS standards. ISCD, which manages the program, places high risk facilities in risk-based tiers and is to conduct inspections after it approves facility security plans. A November 2011 ISCD internal memorandum raised concerns about ISCD's ability to fulfill its mission. GAO assessed the extent to which DHS has (1) assigned chemical facilities to tiers and assessed its approach for doing so, (2) revised its process to review facility security plans, and (3) communicated and worked with owners and operators to improve security. GAO reviewed DHS reports and plans on risk assessments, security plan reviews, and facility outreach and interviewed DHS officials. GAO also received input from 11 trade associations representing chemical facilities, about ISCD outreach. The results of this input are not generalizable but provide insights. GAO recommends that DHS enhance its risk assessment approach to incorporate all elements of risk, conduct a peer review after doing so, and explore opportunities to gather systematic feedback on facility outreach. DHS concurred with the recommendations.