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Ancient Egyptian Administration by Juan Carlos Moreno García Pdf
Ancient Egyptian Administration provides the first comprehensive overview of the structure, organization and evolution of the pharaonic administration from its origins to the end of the Late Period. The book not only focuses on bureaucracy, departments, and official practices but also on more informal issues like patronage, the limits in the actual exercise of authority, and the competing interests between institutions and factions within the ruling elite. Furthermore, general chapters devoted to the best-documented periods in Egyptian history are supplemented by more detailed ones dealing with specific archives, regions, and administrative problems. The volume thus produced by an international team of leading scholars will be an indispensable, up-to-date, tool of research covering a much-neglected aspect of pharaonic civilization.
Pottery and Economy in Old Kingdom Egypt by Leslie Anne Warden Pdf
In Pottery and Economy in Old Kingdom Egypt, Leslie Anne Warden investigates the economic importance of utilitarian ceramics, particularly beer jars and bread moulds, in third millennium BC Egypt. The Egyptian economy at this period is frequently presented as state-centric or state-defined. This study forwards new methodology for a bottom-up approach to Egyptian economy, analyzing economic relationships through careful analysis of variation within the utilitarian wares which formed the basis of much economic exchange in the period. Beer jars and bread moulds, together with their archaeological, textual, and iconographic contexts, thus yield a framework for the economy which is fluid, agent-based, and defined by small scale, face-to-face relationships rather than the state.
The Ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom by STACY DALTON Pdf
The Old Kingdom of Egypt (circa 2613-2181 BC) is otherwise called the 'Age of the Pyramids' or 'Age of the Pyramid Builders' as it incorporated the great fourth Dynasty when King Sneferu idealized the craft of pyramid building, and the pyramids of Giza were developed under the rulers Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure. The verifiable records of this period, the fourth, sixth Dynasties of Egypt, are scant, and antiquarians respect the historical backdrop of the time as in a real sense 'written in stone' and generally compositional in that it is through the landmarks and their engravings that researchers have had the option to develop a set of experiences. The actual pyramids transfer sparse data on their developers. However, the morgue sanctuaries fabricated close by, and the stelae which went with them give the ruler's names and other significant data. Further, engravings in stone made somewhere else from the time record different occasions and the dates on which they happened. At last, the burial place of the last lord of the fifth Dynasty, Unas, gives the main Pyramid Texts (expand artworks and engravings inside the burial chamber), which shed light on the strict convictions of the time.
Old Kingdom, New Perspectives by Nigel Strudwick,Helen Strudwick Pdf
Recent research on all aspects of the Old Kingdom in Egypt is presented in this volume, ranging through the Pyramid Texts, tomb architecture, ceramics, scene choice and layout, field reports, cemetery layout, tomb and temple statuary. The contributions also show how Egyptology is not stuck in its venerable traditions but that newer forms of technology are being used to great effect by Egyptologists. For example, two papers show how GIS technology can shed light on cemetery arrangement and how 3D scanners can be employed in the process of producing facsimile drawings of reliefs and inscriptions. The authors cover a wide range of sites and monuments. A large part of the work presented deals with material from the great cemeteries of Saqqara and Giza of the Old Kingdom capital city of Memphis but all the smaller sites are discussed. The book also includes a paper on the architecture of mastabas from the lesser-known site of Abu Roasch. The provinces are by no means overlooked, with articles on material from Deir el-Bersha, el-Sheikh Said and Akhmim. Between them, the authors discuss material from the milieu of the king right down to that which concerned the tomb workmen and those who supplied their basic needs, such as bakers, brewers and potters. Containing papers presented at a conference at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge in May 2009, this book continues a series of publications of the latest research presented at previous meetings in Paris, Berlin and Prague. Much new material is published here and the papers are fully illustrated, with over 200 photographs and drawings.
Territorial Appropriation During the Old Kingdom (XXVIIIth-XXIIIrd Centuries BC) by Silvia Lupo Pdf
The concepts of 'territory' and 'territoriality' are analysed on the basis of anthropological and archaeological data. It is assumed that 'territory' and 'territoriality' are more complex concepts than simple space occupation. For the case of Egypt in the Old Kingdom, the author of this volume considers different variables related to the ideology and to the socio-political and economic systems of the Egyptian state. Its consolidation, the royal power legitimisation and that of the elite, and the socio-political and economic system are here considered from their unification in the Early Dynastic period, to the Old Kingdom, when the state expanded and its political and ideological maturity was achieved. 'Part One: Territory, occupation of space and legitimisation; Part Two: Royal necropolises and Pyramid towns during the Old Kingdom; Part Three: The territorial appropriation in Egypt - an alternative explanation for the Old Kingdom.
The Archaeology of Urbanism in Ancient Egypt by Nadine Moeller Pdf
This book presents the latest archaeological evidence that makes a case for Egypt as an early urban society. It traces the emergence of urban features during the Predynastic Period up to the disintegration of the powerful Middle Kingdom state (ca. 3500-1650 BC).
Ancient Egypt Transformed by Adela Oppenheim,Dorothea Arnold,Dieter Arnold,Kei Yamamoto Pdf
The Middle Kingdom (ca. 2030–1650 B.C.) was a transformational period in ancient Egypt, during which older artistic conventions, cultural principles, religious beliefs, and political systems were revived and reimagined. Ancient Egypt Transformed presents a comprehensive picture of the art of the Middle Kingdom, arguably the least known of Egypt’s three kingdoms and yet one that saw the creation of powerful, compelling works rendered with great subtlety and sensitivity. The book brings together nearly 300 diverse works— including sculpture, relief decoration, stelae, jewelry, coffins, funerary objects, and personal possessions from the world’s leading collections of Egyptian art. Essays on architecture, statuary, tomb and temple relief decoration, and stele explore how Middle Kingdom artists adapted forms and iconography of the Old Kingdom, using existing conventions to create strikingly original works. Twelve lavishly illustrated chapters, each with a scholarly essay and entries on related objects, begin with discussions of the distinctive art that arose in the south during the early Middle Kingdom, the artistic developments that followed the return to Egypt’s traditional capital in the north, and the renewed construction of pyramid complexes. Thematic chapters devoted to the pharaoh, royal women, the court, and the vital role of family explore art created for different strata of Egyptian society, while others provide insight into Egypt’s expanding relations with foreign lands and the themes of Middle Kingdom literature. The era’s religious beliefs and practices, such as the pilgrimage to Abydos, are revealed through magnificent objects created for tombs, chapels, and temples. Finally, the book discusses Middle Kingdom archaeological sites, including excavations undertaken by the Metropolitan Museum over a number of decades. Written by an international team of respected Egyptologists and Middle Kingdom specialists, the text provides recent scholarship and fresh insights, making the book an authoritative resource.
In the Shadow of the Pyramids by Jaromír Málek Pdf
Describes life during ancient Egypt's Old Kingdom, discusses their economy, government, religion, and art, and indicates the reasons for the society's collapse.