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Author : Philip Kitcher
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 9780195096538
Beginning from an outline of classical views in philosophy of science, this text attempts to understand the notions of scientific progress, scientific objectivity, and the growth of knowledge.
Author : San Diego Philip Kitcher Professor of Philosophy University of California
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1993-05-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780198021506
During the last three decades, reflections on the growth of scientific knowledge have inspired historians, sociologists, and some philosophers to contend that scientific objectivity is a myth. In this book, Kitcher attempts to resurrect the notions of objectivity and progress in science by identifying both the limitations of idealized treatments of growth of knowledge and the overreactions to philosophical idealizations. Recognizing that science is done not by logically omniscient subjects working in isolation, but by people with a variety of personal and social interests, who cooperate and compete with one another, he argues that, nonetheless, we may conceive the growth of science as a process in which both our vision of nature and our ways of learning more about nature improve. Offering a detailed picture of the advancement of science, he sets a new agenda for the philosophy of science and for other "science studies" disciplines.
Author : David R. Andersen,Angus J.L. Menuge
Publisher : New Reformation Publications
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2023-06-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781956658590
Today, it's not uncommon to get the impression that our claims to know are either doomed before they begin or that they have a status that approaches certainty. The pendulum seems to swing from one end to the other, with our educational institutions too often perpetuating both depending on the person being asked. Yet the question of how and if our claims to know are really justified remains central. * Is knowledge a purely social construct without any objective basis, as many claim? * Or, if we do have some basis to believe some of our claims, are we justified in holding those claims with an attitude of certainty, as others in today's environment seem to imply? * And what role do our quick judgments play in those claims? From the tenor of our public debates, one could easily be left with the suspicion that either we can't know anything or that whatever the present state of knowledge is shouldn't be questioned. What Can We Really Know? The Strengths and Limits of Human Understanding aims to bring some balance to the topic, and argues that while we do have reason to believe that a great many of our claims are justified, it's also true that much of what passes for knowledge is a social product and therefore vulnerable to future revision. Exploring how knowledge can be understood, how far science can take us and what its limitations might be, and the status of some of the most recent arguments for God's existence, it will be suggested that a healthy dose of humility should be reincorporated in our public and private debates.
Author : Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2020-08-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110664737
Scientific realism is at the core of the contemporary philosophical debate on science. This book analyzes new versions of scientific realism. It makes explicit the advantages of scientific realism over alternatives and antagonists, contributes to deciding which of the new approaches better meets the descriptive and the prescriptive criteria, and expands the philosophico-methodological field to take in new topics and disciplines.
Author : Sarah Van Ruyskensvelde,Geert Thyssen,Frederik Herman,Angelo Van Gorp,Pieter Verstraete
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 510 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2021-09-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110623451
This volume brings together important theoretical and methodological issues currently being debated in the field of history of education. The contributions shed insightful and critical light on the historiography of education, on issues of de-/colonization, on the historical development of the educational sciences and on the potentiality attached to the use of new and challenging source material.
Author : Arne Hessenbruch
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 965 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2013-12-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9781134262946
The Reader's Guide to the History of Science looks at the literature of science in some 550 entries on individuals (Einstein), institutions and disciplines (Mathematics), general themes (Romantic Science) and central concepts (Paradigm and Fact). The history of science is construed widely to include the history of medicine and technology as is reflected in the range of disciplines from which the international team of 200 contributors are drawn.
Author : Harold Kincaid,John Dupre,Alison Wylie
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2007-03-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780195308969
"It has long been thought that science is our best hope for realizing objective knowledge, but that, to deliver on this promise, it must be free of the influence of any values that are not purely epistemic. As recent work in philosophy, history, and social studies of science shows, however, things are not so simple. The contributors to this volume ask where and how nonepistemic values are involved in science; they explore the roles these values play at the heart of science, in the assessment of evidence and explanations, and they examine the implications this has for ideals of objectivity."--BOOK JACKET.
Author : Inmaculada de Melo-Martín,Kristen Intemann
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2018-07-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780190869250
The lack of public support for climate change policies and refusals to vaccinate children are just two alarming illustrations of the impacts of dissent about scientific claims. Dissent can lead to confusion, false beliefs, and widespread public doubt about highly justified scientific evidence. Even more dangerously, it has begun to corrode the very authority of scientific consensus and knowledge. Deployed aggressively and to political ends, some dissent can intimidate scientists, stymie research, and lead both the public and policymakers to oppose important public policies firmly rooted in science. To criticize dissent is, however, a fraught exercise. Skepticism and fearless debate are key to the scientific process, making it both vital and incredibly difficult to characterize and identify dissent that is problematic in its approach and consequences. Indeed, as de Melo-Martín and Intemann show, the criteria commonly proposed as means of identifying inappropriate dissent are flawed and the strategies generally recommended to tackle such dissent are not only ineffective but could even make the situation worse. The Fight Against Doubt proposes that progress on this front can best be achieved by enhancing the trustworthiness of the scientific community and by being more realistic about the limits of science when it comes to policymaking. It shows that a richer understanding of the context in which science operates is needed to disarm problematic dissent and those who deploy it. This, the authors argue, is the best way forward, rather than diagnosing the many instances of wrong-headed dissent.
Author : Déirdre Dwyer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2008-12-18
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780521509701
Deirdre Dwyer examines how a court can decide when to accept an expert's opinion, focusing on English civil justice.
Author : Léna Soler,Sjoerd Zwart,Michael Lynch,Vincent Israel-Jost
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2014-03-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781317935360
In the 1980s, philosophical, historical and social studies of science underwent a change which later evolved into a turn to practice. Analysts of science were asked to pay attention to scientific practices in meticulous detail and along multiple dimensions, including the material, social and psychological. Following this turn, the interest in scientific practices continued to increase and had an indelible influence in the various fields of science studies. No doubt, the practice turn changed our conceptions and approaches of science, but what did it really teach us? What does it mean to study scientific practices? What are the general lessons, implications, and new challenges? This volume explores questions about the practice turn using both case studies and theoretical analysis. The case studies examine empirical and mathematical sciences, including the engineering sciences. The volume promotes interactions between acknowledged experts from different, often thought of as conflicting, orientations. It presents contributions in conjunction with critical commentaries that put the theses and assumptions of the former in perspective. Overall, the book offers a unique and diverse range of perspectives on the meanings, methods, lessons, and challenges associated with the practice turn.
Author : Hugh Lacey
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2005-06-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134619740
Exploring the role of values in scientific inquiry, Hugh Lacey examines the nature and meaning of values, and looks at challenges to the view, posed by postmodernists, feminists, radical ecologists, Third-World advocates and religious fundamentalists, that science is value free. He also focuses on discussions of 'development', especially in Third World countries. This paperback edition includes a new preface.
Author : Maria Cristina Amoretti,Nicla Vassallo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2015-12-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319263489
This volume offers a meta-philosophical reflection on feminist philosophies of science. It emphasizes and discusses both the connections and differences between "traditional" philosophies of science and feminist philosophies of science. The collection systematically analyses feminist contributions to the various philosophies of specific sciences. Each chapter is devoted to a specific area of philosophy of science: general philosophy of science, philosophy of biology, philosophy of climate sciences, philosophy of cognitive sciences and neurosciences, philosophy of economics, philosophy of history and archaeology, philosophy of logic and mathematics, philosophy of medicine, philosophy of psychology, philosophy of physics, and philosophy of social sciences. Since some of these areas have so far rarely been addressed by feminist philosophers, this new collection provides new angels and stimulates the debate on pivotal issues that are part and parcel of both "traditional" philosophies of science and feminist philosophies of science. Using a range of different methodologies and styles, the essays all show great clarity in both arguments and contents.
Author : Joyce Oldham Appleby,Lynn Hunt,Lynn Avery Hunt,Margaret C. Jacob
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : History
ISBN : 0393312860
"A fascinating historiographical essay. . . . An unusually lucid and inclusive explication of what it ultimately at stake in the culture wars over the nature, goals, and efficacy of history as a discipline."--Booklist
Author : Noretta Koertge
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2005-08-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190291488
This volume of contributed essays, a follow-up to Noretta Koertge's successful book on the science wars, A House Built on Sand, takes an affirming, positive view of the relationship between the values embodied in science, and the nature of a civil society. It argues that recent attacks on the probity of science undermine the possibility of rational discourse in the political arena. While science has traditionally been viewed as incorporating intellectual virtues like honesty and precision of language, the contributors to this volume point to additional benefits, examining the idea that science can serve as a source of, and inspiration for, civic virtues--in the need to be well-informed about the way the world works, in tolerating the viewpoints of others, and in functioning as a fully global enterprise dedicated to the public good. The contributors--who include philosophers, political scientists, physicists, biologists and engineers--look at examples of scientific virtues in action and how they might be used as inspirations and practical resources for improving civic society. The volume will appeal to a similarly broad audience interested in the relationship between science and society.
Author : Juha Saatsi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351362917
Scientific realism is a central, long-standing, and hotly debated topic in philosophy of science. Debates about scientific realism concern the very nature and extent of scientific knowledge and progress. Scientific realists defend a positive epistemic attitude towards our best theories and models regarding how they represent the world that is unobservable to our naked senses. Various realist theses are under sceptical fire from scientific antirealists, e.g. empiricists and instrumentalists. The different dimensions of the ensuing debate centrally connect to numerous other topics in philosophy of science and beyond. The Routledge Handbook of Scientific Realism is an outstanding reference source – the first collection of its kind – to the key issues, positions, and arguments in this important topic. Its thirty-four chapters, written by a team of international experts, are divided into five parts: Historical development of the realist stance Classic debate: core issues and positions Perspectives on contemporary debates The realism debate in disciplinary context Broader reflections In these sections, the core issues and debates presented, analysed, and set into broader historical and disciplinary contexts. The central issues covered include motivations and arguments for realism; challenges to realism from underdetermination and history of science; different variants of realism; the connection of realism to relativism and perspectivism; and the relationship between realism, metaphysics, and epistemology. The Routledge Handbook of Scientific Realism is essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of science. It will also be very useful for anyone interested in the nature and extent of scientific knowledge.
