The Age Of Decentralization

Author : Craig Calcaterra,Wulf Kaal
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021-03-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783110674033

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Decentralization by Craig Calcaterra,Wulf Kaal Pdf

Entrepreneurs as well as seasoned business leaders are struggling to innovate and stay ahead of change in the age of decentralization. What separates the companies that get disrupted from the ones that thrive when faced with decentralization? What tactics can be deployed to decentralize large monolithic organizations? Drawing on their experience as researchers and tech entrepreneurs, Professors Calcaterra and Kaal show how to Learn to embrace the change that comes with decentralization Evolve technology, communication, and culture as the business encounters decentralization Use best practices to maintain profitability in the emerging environments of decentralization across industries Combine responsibility with velocity to leverage the advantages of decentralization for the common good The book examines the core infrastructure elements that are needed before the first genuinely decentralized transaction can happen including a legal environment, underwriting, a truly decentralized blockchain that can overcome the blockchain trilemma (decentralization, scaling, security), and efficient governance of blockchains. Decentralization is essential reading for businesses seeking to win in an increasingly decentralized world where adaptation speed is the competitive advantage that matters most.

Author : Pranab Bardhan,Dilip Mookherjee
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 375 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2006-06-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780262524544

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Decentralization and Local Governance in Developing Countries by Pranab Bardhan,Dilip Mookherjee Pdf

Over the past three decades the developing world has seen increasing devolution of political and economic power to local governments. Decentralization is considered an important element of participatory democracy and, along with privatization and deregulation, represents a substantial reduction in the authority of national governments over economic policy. The contributors to Decentralization and Local Governance in Developing Countries examine this institutional transformation from comparative and interdisciplinary perspectives, offering detailed case studies of decentralization in eight countries: Bolivia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, South Africa, and Uganda. Some of these countries witnessed an unprecedented "big bang" shift toward comprehensive political and economic decentralization: Bolivia in 1995 and Indonesia after the fall of Suharto in 1998. Brazil and India decentralized in an uneven and more gradual manner. In some other countries (such as Pakistan), devolution represented an instrument for consolidation of power of a nondemocratic national government. In China, local governments were granted much economic but little political power. South Africa made the transition from the undemocratic decentralization of apartheid to decentralization under a democratic constitution. The studies provide a comparative perspective on the political and economic context within which decentralization took place, and how this shaped its design and possible impact. Contributors Omar Azfar, Gianpaolo Baiocchi, Pranab Bardhan, Shubham Chaudhuri, Ali Cheema, Jean-Paul Faguet, Bert Hofman, Kai Kaiser, Philip E. Keefer, Asim Ijaz Khwaja, Justin Yifu Lin, Mingxing Liu, Jeffrey Livingston, Patrick Meagher, Dilip Mookherjee, Ambar Narayan, Adnan Qadir, Ran Tao, Tara Vishwanath, Martin Wittenberg

Author : Sam Ghosh,Subhasis Gorai
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2024-10-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1032830239

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The Age of Decentralization by Sam Ghosh,Subhasis Gorai Pdf

The Age of Decentralization talks about various decentralization technologies including Web3, Decentralized Identity, and Decentralized Storage, and how they can be incorporated in traditional tech architectures to improve technical and business performance. In this book, the authors take us on a journey through the tech landscape, exploring how decentralized technologies, including Web3, are on the verge of becoming mainstream and offer a practical roadmap for understanding and embracing this shift. Web2 brought us "the great centralization" by centralizing not only data but also business processes, blurring the industry boundaries. So, payment platforms started offering e-commerce services and ride-hailing services started delivering food. Scale became the most effective moat. But, at the same time, these huge platforms became a magnet for security threats and started violating user privacy rights and consumer rights. The authors argue that the technological, regulatory, and social landscape is ready for the next evolution of technology systems as decentralization technologies get incorporated into traditional architectures. This book serves as a guide for readers to understand the fundamentals of Web3 along with other decentralized technologies and creates a framework for incorporating them in traditional architectures. While at the same time the authors explore the organization level as well as the macro implications of decentralized technologies.

Author : James Manor
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015042983646

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The Political Economy of Democratic Decentralization by James Manor Pdf

Nearly all countries worldwide are now experimenting with decentralization. Their motivation are diverse. Many countries are decentralizing because they believe this can help stimulate economic growth or reduce rural poverty, goals central government interventions have failed to achieve. Some countries see it as a way to strengthen civil society and deepen democracy. Some perceive it as a way to off-load expensive responsibilities onto lower level governments. Thus, decentralization is seen as a solution to many different kinds of problems. This report examines the origins and implications decentralization from a political economy perspective, with a focus on its promise and limitations. It explores why countries have often chosen not to decentralize, even when evidence suggests that doing so would be in the interests of the government. It seeks to explain why since the early 1980s many countries have undertaken some form of decentralization. This report also evaluates the evidence to understand where decentralization has considerable promise and where it does not. It identifies conditions needed for decentralization to succeed. It identifies the ways in which decentralization can promote rural development. And it names the goals which decentralization will probably not help achieve.

Author : Jonathan Rodden,Gunnar S. Eskeland,Jennie Ilene Litvack
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0262182297

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Fiscal Decentralization and the Challenge of Hard Budget Constraints by Jonathan Rodden,Gunnar S. Eskeland,Jennie Ilene Litvack Pdf

A multi-country study of the conditions under which decentralized countries might ensure fiscal discipline.

Author : Ed Connerley,Kent Eaton,Paul J. Smoke
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Decentralization in government
ISBN : PSU:000067888023

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Making Decentralization Work by Ed Connerley,Kent Eaton,Paul J. Smoke Pdf

The authors of this volume sift through the accumulating evidence to assess how well decentralization has fared. Focusing on consequences rather than causes, their goal is to inform future interventions in support of decentralized governance by showcasing some of the important trade-offs that it has generated so far.

Author : Pierre F. Landry
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2008-10-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139472630

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Decentralized Authoritarianism in China by Pierre F. Landry Pdf

China, like many authoritarian regimes, struggles with the tension between the need to foster economic development by empowering local officials and the regime's imperative to control them politically. Landry explores how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) manages local officials in order to meet these goals and perpetuate an unusually decentralized authoritarian regime. Using unique data collected at the municipal, county, and village level, Landry examines in detail how the promotion mechanisms for local cadres have allowed the CCP to reward officials for the development of their localities without weakening political control. His research shows that the CCP's personnel management system is a key factor in explaining China's enduring authoritarianism and proves convincingly that decentralization and authoritarianism can work hand in hand.

Author : Moira Moeliono,Eva Wollenberg,Godwin Limberg
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2012-05-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781136554414

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The Decentralization of Forest Governance by Moira Moeliono,Eva Wollenberg,Godwin Limberg Pdf

'This book provides an excellent overview of more than a decade of transformation in a forest landscape where the interests of local people, extractive industries and globally important biodiversity are in conflict. The studies assembled here teach us that plans and strategies are fine but, in the real world of the forest frontier, conservation must be based upon negotiation, social learning and an ability to muddle through.' Jeffrey Sayer, senior scientific adviser, Forest Conservation Programme IUCN - International Union for of Nature The devolution of control over the world's forests from national or state and provincial level governments to local control is an ongoing global trend that deeply affects all aspects of forest management, conservation of biodiversity, control over resources, wealth distribution and livelihoods. This powerful new book from leading experts provides an in-depth account of how trends towards increased local governance are shifting control over natural resource management from the state to local societies, and the implications of this control for social justice and the environment. The book is based on ten years of work by a team of researchers in Malinau, Indonesian Borneo, one of the world's richest forest areas. The first part of the book sets the larger context of decentralization's impact on power struggles between the state and society. The authors then cover in detail how the devolution process has occurred in Malinau, the policy context, struggles and conflicts and how Malinau has organized itself. The third part of the book looks at the broader issues of property relations, conflict, local governance and political participation associated with decentralization in Malinau. Importantly, it draws out the salient points for other international contexts including the important determination that 'local political alliances', especially among ethnic minorities, are taking on greater prominence and creating new opportunities to influence forest policy in the world's richest forests from the ground up. This is top-level research for academics and professionals working on forestry, natural resource management, policy and resource economics worldwide. Published with CIFOR

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2008-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821376362

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Decentralization in Client Countries by Anonim Pdf

'Decentralization in Client Countries' assesses the effectiveness of Bank support for decentralization between fiscal years 1990 and 2007 in 20 countries, seeking to inform the design and implementation of future support. Given the difficulties of measuring the results of decentralization, the evaluation uses intermediate outcome indicators- such as strengthened legal and regulatory frameworks for intergovernmental relations, improved administrative capacity, and increased accountability of subnational governments and functionaries to higher levels of government and to local citizens- to assess the results of Bank support in these 20 cases. To examine potential lessons at a sectoral level, the evaluation also assesses whether Bank support for decentralization improved intermediate outcomes for service delivery in the education sector in 6 of the 20 countries.

Author : Tim Campbell
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2003-04-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780822975090

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The Quiet Revolution by Tim Campbell Pdf

As if by unseen signal toward the end of the 1980s, many Latin American governments suddenly transferred money and decision-making power to local municipalities. At the same time, national authorities allowed local governments to choose their leaders in free and open elections. The resulting revolution has been profound in its reach and stunning in the silent shift of power from central to local authorities. The Quiet Revolution traces the growth and effects of decentralization and democratization in Latin America throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Based on first-hand accounts from mayors, local officials, and neighborhood leaders, Tim Campbell focuses on those cities and towns that made the most of their new intergovernmental arrangements. He further argues that the reforms, which are vital to long-term sustainable growth in the region, are in danger of being smothered by current policy responses from national and international institutions. Campbell's research, conducted over a ten-year span, counters conventional wisdom about the role of development banks in the process of state reform and offers timely insights into similar events taking place in other parts of the world.

Author : G. Shabbir Cheema,Dennis A. Rondinelli
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2007-08-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780815713906

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Decentralizing Governance by G. Shabbir Cheema,Dennis A. Rondinelli Pdf

The trend toward greater decentralization of governance activities, now accepted as commonplace in the West, has become a worldwide movement. This international development—largely a product of globalization and democratization—is clearly one of the key factors reshaping economic, political, and social conditions throughout the world. Rather than the top-down, centralized decisionmaking that characterized communist economies and Third World dictatorships in the twentieth century, today's world demands flexibility, adaptability, and the autonomy to bring those qualities to bear. In this thought-provoking book, the first in a new series on Innovations in Governance, experts in government and public management trace the evolution and performance of decentralization concepts, from the transfer of authority within government to the sharing of power, authority, and responsibilities among broader governance institutions. This movement is not limited to national government—it also affects subnational governments, NGOs, private corporations, and even civil associations. The contributors assess the emerging concepts of decentralization (e.g., devolution, empowerment, capacity building, and democratic governance). They detail the factors driving the movement, including political changes such as the fall of the Iron Curtain and the ascendance of democracy; economic factors such as globalization and outsourcing; and technological advances (e.g. increased information technology and electronic commerce). Their analysis covers many different contexts and regions. For example, William Ascher of Claremont McKenna College chronicles how decentralization concepts are playing out in natural resources policy, while Kadmeil Wekwete (United Nations) outlines the specific challenges to decentralizing governance in sub-Saharan Africa. In each case, contributors explore the objectives of a decentralizing strategy as well as the benefits and difficulties that will likely result.

Author : Agnès Alexandre-Collier
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1368422473

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(Re)Mapping the Centres Membership and State by Agnès Alexandre-Collier Pdf

How is it possible to belong to a territory when its boundaries are no longer exclusively physical? How can we define the centre, or allegiance to that centre, at the beginning of the third millennium, if that centre cannot hold? 2In an age when appeals are made both to sovereignty and "the global village", when terms such as "subsidiarity" and "the international community" have become common currency, the notion of membership is irrevocably plural. 3This obviously invites reflection upon the fluctuating relations between central authority and secessionist tendencies in a historical perspective. Today one might consider that the issues of federalism and devolution are not necessarily incompatible. Another case in point would be the tensions between competing conceptions of nationhood experienced in America, between the "melting pot" and a genuinely multicultural society, and between the various linguistic, social, religious and ideological identities.

Author : United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG)
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2008-11-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0821377353

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Decentralization and Local Democracy in the World by United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) Pdf

'Decentralization and Local Democracy in the World' constitutes a global reference on decentralization by presenting the contemporary situation of local governments in all regions of the world. The report analyzes local authorities in each continent under three main themes: the evolution of territorial structures; responsibilities and power, management and finances; and local democracy. An additional chapter is dedicated to the governance of large metropolises, where rapid growth presents major challenges, in particular in the fast-developing countries of the South. This report also offers a comparative overview of the different realities concerning the state of decentralization, and how the basic indispensable mechansims for local democracy do, or do not exist in come countries. Relationships between the state and local authorities are evolving toward innovative forms of cooperation. In this context, the role of local authorities in the development of global policies is increasingly recognized. The first Global Observatory on Local Democracy and Decentralization (GOLD) Report is one of the main products of United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG). The GOLD Report is the first of what will be a triennial publication. UCLG represents and defends the interests of local governments on the world stage, regardless of the size of the communities they serve. Headquartered in Barcelona, the organization's stated mission is: To be the united voice and world advocate of democratic local self-government, promoting its values, objectives and interests, through cooperation between local governments, and within the wider international community.

Author : Andrew N. Parker
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Decentralization in government
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Decentralization by Andrew N. Parker Pdf

June 1995 Although decentralization initiatives have a long history, much more needs to be understood about various components of decentralization before sound advice can be given to policymakers. Special strategies are needed to address the widespread incidence of rural poverty in developing countries, but initiatives aimed at improving the rural standard of living have not consistently reduced poverty. Parker examines the rationale for a specific rural focus in poverty reduction programs and reviews recent attempts to encourage rural development. He discusses the role decentralization could play in rural development programs and analyzes recent efforts to implement decentralized rural development programs. Parker concludes that although decentralization initiatives have a long history, much more needs to be understood about various components of decentralization before sound advice can be given to policymakers. He suggests a conceptual model--based on a soufflé theory of decentralization--that incorporates the essential elements of political, fiscal, and institutional decentralization as they relate to rural development outcomes. Like a soufflé that requires just the right combination of milk, eggs, and heat to rise, a successful program of decentralization must include just the right combination of political, fiscal, and institutional elements to improve rural development outcomes. This paper--a product of the Sector Policy and Water Resources Division, Agriculture and Natural Resources Department--is part of a larger effort in the department to develop a new strategy for rural development. The study was partly funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Decentralization, Fiscal Systems, and Rural Development (RPO 679-68).

Author : Robert D. Ebel,Gábor Péteri
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Decentralization in government
ISBN : 9951503004

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The Kosovo Decentralization Briefing Book by Robert D. Ebel,Gábor Péteri Pdf