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The Agrarian Origins of Commerce and Industry by Yujiro Hayami,Toshihiko Kawagoe Pdf
This study challenges the traditional image of peasants in developing economies as always passive to market forces. In this study of marketing upland crops in Indonesia the authors demonstrate active peasant participation and entrepreneurship in commercial and industrial activities. The peasant marketing system not only works as an effective bridge between farm producers and consumers but also produces significant employment and income in the rural sector. The Indonesian case suggests a genuine possibility of rural-based economic development in the third world.
The Political Economy of the Family Farm by Sue Headlee Pdf
Agriculture played an important role in the transition to capitalism in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century. In her study, Sue Headlee argues that the family farm system, with its progressive nature and egalitarian class structure, revolutionized this transition to capitalism. The family farm is examined in light of its economic and political implications, showing the relationship between the family farm and fledgling industrial capitalism, a relationship that fostered the simultaneous industrial and agricultural revolutions and the creation of an agro-industrial complex. Headlee focuses on the adoption of the horse-drawn mechanical reaper (to harvest wheat) by family farmers in the 1850s. The neoclassical economic explanation, with its emphasis on the farm as a profit-maximizing firm, is criticized for its lack of recognition of the role of the family farm's egalitarian class structure. This look at the economic history of the United States has lessons for the Third World today: agricultural development is vital to the transition to capitalism; the agrarian class structures of Third World countries may be holding back that transition; and a family farm/land reform approach would lead to increases in productivity and in the material well-being of society. Headlee's analysis supports three important debates in political economy, thus providing the historical and theoretical context for understanding the role of agriculture in the transition to capitalism in general and in the particular case of the United States. Her findings conclude that agrarian class structures can explain the differential patterns of development in pre-industrial Europe. Further evidence is presented that the internal class structure of agrarian society is the crucial causal factor in the transition to capitalism and that market developments alone are not sufficient. Lastly and most controversially, Headlee acknowledges the importance of the Civil War in propelling the triumph of American capitalism, allowing the Republican Party (an alliance of family farmers and industrial capitalists) to take control of the state from the Democratic Party of the southern plantation owners. This book will be of interest to scholars in political economy, economic history, agrarian economics, and development economics.
Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-economy in the Sixteenth Century by Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein Pdf
An examination of the beginnings and early conditions of the European economic system elucidates the social effects of division of labor, class-formation, and international commerce.
Author : Vernon Fowke Publisher : University of Toronto Press Page : 318 pages File Size : 52,8 Mb Release : 1946-12-15 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 9781487597160
First published in 1946, this historical analysis of Canadian agricultural policy from 1600 to 1930 tests the assumption that agriculture has been Canada's basic industry, central in the economic and political life of the nation. Professor Fowke demonstrates that agricultural interests have always been secondary in shaping agricultural policy. Government attitudes have been influenced less by economic and political agrarian pressures than by such considerations as defence of empire, provisioning of the staple trades, and later the investment opportunities offered to industry, commerce, and finance by an expanding agricultural frontier.
Toward the Rural-based Development of Commerce and Industry by Y?jir? Hayami Pdf
A traditional paradigm in development economics assumes that the process of modern economic growth is associated with a major shift in labor from rural hinterlands to urban industrial centers. However, the logic of economic development does not dictate that industrialization and urbanization are intertwined and inseparable, as assumed in the traditional paradigm. The studies reported in this volume examine whether an alternative route of economic development might exist in which the modern production base also moves into the rural sector instead of the rural labor force alone moving into the urban sector. Part I focuses on historical experiences in Japan such as technical and institutional innovations in rice marketing, and the formation of Toyota's relationship with suppliers. Part II reports on current developments in East Asia including the rural garment and weaving industries in Northern Thailand, and rural entrepreneurship and industrial development in Korea.
The Origin of Capitalism by Ellen Meiksins Wood Pdf
Capitalism is not a natural and inevitable consequence of human nature, nor is it simply an extension of age-old practices of trade and commerce. In this original and provocative book Ellen Meiksins Wood reminds us that capitalism is not a natural and inevitable consequence of human nature, nor is it simply an extension of age-old practices of trade and commerce. Rather, it is a late and localized product of very specific historical conditions, which required great transformations in social relations and in the human interaction with nature. This new edition is substantially revised and expanded, with extensive new material on imperialism, anti-Eurocentric history, capitalism and the nation-state, and the differences between capitalism and non-capitalist commerce. The author traces links between the origin of capitalism and contemporary conditions such as 'globalization', ecological degradation, and the current agricultural crisis.
The Economic History of the United States by Ernest Bogart Pdf
From the preface:"THE purpose of this book is not to rehearse the events common to political and constitutional histories of the United States, but rather to emphasize the points neglected by them. The keynote of all American history, from whatever standpoint it may be written, is found in the efforts of a virile and energetic people to appropriate and develop the wonderful natural resources of a new continent and there to realize their ideals of liberty and government. The economic history of the United States is largely the story of the achievements of a people working under free competition, untrammeled by custom, tradition, or political limitations, and whose changing conditions of environment constantly compelled new adaptations and promoted ingenuity and energy of character. The history of this economic struggle is not one whit less interesting or dramatic than the political history of the same period, while it is absolutely essential to a thorough understanding of the latter.When this book was put into manuscript, this story had nowhere been told in connected form, and it was to supply this lack that it was written. Beginning with the explorations and settlements that led to the colonization of the continent, there is traced the growth of industry, agriculture, commerce, transportation, population, and labor, from the simple, isolated agricultural communities of the colonies to the complex industrial and commercial society of today. In each period the important events are emphasized, and the attempt is made to bring out clearly their causal relations. While the chronological order of presentation has been followed in general, related chapters are so grouped that the thread of the narrative is broken as little as possible. Owing to the inaccessibility of many of the data upon which the reasoning and conclusions are based, as well as the lack of any other single volume covering just the same ground, it has been thought desirable to state clearly though concisely the chief facts involved. Where the statistical form of presentation was possible, they have been condensed into a statistical table. The endeavor has been made, however, to keep the facts subordinate and to interrupt as little as possible the continuity of the narrative.The book has been written for high-school as well as college students. An effort has been made to adapt the subject matter to students of both grades by the addition of a number of Suggestive Topics and Questions, with Selected References at the end of each chapter, which can be used for further research at the discretion of the teacher. The full titles of all references given for this purpose can easily be found in the finding list or bibliography at the end of the book. The chapter bibliographies contain a few only of the most useful and accessible references; those marked with a double asterisk were found especially serviceable by the writer, and those with a single asterisk only slightly less so."
Agricultural Transformation in a Global History Perspective by Ellen Hillbom,Patrick Svensson Pdf
History teaches us that agricultural growth and development is necessary for achieving overall better living conditions in all societies. Although this process may seem homogenous when looked at from the outside, it is full of diversity within. This book captures this diversity by presenting eleven independent case studies ranging over time and space. By comparing outcomes, attempts are made to draw general conclusion and lessons about the agricultural transformation process.
The Broken Promise of Agricultural Progress by Cameron Muir Pdf
Food and the global agricultural system has become one of the defining public concerns of the twenty-first century. Ecological disorder and inequity is at the heart of our food system. This thoughtful and confronting book tells the story of how the development of modern agriculture promised ecological and social stability but instead descended into dysfunction. Contributing to knowledge in environmental, cultural and agricultural histories, it explores how people have tried to live in the aftermath of ‘ecological imperialism’. The Broken Promise of Agricultural Progress: An environmental history journeys to the dry inland plains of Australia where European ideas and agricultural technologies clashed with a volatile and taunting country that resisted attempts to subdue and transform it for the supply of global markets. Its wide-ranging narrative puts gritty local detail in its global context to tell the story of how cultural anxieties about civilisation, population, and race, shaped agriculture in the twentieth century. It ranges from isolated experiment farms to nutrition science at the League of Nations, from local landholders to high profile moral crusaders, including an Australian apricot grower who met Franklin D. Roosevelt and almost fed the world. This book will be useful to undergraduates and postgraduates on courses examining international comparisons of nineteenth and twentieth century agriculture, and courses studying colonial development and settler societies. It will also appeal to food concerned general readers.
A critical inquiry into the ways Americans have exploited and continue to exploit the land that sustains them, tracing attitudes toward and methods of farming from the eighteenth century to the present
Institutional Economics Perspectives on African Agricultural Development by Johann Kirsten Pdf
"Millions of Africans spend their entire lives poor, hungry, and malnourished, and most depend on agriculture for their livelihoods, either directly or indirectly. Despite its potential to drive economic growth and poverty reduction, however, African agricultural development has remained disappointing-whether because of underinvestment or poor returns to investments. This book, Institutional Economics Perspectives on African Agricultural Development, is inspired by the conviction that effective African agricultural development requires building better institutions. It provides an accessible synthesis of new institutional economics theory and research into understanding and improving African agriculture, particularly smallholder agriculture. Interspersing theory with case studies from a wide range of countries, the book addresses such policy issues as how markets for different commodities and services function in different political, cultural, and economic contexts. It not only makes an important contribution to the existing literature, but also provides development practitioners, policymakers, and graduate students working-or intending to work-in these fields with essential knowledge and tools for addressing these challenges. OVERVIEW: Theoretical and Conceptual Framework; Exchange in Goods and Services; Natural Resources Management; and An Institutional Perspective on the State: Its Role and Challenges."
Author : Pierre van der Eng Publisher : Springer Page : 375 pages File Size : 40,8 Mb Release : 1996-05-06 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 9780230372238
Agricultural Growth in Indonesia by Pierre van der Eng Pdf
The impact of both colonial economic policies and Western enterprise on indigenous agriculture in Indonesia has long been a matter of contention among scholars. This book provides the first quantification and assessment of the broad long-term trends in agricultural production and productivity since 1880. It is the first comprehensive inventory of agricultural policies and their impact on agricultural production during the colonial era and after independence. It stresses the continuity in the development of both agricultural productivity and policies from the colonial era until today.
East Asian Visions by Indermit Singh Gill,Yukon Huang,Homi J. Kharas Pdf
Despite the diversity in income levels, languages, culture, resource endowments, and political systems, the countries of East Asia are more integrated now than they have ever been. Goods, money, and ideas are being traded across the region. East Asia is redefining itself from a collection of disparate nations that looked mainly to markets in the west, to a more self-reliant, innovative, and networked region. Countries in this region are strengthening ties with each other and seeking more strategic partnerships with the rest of the world. 'East Asian Visions' is a collection of essays that convey, firsthand, how some of the most influential thinkers in East Asia view these challenges. The writers are eminent policy makers, statesmen, and scholars. They write about how competition with the west has bred success; how crises in the region have provoked introspection; and how the rise of China is catalyzing change.
