The Alawis Of Syria

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The Alawis of Syria

Michael Kerr,Craig Larkin
The Alawis of Syria Book PDF

Author : Michael Kerr,Craig Larkin
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2015-01-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190613143

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The Alawis of Syria by Michael Kerr,Craig Larkin Pdf

Throughout the turbulent history of the Levant the 'Alawis - a secretive, resilient and ancient Muslim sect - have aroused suspicion and animosity, including accusations of religious heresy. More recently they have been tarred with the brush of political separatism and complicity in the excesses of the Assad regime, claims that have gained greater traction since the onset of the Syrian uprising and subsequent devastating civil war. The contributors to this book provide a complex and nuanced reading of Syria's 'Alawi communities -from loyalist gangs (Shabiha) to outspoken critics of the regime. Drawing upon wide-ranging research that examines the historic, political and social dynamics of the 'Alawi and the Syrian state, the current tensions are scrutinised and fresh insights offered. Among the themes addressed are religious practice, social identities, and relations to the Ba'ath party, the Syrian state and the military apparatus. The analysis also extends to Lebanon with a focus on the embattled 'Alawi community of Jabal Mohsen in Tripoli and state relations with Hizballah amid the current crisis.

Cycle of Fear

Leon T. Goldsmith
Cycle of Fear Book PDF

Author : Leon T. Goldsmith
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : History
ISBN : 9781849044684

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Cycle of Fear by Leon T. Goldsmith Pdf

In early 2011 an elderly Alawite shaykh lamented the long history of oppression and aggression against his people. Against such collective memories the Syrian uprising was viewed by many Alawites, and observers, as a revanchist Sunni Muslim movement and the gravest threat yet to the unorthodox Shi'a sub-sect. This explained why the Alawites largely remained loyal to the Ba'athist regime of Bashar al-Asad. But was Alawite history really a constant tale of oppression and was the Syrian uprising of 2011 really an existential threat to the Alawites? This book surveys Alawite history from the sect's inception in Abbasid Iraq up to the start of the uprising in 2011. The book shows how Alawite identity and political behaviour have been shaped by a cycle of insecurity that has prevented the group from achieving either genuine social integration or long term security. Rather than being the gravest threat yet to the sect, the Syrian uprising, in the context of the Arab Spring, was quite possibly a historic opportunity for the Alawites to finally break free from their cycle of fear.

A History of the ‘Alawis

Stefan Winter
A History of the Alawis Book PDF

Author : Stefan Winter
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-09-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781400883028

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A History of the ‘Alawis by Stefan Winter Pdf

The ‘Alawis, or Alawites, are a prominent religious minority in northern Syria, Lebanon, and southern Turkey, best known today for enjoying disproportionate political power in war-torn Syria. In this book, Stefan Winter offers a complete history of the community, from the birth of the ‘Alawi (Nusayri) sect in the tenth century to just after World War I, the establishment of the French mandate over Syria, and the early years of the Turkish republic. Winter draws on a wealth of Ottoman archival records and other sources to show that the ‘Alawis were not historically persecuted as is often claimed, but rather were a fundamental part of Syrian and Turkish provincial society. Winter argues that far from being excluded on the basis of their religion, the ‘Alawis were in fact fully integrated into the provincial administrative order. Profiting from the economic development of the coastal highlands, particularly in the Ottoman period, they fostered a new class of local notables and tribal leaders, participated in the modernizing educational, political, and military reforms of the nineteenth century, and expanded their area of settlement beyond its traditional mountain borders to emerge from centuries of Sunni imperial rule as a bona fide sectarian community. Using an impressive array of primary materials spanning nearly ten centuries, A History of the ‘Alawis provides a crucial new narrative about the development of ‘Alawi society.

Al-Saheefah Al-Alawiyah Or the Alawite Book

Imam Ali Bin Abi-talib
Al Saheefah Al Alawiyah Or the Alawite Book Book PDF

Author : Imam Ali Bin Abi-talib
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2012-08-15
Category : Religion
ISBN : 147912785X

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Al-Saheefah Al-Alawiyah Or the Alawite Book by Imam Ali Bin Abi-talib Pdf

A Collection of Prayers The Alawites, also known as Alawis (Alawiyyah), are a prominent religious group, centred in Syria, who follow a branch of the Twelver school of Shia Islam but with syncretistic elements. Alawites revere Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib), and the name 'Alawi' means followers of Ali. The sect is believed to have been founded by Ibn Nusayr during the 9th century. For this reason, Alawites are sometimes called 'Nusayris', though this term has come to have derogatory connotations in the modern era; another name, 'Ansari' (al-Ansariyyah), is believed to be a mistransliteration of 'Nusayri'. Today, Alawites represent 12 percent of the Syrian population and are a significant minority in Turkey and northern Lebanon. There is also a population living in the village of Ghajar in the occupied Golan Heights. They are often confused with the Alevis of Turkey, another Shia sect. Alawites form the dominant religious group on the Syrian coast and towns near the coast which are also inhabited by Sunnis, Christians, and Ismailis. Alawites have historically kept their beliefs secret from outsiders and non-initiated Alawites, so rumours about them have arisen. Arabic accounts of their beliefs tend to be partisan (either positively or negatively).

The Nuṣayrī-ʻAlawīs

Yaron Friedman
The Nu ayr Alaw s Book PDF

Author : Yaron Friedman
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9789004178922

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The Nuṣayrī-ʻAlawīs by Yaron Friedman Pdf

Friedman offers new and updated research on the Nusayr - Alaw sect, today a leading group in Syria, covering a variety of aspects and focusing on the Middle Ages. A century after Dussaud's "Histoire et religion des Nosair s" (1900), he reviews the history and religion of the sect in the light of old documents used by orientalists in the nineteenth century, documents that became available in the twentieth century, and later sources of the Nu ayr - Alaw sect published most recently in Lebanon. Also studied in depth for the first time is the question of the identity of the sect through the Alaw -Sunn -Sh triangle.

Among the Ruins

Christian C. Sahner
Among the Ruins Book PDF

Author : Christian C. Sahner
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199396702

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Among the Ruins by Christian C. Sahner Pdf

An accessible history of Syria's cultural and religious past documents such issues as the role of Christianity in society, the emergence of the Ba'ath party, and the arrival of Islam, and traces the origins of the current civil war.

The Struggle for Power in Syria

Nikolaos van Dam
The Struggle for Power in Syria Book PDF

Author : Nikolaos van Dam
Publisher : I. B. Tauris
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1848857608

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The Struggle for Power in Syria by Nikolaos van Dam Pdf

In the midst of turmoil in the Middle East, and in the face of protests and demonstrations from Homs to Damascus and other places all over Syria, the Ba'th Party and Bashar al-Asad are truly caught up in a struggle to hold onto power in Syria. In this important book, Nikolaos van Dam explores and explains how the Asad dynasty has come to rule Syria for about half a century and keep the complex patchwork of minorities, factions and opponents securely under control for such an unprecedented long period. Through an in-depth examination of the role of sectarian, regional and tribal loyalties, van Dam traces developments within the Ba'th party and the military and civilian power elite from the 1963 Ba'thist takeover up to the present day.

Destroying a Nation

Nikolaos Van Dam
Destroying a Nation Book PDF

Author : Nikolaos Van Dam
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781786722485

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Destroying a Nation by Nikolaos Van Dam Pdf

Following the Arab Spring, Syria descended into civil and sectarian conflict. It has since become a fractured warzone which operates as a breeding ground for new terrorist movements including ISIS as well as the root cause of the greatest refugee crisis in modern history. In this important book, former Special Envoy of the Netherlands to Syria, Nikolaos van Dam, explains the recent history of Syria, covering the growing disenchantment with the Asad regime, the chaos of civil war and the fractures which led to an immense amount of destruction in the refined social fabric of what used to be the Syrian nation. Through an in-depth examination, van Dam traces political developments within the Asad regime and the various opposition groups from the Arab Spring to the present day, and provides a deeper insight into the conflict and the possibilities and obstacles for reaching a political solution.

Alevi Identity

Tord Olsson,Elisabeth Ozdalga,Catharina Raudvere
Alevi Identity Book PDF

Author : Tord Olsson,Elisabeth Ozdalga,Catharina Raudvere
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2005-09-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781135797249

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Alevi Identity by Tord Olsson,Elisabeth Ozdalga,Catharina Raudvere Pdf

In the rising momentum for new and reformulated cultural identities, the Turkish Alevi have also emerged on the scene, demanding due recognition. In this process a number of dramatic events have served as important milestones: the clashes between Sunni and Alevi in Kahramanmaras in 1979 and Corum in 1980, the incendiarism in Sivas in 1992, and the riots in Istanbul (Gaziosmanpasa) in 1995. Less evocative, but in the long run more significant, has been the rising interest in Alevi folklore and religious practices. Questions have also arisen as to what this branch of Islamic heterodoxy represents in terms of old and new identities. In this book, these questions are addressed by some of the most prominent scholars in the field.

Syria through Jihadist Eyes

Nibras Kazimi
Syria through Jihadist Eyes Book PDF

Author : Nibras Kazimi
Publisher : Hoover Press
Page : 141 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2013-09-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780817910761

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Syria through Jihadist Eyes by Nibras Kazimi Pdf

With field notes accumulated in a Syrian environment not generally hospitable to research and inquiry, Nibras Kazimi provides a unique view of the Syrian regime and its base at home, filling a void in our understanding of the intelligence barons and soldiers who run that country. He offers a look at the tactical, propagandists and strategic ingredients required, in jihadist eyes, for a successful jihad—and whether those ingredients are available in Syria.

Syria

Richard T. Antoun,Donald Quataert
Syria Book PDF

Author : Richard T. Antoun,Donald Quataert
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1991-09-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9780791495070

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Syria by Richard T. Antoun,Donald Quataert Pdf

This book provides a multi-disciplinary understanding of the processes of change in contemporary Syria as well as its historical, social, and cultural underpinnings. A number of distinguished anthropologists, historians, political scientists, and literateurs examine key issues such as the changing Syrian family, political factionalism, the sedentarization of nomads, bureaucratic corruption, rural-urban migration, the development of the Ba'th Party, Syria's political isolation, religious resurgence, and the continued importance of sects in Syrian life. This book strikes a balance between examining the consequences of Syria's geographical and strategic position in international politics and the implications of its internal and highly complex ethnic and class structure and culture. It argues that the religious culture of Syria is as important as the leadership of Asad and, more generally, that an understanding of Syrian politics must be matched by an understanding of Syrian society and culture.

The Syrian Uprising

Raymond Hinnebusch,Omar Imady
The Syrian Uprising Book PDF

Author : Raymond Hinnebusch,Omar Imady
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2018-02-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351387606

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The Syrian Uprising by Raymond Hinnebusch,Omar Imady Pdf

Most observers did not expect the Arab spring to spread to Syria, for a number of seemingly good reasons. Yet, with amazing rapidity, massive and unprecedented anti-regime mobilization took place, which put the regime very much on the defensive; what began as the Syrian Uprising in March 2011 has evolved into one of the world’s most damaging and protracted conflicts. Despite over six years having passed since the inception of the Syrian Uprising, this phenomenon remains difficult to fully grasp, both in terms of underlying forces and long-term implications. This book presents a snapshot of how the Uprising developed in roughly the first two to three years (2011–2013) and addresses key questions regarding the domestic origins of the Uprising and its early trajectory. Firstly, what were the causes of the conflict, both in terms of structure (contradictions and crisis within the pre-Uprising order) and agency (choices of the actors)? Why did the Uprising not lead to democratization and instead descend into violent civil war with a sectarian dimension? With all 19 chapters addressing an aspect of the Uprising, the book focuses on internal dynamics, whilst a subsequent volume will look at the international dimension of the Uprising. Taking an innovative and interdisciplinary approach that seeks to capture the full complexity of the phenomenon, this book contributes significantly to our understanding of the Syrian conflict, and will therefore be a valuable resource for anyone studying Middle Eastern Politics.

The Syrian Rebellion

Fouad Ajami
The Syrian Rebellion Book PDF

Author : Fouad Ajami
Publisher : Hoover Press
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2013-09-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780817915063

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The Syrian Rebellion by Fouad Ajami Pdf

Fouad Ajami offers a detailed historical perspective on the current rebellion in Syria. Focusing on the similarities and differences in skills between former dictator Hafez al-Assad and his successor son, Bashar, Ajami explains how an irresistible force clashed with an immovable object: the regime versus people who conquered fear to challenge a despot of unspeakable cruelty.

Emergence of Minorities in the Middle East

Benjamin Thomas White
Emergence of Minorities in the Middle East Book PDF

Author : Benjamin Thomas White
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2012-09-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780748688937

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Emergence of Minorities in the Middle East by Benjamin Thomas White Pdf

This book uses a study of Syria under the French mandate to show what historical developments led people to start describing themselves and others as 'minorities'.

The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria

Dara Conduit
The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria Book PDF

Author : Dara Conduit
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781108499774

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The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria by Dara Conduit Pdf

A look at the history of the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria, examining why the group failed to capitalise on its political advantage during the Syrian uprising and civil war.