The Ancient Middle Classes

Author : Emanuel Mayer
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2012-06-15
Category : Art
ISBN : 9780674065345

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The Ancient Middle Classes by Emanuel Mayer Pdf

"Our image of the Roman world is shaped by the writings of Roman statesmen and upper class intellectuals. Yet most of the material evidence we have from Roman times--art, architecture, and household artifacts from Pompeii and elsewhere--belonged to, and was made for, artisans, merchants, and professionals. Roman culture as we have seen it with our own eyes, Emanuel Mayer boldly argues, turns out to be distinctly middle class and requires a radically new framework of analysis. Starting in the first century B.C.E., ancient communities, largely shaped by farmers living within city walls, were transformed into vibrant urban centers where wealth could be quickly acquired through commercial success. From 100 B.C.E. to 250 C.E., the archaeological record details the growth of a cosmopolitan empire and a prosperous new class rising along with it. Not as keen as statesmen and intellectuals to show off their status and refinement, members of this new middle class found novel ways to create pleasure and meaning. In the décor of their houses and tombs, Mayer finds evidence that middle-class Romans took pride in their work and commemorated familial love and affection in ways that departed from the tastes and practices of social elites."--Jacket.

Author : Emanuel Mayer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-01
Category : Middle class
ISBN : OCLC:891380371

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The Ancient Middle Classes by Emanuel Mayer Pdf

"Our image of the Roman world is shaped by the writings of Roman statesmen and upper class intellectuals. Yet most of the material evidence we have from Roman times--art, architecture, and household artifacts from Pompeii and elsewhere--belonged to, and was made for, artisans, merchants, and professionals. Roman culture as we have seen it with our own eyes, Emanuel Mayer boldly argues, turns out to be distinctly middle class and requires a radically new framework of analysis. Starting in the first century B.C.E., ancient communities, largely shaped by farmers living within city walls, were transformed into vibrant urban centers where wealth could be quickly acquired through commercial success. From 100 B.C.E. to 250 C.E., the archaeological record details the growth of a cosmopolitan empire and a prosperous new class rising along with it. Not as keen as statesmen and intellectuals to show off their status and refinement, members of this new middle class found novel ways to create pleasure and meaning. In the décor of their houses and tombs, Mayer finds evidence that middle-class Romans took pride in their work and commemorated familial love and affection in ways that departed from the tastes and practices of social elites."--Jacket.

Author : Ernst Emanuel Mayer
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-06-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674070103

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The Ancient Middle Classes by Ernst Emanuel Mayer Pdf

Our image of the Roman world is shaped by the writings of Roman statesmen and upper class intellectuals. Yet most of the material evidence we have from Roman times—art, architecture, and household artifacts from Pompeii and elsewhere—belonged to, and was made for, artisans, merchants, and professionals. Roman culture as we have seen it with our own eyes, Emanuel Mayer boldly argues, turns out to be distinctly middle class and requires a radically new framework of analysis. Starting in the first century bce, ancient communities, largely shaped by farmers living within city walls, were transformed into vibrant urban centers where wealth could be quickly acquired through commercial success. From 100 bce to 250 ce, the archaeological record details the growth of a cosmopolitan empire and a prosperous new class rising along with it. Not as keen as statesmen and intellectuals to show off their status and refinement, members of this new middle class found novel ways to create pleasure and meaning. In the décor of their houses and tombs, Mayer finds evidence that middle-class Romans took pride in their work and commemorated familial love and affection in ways that departed from the tastes and practices of social elites.

Author : Anne Leader
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2018-12-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783110625424

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Memorializing the Middle Classes in Medieval and Renaissance Europe by Anne Leader Pdf

Offering a broad overview of memorialization practices across Europe and the Mediterranean, this book examines local customs through particular case studies. These essays explore complementary themes through the lens of commemorative art, including social status; personal and corporate identities; the intersections of mercantile, intellectual, and religious attitudes; upward (and downward) mobility; and the cross-cultural exchange.

Author : Ronald M. Glassman
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9004103597

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The Middle Class and Democracy in Socio-Historical Perspective by Ronald M. Glassman Pdf

This volume presents an in-depth study of the commercial middle class and its link with legal-democratic processes. The material presented is critical for understanding both the future of democracy, and its past.

Author : Dorothy Mills
Publisher : Scholar's Choice
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2015-02-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1298300665

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The Book of the Ancient Romans - Scholar's Choice Edition by Dorothy Mills Pdf

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Author : Glassman
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 447 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2023-07-24
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9789004618060

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The Middle Class and Democracy in Socio-Historical Perspective by Glassman Pdf

This volume presents an in-depth study of the commercial middle class and its link with legal-democratic processes. The material presented is critical for understanding both the future of democracy, and its past.

Author : Bryn Rosenfeld
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780691192192

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The Autocratic Middle Class by Bryn Rosenfeld Pdf

"The conventional wisdom is that a growing middle class will give rise to democracy. Yet the middle classes of the developing world have grown at a remarkable pace over the past two decades, and much of this growth has taken place in countries that remain nondemocratic. Rosenfeld explains this phenomenon by showing how modern autocracies secure support from key middle-class constituencies. Drawing on original surveys, interviews, archival documents, and secondary sources collected from nine months in the field, she compares the experiences of recent post-communist countries, including Russia, the Ukraine, and Kazakhstan, to show that under autocracy, state efforts weaken support for democracy, especially among the middle class. When autocratic states engage extensively in their economies - by offering state employment, offering perks to those to those who are loyal, and threatening dismissal to those who are disloyal - the middle classes become dependent on the state for economic opportunities and career advancement, and, ultimately, do not support a shift toward democratization. Her argument explains why popular support for Ukraine's Orange Revolution unraveled or why Russians did not protest evidence of massive electoral fraud. The author's research questions the assumption that a rising share of educated, white-collar workers always makes the conditions for democracy more favorable, and why dependence on the state has such pernicious consequences for democratization"--

Author : Ben Zion Rosenfeld,Haim Perlmutter
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2020-05-11
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9789004418936

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Social Stratification of the Jewish Population of Roman Palestine in the Period of the Mishnah, 70–250 CE by Ben Zion Rosenfeld,Haim Perlmutter Pdf

This book defines, uncovers, dissects, and arranges the economic groups in Roman Palestine in the first centuries CE. It shows that, alongside the rich and poor, there were significant middling groups that constituted the backbone of Jewish society.

Author : Anshu Srivastava
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000425123

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Liberalised India, Politicised Middle Class and Software Professionals by Anshu Srivastava Pdf

This volume explores the emergence, evolution and definition of the middle class in India. As a class created as the interpreters between the colonial rulers and the millions whom they governed in the pre-Independence era, the Indian middle class has existed in congruence with the state, occupying vital positions in state administration. Since Independence, this middle class underwent major sociological change as they live independent of the state, which affected their social, economic and political position, reaping benefits of liberalisation and globalisation through education and employment. An otherwise internally differentiated and heterogeneous group, the new Indian middle class often unifies itself to shape socio-political discourse that affects politics and policymaking, from domestic to international affairs. This volume analyses this class phenomenon through a close study of a new metropolitan middle class in India – the software professionals, emblematic of the 'new India’. It discusses this emerging class as a political category and their engagements with the state, democracy, political parties, issues of gender, basic necessities and social justice. Further, it discusses their social action and ‘middle class activism’ for issues such as environment, cleanliness and corruption, particularly highlighting its presence in the private sector and electronic media. A fresh perspective on India’s political milieu, this volume will be of interest to scholars and researchers of sociology, modern Indian history, political science, economics and South Asia studies.

Author : Simon Gunn,Rachel Bell
Publisher : Orion Publishing Company
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : History
ISBN : 0753817217

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Middle Classes by Simon Gunn,Rachel Bell Pdf

Afternoon tea, the Women's Institute, Mrs. Beeton, department stores, suburbia, seaside holidays, and cycling clubs—all are preserves of the great middle class. But where did the middle classes come from? And what makes a person middle class today? Although the term is part of our everyday language, the middle class has not been a feature of the British social scene from time immemorial. Drawing on the memories and life stories of individuals and families, as well as the words of distinguished historians and social commentators, this fascinating portrait of a people traces the roots of middle-class values in Victorian England through to the great educational reforms of the 20th century. Panoramic and personal, this book provides a compelling picture of this influential social group and looks at what their future might be.

Author : Herbert Hill
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1952
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015004719434

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The Roman Middle Class in the Republican Period by Herbert Hill Pdf

Author : Juan Carlos Moreno Garcia
Publisher : Oxbow Books
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2016-10-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781785702839

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Dynamics of Production in the Ancient Near East by Juan Carlos Moreno Garcia Pdf

The transition between the 2nd and the 1st millennium BC was an era of deep economic changes in the ancient Near East. An increasing monetization of transactions, a broader use of silver, the management of the resources of temples through “entrepreneurs”, the development of new trade circuits and an expanding private, small-scale economy, transformed the role previously played by institutions such as temples and royal palaces. The 17 essays collected here analyze the economic transformations which affected the old dominant powers of the Late Bronze Age, their adaptation to a new economic environment, the emergence of new economic actors and the impact of these changes on very different social sectors and geographic areas, from small communities in the oases of the Egyptian Western Desert to densely populated urban areas in Mesopotamia. Egypt was not an exception. Traditionally considered as a conservative and highly hierarchical and bureaucratic society, Egypt shared nevertheless many of these characteristics and tried to adapt its economic organization to the challenges of a new era. In the end, the emergence of imperial super-powers (Assyria, Babylonia, Persia and, to a lesser extent, Kushite and Saite Egypt) can be interpreted as the answer of former palatial organizations to the economic and geopolitical conditions of the early Iron Age. A new order where competition for the control of flows of wealth and of strategic trading areas appears crucial.

Author : A. Ricardo López
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 461 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2012-01-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9780822351290

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The Making of the Middle Class by A. Ricardo López Pdf

The contributors question the current academic understanding of what is known as the global middle class. They see middle-class formation as transnational and they examine this group through the lenses of economics, gender, race, and religion from the mid-nineteenth century to today.

Author : Malcolm Richardson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2015-10-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317323976

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Middle-Class Writing in Late Medieval London by Malcolm Richardson Pdf

Richardson explores how a powerful culture of writing was created in late medieval London, even though initially few inhabitants could actually write themselves. Whilst previous studies have tended to focus on middle-class literary reading patterns, this study examines writing skills separately both from reading skills and from literature.