The Baltic Question During The Cold War

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The Baltic Question During the Cold War

John Hiden,Vahur Made,David J. Smith
The Baltic Question During the Cold War Book PDF

Author : John Hiden,Vahur Made,David J. Smith
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2008-03-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9781134197309

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The Baltic Question During the Cold War by John Hiden,Vahur Made,David J. Smith Pdf

This edited volume presents a comprehensive analysis of the ‘Baltic question’, which arose within the context of the Cold War, and which has previously received little attention. This volume brings together a group of international specialists on the international history of northern Europe. It combines country-based chapters with more thematic approaches, highlighting above all the political dimension of the Baltic question, locating it firmly in the context of international politics. It explores the policy decision-making mechanisms which sustained the Western non-recognition of Soviet sovereignty over the Baltic States after 1940 and which eventually led to the legal restoration of the three countries’ statehood in 1991. The wider international ramifications of this doctrine of legal continuity are also examined, within the context both of the Cold War and of relations between post-soviet Russia and the enlarging ‘Euro-Atlantic area’. The book ends with an examination of how this Cold War legacy continues to shape relations between Russia and the West.

The Baltic States and the End of the Cold War

Kaarel Piirimäe,Olaf Mertelsmann
The Baltic States and the End of the Cold War Book PDF

Author : Kaarel Piirimäe,Olaf Mertelsmann
Publisher : Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Baltic States
ISBN : 3631716559

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The Baltic States and the End of the Cold War by Kaarel Piirimäe,Olaf Mertelsmann Pdf

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania at the end of the Cold War - Politics of history in Russia - Gorbachev, Perestroika and Glasnost - Atheism, and informal social networks - Soviet cultural diplomacy - Danish diplomacy and the Baltic question - Normalization regime in Czechoslovakia - Baltic diasporas - Use of force and the coup d'état in the USSR in 1991 - Security narratives in the 1990s

Politics of Uncertainty

Una Bergmane
Politics of Uncertainty Book PDF

Author : Una Bergmane
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : History
ISBN : 9780197578346

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Politics of Uncertainty by Una Bergmane Pdf

"30 years after the Soviet collapse this book aims to tackle the interplay between international and domestic dynamics in the Soviet disintegration process. Based on extensive archival research, it investigates the triangular relations between the US government, Baltic independence movements and Moscow during the Perestroika years. Occupied and illegally annexed by the USSR in 1940 Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were the first Soviet republics to push the limits of Perestroika and demand independence from the Soviet Union. The Baltic problem, minor at first glance, started to gain more and more international visibility and by 1990 risked derailing issues that mattered in the eyes of both Soviet and American leaders -- the transformation of the Soviet state and transformation of the European order. Both Washington and Moscow wanted to diffuse the Baltic crisis, but none of them were certain how to do it. The United States had never recognized the annexation of the Baltic states and thus tried to perform a highly challenging balancing act of supporting Baltic independence without jeopardizing their relations with Kremlin. Meanwhile Gorbachev faced an increasingly pressing choice between democratization and preservation of the Soviet empire. In other words this book studies the relations between those at the top of international and domestic power hierarchies with those situated at their margins. It shows how at the time of deep historical change the disruption of existing power structures causes uncertainty that limits the agency of the powerful and opens widows of opportunity for those seen as marginal"--

Roosevelt, Churchill, and the Baltic Question

K. Piirimäe
Roosevelt Churchill and the Baltic Question Book PDF

Author : K. Piirimäe
Publisher : Springer
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2014-09-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781137442345

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Roosevelt, Churchill, and the Baltic Question by K. Piirimäe Pdf

In 1940, the USSR occupied and annexed Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, leading to calls by many that the Soviets had violated international law. This book examines British, US, and Soviet policies toward the Baltic states, placing the true significance of the Baltic question in its proper geopolitical context.

Bridging the Baltic Sea

Lars Fredrik Stöcker
Bridging the Baltic Sea Book PDF

Author : Lars Fredrik Stöcker
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-12-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781498551281

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Bridging the Baltic Sea by Lars Fredrik Stöcker Pdf

Tracing the origins, evolution, and goals of Polish and Estonian émigré politics in Cold War Sweden and its linkages with both the host and homeland societies, this book investigates the transnational dimension of resistance and opposition to the communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe. The analysis of the constantly shifting, at times conspiratorial, and even subversive networks that transcended the Iron Curtain draws a line from World War II to the collapse of the Soviet Union, framing half a century of transnationally concerted political activism in a geographical context that has not received much scholarly attention. Challenging the image of the Baltic Sea Region as a periphery of the European Cold War theater, the topography of the multilayered and complex linkages between neutral Sweden and her opposite coasts suggests that the small inland sea was a particularly vibrant setting for processes that efficiently defied the rigid border regimes of the Cold War era. This book relates both to ongoing historiographical debates about the scope and extent of East-West contacts that developed underneath the radar of international diplomacy and to the question of the role, significance, and impact of émigré politics during the Cold War. Embedding the dynamics of transnationally framed opposition in the wider context of political, economic, and cultural relations at the northeastern peripheries of divided Europe, the study not only sheds new light on so far still unexplored facets of interaction and cooperation between societies in East and West, but also offers a first comprehensive synthesis of the Baltic Sea Region’s post-war history.

Germany and the Baltic Problem After the Cold War

Kristina Spohr Readman
Germany and the Baltic Problem After the Cold War Book PDF

Author : Kristina Spohr Readman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2004-06-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135770228

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Germany and the Baltic Problem After the Cold War by Kristina Spohr Readman Pdf

The root question this book addresses is how the new Germany will use its re-found status as a great power. Does Germany - as in the past - aim to dominate Europe? Or has it renounced its imperial ambitions following the trauma of division during the Cold War? In seeking answers to these questions, Kristina Spohr Readman scrutinises the development of Germany's new Ostpolitik (eastern policy) in the period 1989-2000. Against the background of recent European history, she analyses the re-establishment of a special relationship between Bonn/Berlin and Moscow. In particular, she assesses the peculiar geopolitical situation of the Baltic states: caught between a turbulent Russia in the east and a unified Germany in the west. The Baltic case reveals the complexities of a post-Cold War European security architecture in the making.

Post-Cold War Identity Politics

Marko Lehti,David J Smith
Post Cold War Identity Politics Book PDF

Author : Marko Lehti,David J Smith
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2004-11-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135760496

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Post-Cold War Identity Politics by Marko Lehti,David J Smith Pdf

During the past decade northern Europe has started to assume an identity of its own. Categories of East and West have become blurred, challenging as well the idea of what it means to be Nordic. Post-Cold War Identity Politics maps this process in Scandinavia. Looking at projects designed to help regional development in the Nordic countires, it assesses whether a new way of defining 'Northern-ness' is emerging. The book highlights the existence of co-existing and - to some extent - competing region-building projects in northern Europe. It demonstrates how they are all efforts by existing nations to redefine their role in Europe at a time of change, and points to how they might develop in the future.

Germany and the Baltic Problem After the Cold War

Kristina Spohr Readman
Germany and the Baltic Problem After the Cold War Book PDF

Author : Kristina Spohr Readman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2004-06-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135770235

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Germany and the Baltic Problem After the Cold War by Kristina Spohr Readman Pdf

The root question this book addresses is how the new Germany will use its re-found status as a great power. In seeking an answer, Kristina Spohr Readman scrutinises Germany's new Ostpolitik (eastern policy) in the period 1989-2000.

The Baltic Sea Region and the Cold War

Olaf Mertelsmann,Kaarel Piirimäe
The Baltic Sea Region and the Cold War Book PDF

Author : Olaf Mertelsmann,Kaarel Piirimäe
Publisher : Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Baltic Sea Region
ISBN : 3631623100

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The Baltic Sea Region and the Cold War by Olaf Mertelsmann,Kaarel Piirimäe Pdf

This volume focuses on the Baltic Sea region during the Cold War. Recent research conducted in several countries has sought to revise a number of long-established assumptions about the Cold-War conflict, as they do not seem to fit into the context of the Baltic world. The bipolar perspective on the Cold War is more and more being replaced by the idea of multiple players being active on different levels. Thus it is now recognised that the so called Iron Curtain was not insurmountable and a variety of contacts in such fields as economics, culture, media or tourism could take place. In addition, neutral countries also participated vividly in Cold War interaction. Thus, not only high politics, security or military issues were at stake.

Security Strategies, Power Disparity and Identity

Olav F. Knudsen
Security Strategies Power Disparity and Identity Book PDF

Author : Olav F. Knudsen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351149501

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Security Strategies, Power Disparity and Identity by Olav F. Knudsen Pdf

What is power and how is it effective? This volume responds to these questions in terms of regional international relations with a particular focus on the Baltic Sea region, an area still charged with a residue of Cold War conflict and power disparity, in a setting of new cooperative ventures. Each contributor examines the region from a different angle and discusses how its actors coped with the new situation facing them after 1991. The volume looks at how governments have defined their new circumstances, how they have dealt with the opportunity to shift to a new mode of coexistence and collaboration, and how they have tackled the challenge of peacefully converting their region to a security community. The book breaks with tradition by adopting a new, thematic approach based on regional issues and functions rather than a country-by-country discourse. It will be of critical value to readers interested in security studies and European politics.

The Baltic States

Thomas Lane,Artis Pabriks,Aldis Purs,David J. Smith
The Baltic States Book PDF

Author : Thomas Lane,Artis Pabriks,Aldis Purs,David J. Smith
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 708 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781136483110

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The Baltic States by Thomas Lane,Artis Pabriks,Aldis Purs,David J. Smith Pdf

Since the end of the Cold War there has been an increased interest in the Baltics. The Baltic States brings together three titles, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, to provide a comprehensive and analytical guide integrating history, political science, economic development and contemporary events into one account. Since gaining their independence, each country has developed at its own pace with its own agenda and facing its own obstacles. The authors examine the tensions accompanying a post-communist return to Europe after the long years of separation and how each country has responded to the demands of becoming a modern European state. Estonia was the first of the former Soviet republics to enter membership negotiations with the European Union in 1988 and is a potential candidate for the next round of EU expansion in 2004. Lithuania and Latvia have also expressed their desire for future membership of NATO and the EU.

The Baltic States in World Politics

Birthe Hansen,Bertel Heurlin
The Baltic States in World Politics Book PDF

Author : Birthe Hansen,Bertel Heurlin
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : History
ISBN : 0312215274

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The Baltic States in World Politics by Birthe Hansen,Bertel Heurlin Pdf

The aim of this collaborative work is to focus on the international dimension of Estonia's, Latvia's and Lithuania's security challenges after their re-emergence as independent states in 1991. Given their specific geopolitical positioning between the 'old' West and Russia, however, they are subject to particularly acute attention in spite of their smallness. As a result, they have come to represent incarnations of several fundamental post-Cold War questions including: What are the new limits of the West? How does Russia react to international changes? How does the 'new' Europe extend to include even parts of the former Soviet Union? How do small states seceding from a losing, collapsing empire react when exposed to a new international context? What, in fact, does their international position tell us about the new World Order?

Diplomats Without a Country

James T. McHugh,James S. Pacy
Diplomats Without a Country Book PDF

Author : James T. McHugh,James S. Pacy
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2001-08-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780313318788

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Diplomats Without a Country by James T. McHugh,James S. Pacy Pdf

Diplomats representing Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania continued to perform their functions even after annexation of their countries by the Soviet Union in 1940 and the subsequent elimination of their respective governments. Throughout the Cold War, certain Western nations, including the United States, continued to grant recognition to these diplomats without countries. These aging diplomats persisted in this anomalous situation until the ultimate restoration of Baltic independence. Their brave and highly imaginative activities offer an insight into the resiliency of the human spirit, especially in support of ideals such as self-determination and human rights. McHugh and Pacy use this examination to advocate the relevance of political realism within international relations, as well as to challenge the perceived limitations imposed by political superpowers and a rigid international legal system. This book explores these issues in the context of Baltic diplomatic and political history, the letter and spirit of international law, the motivations and strategies of international relations, and the politics of the Cold War. It suggests possible guidelines for applying the lessons of this unique episode to current and future controversies in the areas of self-determination and human rights. Finally, it offers the most extensive array of biographical sketches available on leading Baltic diplomats, including many who sacrificed their lives to continue this struggle.

The Baltic States and the End of the Soviet Empire

Kristian Gerner,Stefan Hedlund
The Baltic States and the End of the Soviet Empire Book PDF

Author : Kristian Gerner,Stefan Hedlund
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2018-05-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351059138

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The Baltic States and the End of the Soviet Empire by Kristian Gerner,Stefan Hedlund Pdf

First published in 1993. How is it possible for the three tiny Baltic republics to gain their freedom from the Soviet Union, without a single shot being fired or a single stone thrown at the oppressor? The topic of this book is the implosion of the Soviet empire. It tells the parallel stories of how the three Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania struggled successfully to gain their freedom, and how the policies pursued by Mikhail Gorbachev served to mobilize and politicize Baltic demands. Particular emphasis is placed on unintended consequences that resulted from repeated interventions by Moscow. The authors develop a loose theoretic framework for the examination of this critical struggle. The study starts by developing the analytical tools and then proceeds to outline, as background, the most salient features of Gorbachev's reform programme and of the history of the Baltic States. The core of the analysis is then presented in three chapters, devoted to three consecutive stages in the game. The first shows how strategies on both sides were initially formulated in consensus. In the second it is shown how consensus transformed into pure conflict, and in the third all actors are seeking to escape general collapse. The main conclusion points at the absence of ‘politics’ in the Soviet System as a main cause of its self-destruction.

The German Question and the Origins of the Cold War

Nicolas Lewkowicz
The German Question and the Origins of the Cold War Book PDF

Author : Nicolas Lewkowicz
Publisher : Ipoc Press
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : History
ISBN : 9788895145273

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The German Question and the Origins of the Cold War by Nicolas Lewkowicz Pdf

The book analyses the role of the German Question in the origins of the Cold War. The work evaluates the transformation which occurred in Germany and the post-war international order due to the inter-Allied work on denazification. The author analyses the Rationalist aspects of superpower interaction, with particular emphasis on the legal and diplomatic framework which sustained not only the treatment of the German Question but also the general context of inter-Allied relations. The author also tackles the conflictual aspects of the treatment of the German Question by examining superpower interaction in relation to the enforcement of their structural interests. The main argument of the book is that due to the interaction between the elements of intervention and coexistence, the German Question constituted the most significant issue in the configuration of the post-war international order.