The Blood Brain Barrier Amino Acids And Peptides

Author : M. Segal,Berislav V. Zlokovic
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789400922297

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The Blood-Brain Barrier, Amino Acids and Peptides by M. Segal,Berislav V. Zlokovic Pdf

Definition of the barrier The interstitial fluid (rSF) of the brain is separated from the blood by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This barrier must not be thought of as a single entity or as an absolute restriction to all molecules, but as a multiple structure located at several sites within the brain. The first of these interfaces is located at the endothelium of the brain capillaries. Secondly there is a potential site for interchange on the outer linings of the brain between the dura and the arachnoid membranes. Thirdly, there are the choroid plexuses and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which is in contact with the very permeable internal ependymal lining of the brain (Figure 1. 1). Finally there are areas of the brain which lack a blood-brain barrier. These areas constitute the circumventricu lar organs and have leaky capillaries with a barrier at the ependyma which limits the spread of molecules from those regions (Figure 1. 2). Each of these BBB sites has its own characteristic permeability and transport functions. We will now consider the properties of each of these barrier sites between the blood and the brain. THE CEREBRAL CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM Morphology This interface has both the largest surface area and the shortest path length between the blood and the brain rSF. The cerebral capillaries, which at first sight seem little different from the rest of the systemic circulation, are in fact unique to the brain.

Author : Ljubiša Rakić
Publisher : Stockton Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015014471943

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Peptide and Amino Acid Transport Mechanisms in the Central Nervous System by Ljubiša Rakić Pdf

Addresses the regulation, within the brain extracellular fluid, of peptide and amino acid levels, particularly neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Particular attention is devoted to the way in which peptides may either penetrate the blood-brain barrier or alter its permeability to other solutes. Focuses on central nervous system disease, especially in designing drugs and agents which will penetrate the blood-brain barrier and expert central nervous actions. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author : Laszlo Prokai,Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783034880497

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Peptide Transport and Delivery into the Central Nervous System by Laszlo Prokai,Katalin Prokai-Tatrai Pdf

Hypo- or hypersecretion, alteration in storage, release, catabolism, and post-translational processing of neuropeptides are associated with the etiology of many diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Various peptides native to the brain and the spinal cord, as well as various synthetic peptides, peptide analogues and peptidomimetics developed as their agonists or antagonists could be useful in the treatment of these CNS maladies. However, peptides face a formidable obstacle in reaching the intended site of action due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a vital element in the regulation of the internal environment of the brain and the spinal cord. After reviews on the role and neuropharmaceutical potential of peptides, properties of the BBB in the context of peptide transport in the CNS and potential transport mechanisms to cross the BBB, this volume discusses the development, present state-of-the-art and future trends of various strategies to overcome this major obstacle to peptide pharmacotherapy involving the CNS. Chapters are devoted to cover invasive approaches that circumvent the BBB by direct administration into the brain or the spinal cord and by transiently opening the tight junctions of or permeabilizing the endothelial cells separating the systemic circulation from the interstitial fluid of the CNS. Subsequently, physiologically based strategies that utilize biological carriers to gain access to the CNS are discussed in detail, followed by methods encompassing prodrug and chemical delivery/targeting strategies, which aim at altering the properties of the peptide to enhance BBB transport, and drug delivery strategies based on peptide vectors. Finally, a comparative evaluation on the present status and perspectives of the techniques is presented.

Author : Davson
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0849377617

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An Introduction to the Blood-brain Barrier by Davson Pdf

This book is devoted to exploring the complexities of the blood-brain barrier. The book begins by reviewing the historical experiments that led to the concept of a barrier protecting the brain from variations in the blood. Transport kinetics and carrier-mediated processes are described, and the mechanism by which molecules can cross the barrier is discussed. Ways in which the barrier can be disrupted and opened are covered as well. Subsequent chapters in the book describe the transport of glucose and amino acids into the central nervous systems, cover recent findings by which peptides and proteins are able to gain entry or are excluded from the brain, and analyze models that can be used for investigating how the blood-brain barrier can be disordered in neurological disease processes.

Author : Michael W.B. Bradbury
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 562 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642768941

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Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Michael W.B. Bradbury Pdf

The blood-brain barrier is still not completely understood and therefore the subject of fascinating study. How are endogenous substances transported through the blood-brain barrier? What are the known therapeutic and toxic agents? How are they transported across cerebral microvessels? The discussion of these and other questions with far-reaching consequences for all neuroscientists can be found in this volume. This authoritative and up-to-date review of the blood-brain barrier gives a proper understanding of the topic. The experimental principles, the results of very recent research, as well as the implications that experimental research has for clinical treatment are thoroughly covered. Information is given on: - new findings based on classical physiological and pharmacological techniques, - results obtained from brain capillaries in vitro and in culture, - results obtained from the new scanning techniques (PET and MRI), - the immunology of the blood-brain barrier, - trace metal transport, - the pathological breakdown of the barrier and - the modification of drugs to increase their entry into the brain. Here is a source of information that is invaluable to specialists concerned with basic research in the neurosciences, with the design of neuropharmacological agents, with the radiological diagnosis of cerebral pathology or with the treatment of cerebral lesions!

Author : William M. Pardridge
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1998-08-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780521581240

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Introduction to the Blood-Brain Barrier by William M. Pardridge Pdf

The blood-brain barrier serves to protect the brain from toxic substances whilst simultaneously allowing access to essential nutrients and chemical signals. At the interface between brain and body, knowledge of the blood-brain barrier forms an essential component in the complete understanding of a large proportion of medical disciplines. Nevertheless, it seems that ignorance of both the biology of this important membrane and the methodology suitable for its investigation still remains an impediment to progress in many fields, including, for example, the development of new and efficacious neuropharmaceuticals, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral AIDS and brain tumours. This introduction for both researchers and clinicians across the medical sciences is intended to aid both those beginning work directly in this area and those wishing simply to be better informed when interpreting information where the blood-brain barrier may be involved. Advances in both methodology and biology are detailed in 50 chapters from international authorities.

Author : Pierre-Olivier Couraud,Daniel Scherman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781475794892

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Biology and Physiology of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Pierre-Olivier Couraud,Daniel Scherman Pdf

The endothelial cells of the cerebral vasculature constitute, together with perivascular elements (astrocytes, pcricytes, basement membrane), the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which strictly limits and specifically controls the exchanges between the blood and the cerebral extracellular spacc.The existence of such a physical, enzymatic, and active barrier isolating the central nervous system has broad physiological, biological, pharmacological, and patho logical consequences, most of which are not yet fully elucidated. The Cerebral Vascular Biology conference (CVB '95) was organized and held at the "Carre des Sciences" in Paris on July I 0-12, 1995. Like the CVB '92 conference held in Duluth, Minnesota, three years ago, the objectives were to provide a forum for presentation of the most recent progresses and to stimulate discussions in the ticld of the biology, physiology. and pathology of the blood-brain barrier. The Paris conference gathered more than !50 participants. including investigators in basic neuroscience, physicians. and stu dents, who actively contributed to the scientific program by their oral or poster presentations. This volume contains a collection of short articles that summarize most of the new data that were presented at the conference. Six thematic parts focus on physiological transports. drug delivery, multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein, signal transduction at the BBB. interactions between the immune system and the cerebral endothelial cells, and the blood-brain barrier-related pathologies in the central nervous system. In addition, two introductory articles present new insights in the rapidly evolving topics of cerebral angiogenesis and gene transfer to the brain.

Author : William M. Pardridge
Publisher : Raven Press (ID)
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015022016532

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Peptide Drug Delivery to the Brain by William M. Pardridge Pdf

Discusses new and established strategies for delivering peptides and antibodies through the blood-brain barrier. It reviews concepts on blood-brain barrier transport biology, assesses the utility and limitations of traditional brain drug delivery methods and describes new drug delivery techniques.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Military Nutrition Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1999-09-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309172813

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The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Military Nutrition Research Pdf

It is a commonly held belief that athletes, particularly body builders, have greater requirements for dietary protein than sedentary individuals. However, the evidence in support of this contention is controversial. This book is the latest in a series of publications designed to inform both civilian and military scientists and personnel about issues related to nutrition and military service. Among the many other stressors they experience, soldiers face unique nutritional demands during combat. Of particular concern is the role that dietary protein might play in controlling muscle mass and strength, response to injury and infection, and cognitive performance. The first part of the book contains the committee's summary of the workshop, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The remainder of the book contains papers contributed by speakers at the workshop on such topics as, the effects of aging and hormones on regulation of muscle mass and function, alterations in protein metabolism due to the stress of injury or infection, the role of individual amino acids, the components of proteins, as neurotransmitters, hormones, and modulators of various physiological processes, and the efficacy and safety considerations associated with dietary supplements aimed at enhancing performance.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 551 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2014-05-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0080861547

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Brain Barrier Systems by Anonim Pdf

Brain Barrier Systems

Author : William M. Pardridge
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015026820913

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The Blood-brain Barrier by William M. Pardridge Pdf

The characterization of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is undergoing a paradigm shift as the century-old concept of a passive, impermeable barrier that segregates blood and brain interstitial fluid is giving way to the idea that the BBB is a dynamic conduit for the transport between blood and brain of those nutrients, peptides, proteins, or immune cells that have access to certain transport systems localized within the BBB membranes. This volume contains 20 contributed chapters organized in four parts: cell-cell interactions, subcellular organelle function, signal transduction mechanisms, and gene expression. There is also a foreword by the late W.H. Oldendorf (1925-1992) on the teleology of the blood-brain barrier and the survival advantage conferred upon the organism by its presence in the vertebrate brain. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author : D.J. Begley,J. Greenwood,M. Segal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 323 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781489910547

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New Concepts of a Blood—Brain Barrier by D.J. Begley,J. Greenwood,M. Segal Pdf

The scientific contribution of Mike Bradbury to the study of the blood-brain barrier is considerable and wide-ranging, starting with his M.D. thesis in 1962 and still continuing today. The varied spectrum of topics relating to the blood-brain barrier presented in this volume and the many geographical locations from which both speakers and participants gathered to attend the symposium are a fitting testament both to Mike's wide-spread influence in the field and to the esteem in which he is held. When we first had the idea of afestschrift to mark Mike's retirement as Professor of Physiology at King's College London and the beginning of a new vie libre as scientist and yachtsman the plan was initially for a gathering of all of the many colleagues, collaborators and students who had worked with him over the years. However what we had not taken into account was the closeness of the international community of workers in the field, the widespread influence that Mike had wielded and the speed with which word would spread. We should have anticipated all three. The final outcome was an excellent symposium with the majority of the world's key workers either contributing or attending. We hope that this volume presents an adequate record of the meeting.

Author : Gerard O'Cuinn
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2020-02-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781000714760

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Metabolism of Brain Peptides by Gerard O'Cuinn Pdf

Metabolism of Brain Peptides discusses neuropeptide metabolism in light of recent research. It describes the processing mechanisms in the production of biologically active peptides. It details distribution of the variety of neuropeptides in the brain and comprehensively reviews the effects of these neuropeptides on behavioral and physiological functions. The book also examines termination mechanisms for the biological activities of neuropeptides in light of recent knowledge of their distribution, their receptors and their possible inactivation enzymes in various functional regions of the brain and at the blood-brain barrier.

Author : Jerry Frankenheim,Roger M. Brown
Publisher : U.S. Government Printing Office
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Medical
ISBN : MINN:31951D00419441I

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Bioavailability of Drugs to the Brain and the Blood-brain Barrier by Jerry Frankenheim,Roger M. Brown Pdf

Author : Anthony J. Suckling,M. G. Rumsby,Michael William Blackburn Bradbury
Publisher : Ellis Horwood
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Medical
ISBN : STANFORD:36105032335601

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The Blood-brain Barrier in Health and Disease by Anthony J. Suckling,M. G. Rumsby,Michael William Blackburn Bradbury Pdf