The Carthaginians 6th 2nd Century Bc

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The Carthaginians 6th–2nd Century BC

Andrea Salimbeti,Raffaele D’Amato
The Carthaginians 6th 2nd Century BC Book PDF

Author : Andrea Salimbeti,Raffaele D’Amato
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2014-04-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781782007777

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The Carthaginians 6th–2nd Century BC by Andrea Salimbeti,Raffaele D’Amato Pdf

Carthage, the port-city in Tunisia first settled by Phoenicians from Tyre, grew to extend a competitive maritime trading empire all over the Western Mediterranean and beyond, increasingly defended by the best navy of the period. In the 6th century BC this came into confrontation with Greek colonists in Sicily, starting major wars that lasted through the 5th and 4th centuries, and involved much interaction with different Greek forces. During the 3rd century Carthage first clashed with Roman armies, and in the course of three wars that raged over Spain, Sicily and Italy the Romans suffered the greatest defeats in their early history at the hands of Hamilcar, Hannibal and Hasdrubal Barca, leading multinational armies of North Africans and Europeans.

The Carthaginians 6th–2nd Century BC

Andrea Salimbeti,Raffaele D’Amato
The Carthaginians 6th 2nd Century BC Book PDF

Author : Andrea Salimbeti,Raffaele D’Amato
Publisher : Osprey Publishing
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2014-04-22
Category : History
ISBN : 1782007768

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The Carthaginians 6th–2nd Century BC by Andrea Salimbeti,Raffaele D’Amato Pdf

Carthage became Rome's greatest and most legendary enemy under the generalship of Hannibal in battles like Cannae. During the Punic Wars, Carthage's elite mercenary-professional army was ultimately defeated by Roman endurance and Scipio's genius. Carthage, the port-city in Tunisia first settled by Phoenicians from Tyre, grew to extend a competitive maritime trading empire all over the Western Mediterranean and beyond, increasingly defended by the best navy of the period. In the 6th century BC this came into confrontation with Greek colonists in Sicily, starting major wars that lasted through the 5th and 4th centuries, and involved much interaction with different Greek forces. During the 3rd century Carthage first clashed with Roman armies, and in the course of three wars that raged over Spain, Sicily and Italy the Romans suffered the greatest defeats in their early history (e.g. Lake Trasimene and Cannae, 217 and 216 BC) at the hands of Hamilcar, Hannibal and Hasdrubal Barca, leading multinational armies of North Africans and Europeans. It was 202 BC before Hannibal was decisively defeated by Scipio Africanus at Zama, and 146 BC before Carthage itself was finally captured and destroyed. The victors tried to wipe the memory of Carthage out of the historical record, and while Hannibal himself has attracted fascinated study, little work has been done on trying to explain the character and reconstruct the appearance of Carthaginian armies. The authors of this study present a careful synthesis of all available literary, archaeological and iconographic evidence, in the most up-to-date attempt to do so. Their findings are dramatized in a portfolio of detailed and animated color plates by Giuseppe Rava.

Carthage at War

Joshua R Hall
Carthage at War Book PDF

Author : Joshua R Hall
Publisher : Pen and Sword Military
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2023-05-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781473885417

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Carthage at War by Joshua R Hall Pdf

The Carthaginians are well known as Rome's great enemy of the three Punic wars and Hannibal, their greatest general, is a household name. While narrative histories of the Punic wars (especially the second) and biographies of Hannibal abound, there have been few studies dedicated to detailed analysis of Carthaginian armies and warfare throughout the city-state's entire existence. Joshua Hall puts that right with this in-depth study of their tactics, equipment, unit organization, army composition and operational effectiveness. Importantly, while the Second Punic War is rightly given prominence, this is not at the expense of the many earlier wars Carthage waged as she built and then defended her empire. Drawing on all the available archaeological and literary evidence, the author shows the development of Carthage's forces and methods of warfare from the ninth century BC to the city's demise. The result is the most in-depth portrait of the Carthaginian military available in English.

Carthaginian Armies of the Punic Wars, 264–146 BC

Gabriele Esposito
Carthaginian Armies of the Punic Wars 264 146 BC Book PDF

Author : Gabriele Esposito
Publisher : Pen and Sword Military
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2023-10-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781399067584

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Carthaginian Armies of the Punic Wars, 264–146 BC by Gabriele Esposito Pdf

The Carthaginians were undoubtedly the most formidable enemies of the ever-expanding Roman Republic, due to their sophisticated and often well-led military forces. Although the citizens of Carthage itself, a seafaring, mercantile state by tradition, may not have had the same military ethos as the Romans, they compensated by fielding varied multinational armies consisting of subject, allied and mercenary contingents, many of them recruited from the most famous warrior peoples of the Mediterranean. These included the incomparable Numidian light cavalry, the famed slingers of the Balearic islands, fierce Celts and skilled Spanish swordsmen, not forgetting the famous war elephants. During the first of the three conflicts that they fought against the Roman Republic – the famous Punic Wars – the Carthaginians completely reformed their land forces along Hellenistic lines and invited an experienced Spartan officer to command it. During the Second Punic War, they obtained a series of stunning victories over the Romans under the brilliant leadership of their own Hannibal Barca, marauding through Italy for some fifteen years. Gabriele Esposito reconstructs the history, organization and weapons of the Carthaginian military forces across the Punic Wars (264-146 BC). The weapons, armor and tactics of each of the various ethnic components is analyzed and the accessible text is supported by dozens of excellent color photographs, showing replica equipment in use.

Roman Legionary vs Carthaginian Warrior

David Campbell
Roman Legionary vs Carthaginian Warrior Book PDF

Author : David Campbell
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 81 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2018-08-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472828064

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Roman Legionary vs Carthaginian Warrior by David Campbell Pdf

The peace that followed the First Punic War was shallow and fractious, with the resumption of hostilities in 218 BC sparked by Carthaginian expansion in Iberia seeing Rome suffer some of the worst defeats in her entire history. The Carthaginian army was a composite affair primarily made up of a number of levies from Africa and around the Mediterranean augmented by mercenaries and allies, and these troops crushed the Roman heavy infantry maniples in a series of battles across Southern Europe. Improvements made to their military, however, would see Roman revenge visited on Hannibal in full measure by Scipio, who would beat him at his own game and bring Roman legions to the gates of Carthage itself. In this study, the epic battles at Lake Trasimene (217 BC), Cannae (216 BC), and Ilipa (206 BC) are explored in detail, supported by carefully chosen illustrations and specially commissioned full-colour artwork and mapping.

Second Punic War in Iberia 220–206 BC

Mir Bahmanyar
Second Punic War in Iberia 220 206 BC Book PDF

Author : Mir Bahmanyar
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2024-04-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472859747

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Second Punic War in Iberia 220–206 BC by Mir Bahmanyar Pdf

The first dedicated, illustrated study of the events of the Second Punic War in Iberia, which served as a launch pad for the Carthaginian invasion of Rome. Iberia was one of three crucial theatres of the Second Punic War between Carthage and Rome. Hannibal of Carthage's siege of Saguntum in 219 BC triggered a conflict that led to immense human and material losses on both sides, pitting his brother Hasdrubal against the Republican Roman armies seeking to gain control of the peninsula. Then, in 208 BC, the famous Roman general Scipio Africanus defeated Hasdrubal at Baecula, forcing Hasdrubal's army out of Iberia and on to its eventual annihilation at the Metaurus. In this work, military historian Mir Bahmanyar brings to life the key personalities and events of this important theatre of the war, and explains why the Roman victory at Baecula led to a strategic shift and Carthage's eventual defeat. It covers Scipio Africanus' brilliant victory at Ilipa in 206 BC, where he crushed the army of Mago Barca and Hasdrubal Gisco. Illustrated with maps, tactical diagrams, battlescene artworks and photographs, this work provides a gripping narrative of the large-scale battles fought in Iberia.

Citizenship in Antiquity

Jakub Filonik,Christine Plastow,Rachel Zelnick-Abramovitz
Citizenship in Antiquity Book PDF

Author : Jakub Filonik,Christine Plastow,Rachel Zelnick-Abramovitz
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 976 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2023-06-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000847833

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Citizenship in Antiquity by Jakub Filonik,Christine Plastow,Rachel Zelnick-Abramovitz Pdf

Citizenship in Antiquity brings together scholars working on the multifaceted and changing dimensions of citizenship in the ancient Mediterranean, from the second millennium BCE to the first millennium CE, adopting a multidisciplinary and comparative perspective. The chapters in this volume cover numerous periods and regions – from the Ancient Near East, through the Greek and Hellenistic worlds and pre-Roman North Africa, to the Roman Empire and its continuations, and with excursuses to modernity. The contributors to this book adopt various contemporary theories, demonstrating the manifold meanings and ways of defining the concept and practices of citizenship and belonging in ancient societies and, in turn, of non-citizenship and non-belonging. Whether citizenship was defined by territorial belonging or blood descent, by privileged or exclusive access to resources or participation in communal decision-making, or by a sense of group belonging, such identifications were also open to discursive redefinitions and manipulation. Citizenship and belonging, as well as non-citizenship and non-belonging, had many shades and degrees; citizenship could be bought or faked, or even removed. By casting light on different areas of the Mediterranean over the course of antiquity, the volume seeks to explore this multi-layered notion of citizenship and contribute to an ongoing and relevant discourse. Citizenship in Antiquity offers a wide-ranging, comprehensive collection suitable for students and scholars of citizenship, politics, and society in the ancient Mediterranean world, as well as those working on citizenship throughout history interested in taking a comparative approach.

Hellenistic Land Battles 300-167 BCE

Fred Eugene Ray, Jr.
Hellenistic Land Battles 300 167 BCE Book PDF

Author : Fred Eugene Ray, Jr.
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781476682563

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Hellenistic Land Battles 300-167 BCE by Fred Eugene Ray, Jr. Pdf

The Hellenistic Period (323-31 BCE) saw the Grecian phalanx--long dominant in Mediterranean warfare--challenged by legionary formations from the rising city-state of Rome. The Roman way of war would come to eclipse phalanx-based combat by the 160s yet this was not evident at the time. Rome suffered numerous defeats against the phalanxes of Pyrrhus and Hannibal, its overseas campaign against the brilliant Spartan mercenary Xanthippus met disaster, and several Roman victories over Hellenistic foes were not decisive. The story of combat in this pivotal era is not well documented. This book for the first time provides detailed tactical analyses for all 130 significant land engagements of Hellenistic armies 300-167 BCE.

Poseidon’s Warriors

John Lambshead
Poseidon s Warriors Book PDF

Author : John Lambshead
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2016-06-16
Category : Games & Activities
ISBN : 9781472814197

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Poseidon’s Warriors by John Lambshead Pdf

Poseidon's Warriors is a set of wargaming rules for large-scale naval actions between fleets of Classical galleys from the Greek and Persian clash at the battle of Salamis to the battle of Actium that decided the fate of Rome. With so many of these battles taking place around islands or in narrow channels and shallow waters, sneaky tactics and cunning manoeuvres are a hallmark of warfare of this era, and the rules use an integrated turn system to allow a commander to position ships to go in and ram without being rammed in return, or to employ feints and traps to tempt the enemy out of position and leave his ships vulnerable to a follow-up strike. With data for ships throughout the period, rules for famous admirals, historical scenarios, a campaign system and a brief historical summary for those who wish to refresh their memory of the era, Poseidon's Warriors offers everything players need to bring to the tabletop the battles and campaigns of the first great age of naval warfare.

Armies of Ancient Italy, 753–218 BC

Gabriele Esposito
Armies of Ancient Italy 753 218 BC Book PDF

Author : Gabriele Esposito
Publisher : Pen and Sword Military
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9781526751867

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Armies of Ancient Italy, 753–218 BC by Gabriele Esposito Pdf

A military history of ancient Italy, featuring details of the weapons, equipment, and tactics, as well as color photos showing how warriors looked. Before becoming the masters of the Mediterranean world, the Romans had first to conquer the Italian peninsula in a series of harsh conflicts against its other varied and warlike residents. The outcome was no foregone conclusion and it took the Romans half a millennium to secure the whole of Italy. In Armies of Ancient Italy 753–218 BC, Gabriele Esposito presents the armies that fought these wars, in which the Roman military spirit and their famous legions were forged. He not only follows the evolution of the Roman forces from the Regal Period to the outbreak of the Second Punic War but also the forces of their neighbors, rivals and enemies. The most notable of these, the Etruscans, Samnites and the Italian Greeks are given particular attention but others, such as the Celts and Ligures of the North and the warriors of Sicily and Sardinia, are also considered. Details of the organization, weapons, equipment and tactics of each army are described, while dozens of beautiful color photos of reenactors show how these warriors looked in the field. “Once more, a beautifully illustrated book, this time starting with the story of Rome from the Regal Period to the Second Punic War. The author follows the highly successful format of his books covering the late period of the Roman Empire.—Most Highly Recommended.” —Firetrench “An interesting look at all the people of the Italian era, but what really brings it to life are the countless full colour photographs of re-enactor groups in the correct armour and dress for the various tribes and regions they represent. Excellent production standards and a fascinating look at the history of early Rome.” —The Armourer

Wars of the Republic

Eric Farrington
Wars of the Republic Book PDF

Author : Eric Farrington
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 65 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-25
Category : Games & Activities
ISBN : 9781472844903

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Wars of the Republic by Eric Farrington Pdf

From the First Samnite War and the eventual conquest of the Italian Peninsula, to the defeat by Hannibal at Lake Trasimene, and final victory over the Gauls at Alesia, Wars of the Republic is a miniature wargame that allows you to campaign with the legions or stand firm against Roman expansion and fight throughout the ancient Mediterranean. This book contains all the rules required to fight battles during this period, including multiple army lists to reflect the changing nature of the Roman military and the varied opponents they faced, be it Gaul, Italian, Carthaginian, Iberian, or Greek.

Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars

Duncan Head
Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars Book PDF

Author : Duncan Head
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2012-04-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781326560515

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Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars by Duncan Head Pdf

ñArmies of the Macedonian and Punic Warsî is an important member of the WRG Ltd ñArmies and Enemiesî series. First published in 1983, it has long been out-of-print and we are delighted to make it available once more. It includes details of Persian, Gr

The Etruscans

Raffaele D’Amato,Andrea Salimbeti
The Etruscans Book PDF

Author : Raffaele D’Amato,Andrea Salimbeti
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 135 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2018-09-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472828309

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The Etruscans by Raffaele D’Amato,Andrea Salimbeti Pdf

Ancient Rome had deep roots in the 'Villanovan' culture that we call today the Etruscans. Their long-lived civilization can be traced to 900–750 BC in north-west Italy. They were a sea-faring people trading with and competing against Greek and Phoenician peoples, including the Carthaginians. They were also a great land-based power, especially in the 'Classical' period, where they expanded their power north into the Po Valley and south to Latium. In the 6th century BC an Etruscan dynasty ruled Rome, and their power extended southwards to the Amalfi coast. In 509 BC the Romans rose up to expel their kings, which began the long 'Etruscan twilight' when their power was squeezed by the Samnites and, most especially, the Romans. Drawing on archaeological evidence including warrior tombs, paintings, sculptures, and fully illustrated throughout, this study examines one of the early rivals to Ancient Rome.

Rome Seizes the Trident

Marc G. DeSantis
Rome Seizes the Trident Book PDF

Author : Marc G. DeSantis
Publisher : Pen and Sword
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2016-07-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781473879904

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Rome Seizes the Trident by Marc G. DeSantis Pdf

Seapower played a greater part in ancient empire building than is often appreciated. The Punic Wars, especially the first, were characterized by massive naval battles. The Romans did not even possess a navy of their own when war broke out between them and the Carthaginians in Sicily in 264 B.C. Prior to that, the Romans had relied upon several South Italian Greek cities to provide ships in the same way as its other allies provided soldiers to serve with the legions. The Romans were nevertheless determined to acquire a navy that could challenge that of Carthage. They used a captured galley as a model, reverse engineered it, and constructed hundreds of copies. The Romans used this new navy to wrench maritime superiority from the Carthaginians, most notably at the Battle of Ecnomus where they prevailed through the use of novel tactics. Although not decisive on its own, Rome's new found naval power was, as Marc De Santis shows, a vital component in their ultimate victory in each of the three Punic Wars.

Carthaginian Warrior 264–146 BC

Nic Fields
Carthaginian Warrior 264 146 BC Book PDF

Author : Nic Fields
Publisher : Osprey Publishing
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2010-09-21
Category : History
ISBN : 1846039584

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Carthaginian Warrior 264–146 BC by Nic Fields Pdf

The armies of Carthage were diverse, made up of men of various ethnic groups, military specializations, and even motivations. Whilst some were citizen soldiers fighting on behalf of their state, others were ruthless mercenaries who remained loyal only so long as they were paid. As the Punic Wars progressed and the merits of professional soldiers became appreciated, mercenaries became the backbone of Carthaginian armies. Backed up by detailed reference to historical sources, this book examines the life of a Carthaginian warrior, following his experiences from initial recruitment to final battle, and focusing on what he ate, the equipment he carried and the tactics he used on the battlefield. This in-depth analysis of warriors in daily life and battle is accompanied by archival photographs and vibrant illustrations from Steve Noon.