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Author : Charles Ralph Boxer
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Japan
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : C. R. Boxer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 535 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2003-01-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0758126808
Author : Rebecca Suter
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2015-02-28
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9780824855000
Christians are a tiny minority in Japan, less than one percent of the total population. Yet Christianity is ubiquitous in Japanese popular culture. From the giant mutant “angels” of the Neon Genesis Evangelion franchise to the Jesus-themed cocktails enjoyed by customers in Tokyo’s Christon café, Japanese popular culture appropriates Christianity in both humorous and unsettling ways. By treating the Western religion as an exotic cultural practice, Japanese demonstrate the reversibility of cultural stereotypes and force us to reconsider common views of global cultural flows and East-West relations. Of particular interest is the repeated reappearance in modern fiction of the so-called “Christian century” of Japan (1549–1638), the period between the arrival of the Jesuit missionaries and the last Christian revolt before the final ban on the foreign religion. Literary authors as different as Akutagawa Ryūnosuke, Endō Shūsaku, Yamada Fūtarō, and Takemoto Novala, as well as film directors, manga and anime authors, and videogame producers have all expressed their fascination with the lives and works of Catholic missionaries and Japanese converts and produced imaginative reinterpretations of the period. In Holy Ghosts, Rebecca Suter explores the reasons behind the popularity of the Christian century in modern Japanese fiction and reflects on the role of cross-cultural representations in Japan. Since the opening of the ports in the Meiji period, Japan’s relationship with Euro-American culture has oscillated between a drive towards Westernization and an antithetical urge to “return to Asia.” Exploring the twentieth-century’s fascination with the Christian Century enables Suter to reflect on modern Japan’s complex combination of Orientalism, self-Orientalism, and Occidentalism. By looking back at a time when the Japanese interacted with Europeans in ways that were both similar to and different from modern dealings, fictional representations of the Christian century offer an opportunity to reflect critically not only on cross-cultural negotiation but also more broadly on both Japanese and Western social and political formations. The ghosts of the Christian century that haunt modern Japanese fiction thus prompt us to rethink conventional notions of East-West exchanges, mutual representations, and power relations, complicating our understanding of global modernity.
Author : Haruko Nawata Ward
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2016-12-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351871815
Meticulously researched and drawing on original source materials written in eight different languages, this study fills a lacuna in the historiography of Christianity in Japan, which up to now has paid little or no attention to the experience of women. Focusing on the century between the introduction of Christianity in Japan by Portuguese Jesuit missionaries in 1549 and the Japanese government's commitment to the eradication of Christianity in the mid-seventeenth century, this book outlines how women provided crucial leadership in the spread, nurture, and maintenance of the faith through various apostolic ministries. The author's research on the religious backgrounds of women from different schools of late medieval Japanese Shinto-Buddhism sheds light on individual women's choices to embrace or reject the Reformed Catholicism of the Jesuits, and explores the continuity and discontinuity of their religious expressions. The book is divided into four sections devoted to an in-depth study of different types of apostolates: nuns (women who took up monastic vocations), witches (the women leaders of the Shinto-Buddhist tradition who resisted Jesuit teachings), catechists (women who engaged in ministries of persuasion and conversion), and sisters (women devoted to missions of mercy). Analyzing primary sources including Jesuit histories, letters and reports, especially Luís Fróis' História de Japão, hagiography and family chronicles, each section provides a broad understanding of how these women, in the context of misogynistic society and theology, utilized resources from their traditional religions to new Christian adaptations and specific religio-social issues, creating unique hybrids of Catholicism and Buddhism. The inclusion of Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, and Japanese texts, many available for the first time in English, and the dramatic conclusion that women were largely responsible for the trajectory of Christianity in early modern Japan, makes this book an essential reading for scholars of women's history, religious history, history of Christianity, and Asian history.
Author : George Elison
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 564 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2020-03-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781684172795
"Japan’s “Christian Century” began in 1549 with the arrival of Jesuit missionaries led by Saint Francis Xavier, and ended in 1639 when the Tokugawa regime issued the final Sakoku Edict prohibiting all traffic with Catholic lands. “Sakoku”—national isolation—would for more than two centuries be the sum total of the regime’s approach to foreign affairs. This policy was accompanied by the persecution of Christians inside Japan, a course of action for which the missionaries and their zealots were in part responsible because of their dogmatic orthodoxy. The Christians insisted that “Deus” was owed supreme loyalty, while the Tokugawa critics insisted on the prior importance of performing one’s role within the secular order, and denounced the subversive doctrine whose First Commandment seemed to permit rebellion against the state. In discussing the collision of ideas and historical processes, George Elison explores the attitudes and procedures of the missionaries, describes the entanglements in politics that contributed heavily to their doom, and shows the many levels of the Japanese response to Christianity. Central to his book are translations of four seventeenth-century, anti-Christian polemical tracts."
Author : Stephen R. Turnbull
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : History
ISBN : 1873410514
This volume is by the author ofThe Kakure Kirishitan of Japan: A study of their development, beliefs and rituals to the present day, widely seen as the landmark study on this subject. Stephen Turnbull here brings together in two volumes the most significant scholarly writings on Japan's hidden Christians published in recent times, encompassing a span of some 450 years of the Christian tradition in Japan. Remarkably, in many respects, the inheritors of this tradition continue to remain 'hidden' at the dawn of the new millennium. The author contributes a full introduction, in which he reviews the key elements of the collected writings and at the same time takes the opportunity to bring his own study up-to-date.
Author : George Elison
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015018657042
'George Elison's exuberant style, his amazing polyglot skills, and his overwhelming erudition make for fascinating reading. I believe this work will be accepted as a major contribution not just to this phase of history in Japan and the history o the Christian church but also other broader and very up-to-date problems of the meeting of cultures.'
Author : John Dougill
Publisher : SPCK
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2016-09-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780281075539
In Search of Japan's Hidden Christians is a remarkable story of suppression, secrecy and survival in the face of human cruelty and God’s apparent silence. Part history, part travelogue, it explores and seeks to explain a clash of civilizations—of East and West—that resonates to this day. For seven generations, Japan’s ‘Hidden Christians’ preserved a faith that was forbidden on pain of death. Just as remarkably, descendants of the Hidden Christians continue to practise their beliefs today, refusing to rejoin the Catholic Church. Why? And what is it about Japanese culture that makes it so resistant to Western Christianity?
Author : Notto R. Thelle
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2021-05-25
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780824846909
The modern dialogue between Buddhism and Christianity in Japan is reaching new depths and insights and is being recognized today as a challenging and promising point of contact between two cultures. This volume is based on the premise that an understanding of the past is important for meaningful interaction in the present. By placing the Buddhist-Christian dialogue in historical perspective, the author provides an essential element for critical and creative reflection on today's dialogue. Thelle's historical examination begins with the arrival of Francis Xavier in 1549, which initiated the "Christian century." However, his main emphasis is on the nineteenth century, when relations between the two religions moved from confrontation to conciliation. The opening of Japan in 1854 initiated a confrontation that was more than a religious conflict; the meeting of the two faiths was part of an all-inclusive cultural clash. The confrontation of Buddhism and Christianity is interpreted in a broad cultural and sociopolitical context and reveals how strongly both religions were influenced by the social and ideological upheavals in nineteenth-century Japan. The vital issue was which religion would become the spiritual basis for the "new" Japan. Christianity, introduced as the spiritual backbone of Western power, was associated with ideas of modernization and democracy. Buddhism, regarded as part of the old culture, was in serious crisis. But the conflict was not resolved in victory and defeat. Radical changes took place within the two religions, and by the turn of the century confrontation had moved toward conciliation. The author examines the origins of emerging peaceful dialogue and uncovers the complex process by which it grew out of an atmosphere of animosity and distrust. Thelle's central themes are the connection between Christian expansion and Buddhist anti-Christian campaigns, religion and nationalism, Christian impact on Buddhist reform movements, attempts at unifying the two faiths into a new religiosity, and the development of an indigenous Japanese theology. He throws light on cross-cultural interactions far beyond the specialized area of religion and theology. With its broad cultural and sociopolitical scope, this book will interest all students of Japanese history and culture.
Author : Ikuo Higashibaba
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2001-01-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9004122907
This volume provides a new history of Christianity in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Japan by depicting the world of ordinary Japanese Christians. It examines their religious expressions, as well as textual expositions given to them, within the context of Japanese religious culture.
Author : Otis Cary, D.D.
Publisher : Tuttle Publishing
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2008-09-15
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781462912339
Despite the relatively small number of formal Christian believers in japan—less than one percent of the total population—Christianity has become and is likely to continue to be an important strand in modern Japanese culture. The Christian social message of the early decades of the twentieth century has become a lasting part of social welfare attitudes. The strong emphasis on education of the Christian missionary movement has left a visible legacy throughout Japanese education, primarily in the teaching of women. Author, Otis Cary's impressive work, first published in two volumes, appears here in a convenient one-volume edition. The first part deals with Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox missions; the second, with Protestant missions. The story begins with the arrival of Francis Xavier in Japan in 1549, unfolds through the early successes of the Roman Catholic missions and the subsequent age of hideous persecutions and the virtual extirpation of Christianity in the seventeenth century, and moves forward to its revival in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is in many ways an absorbingly dramatic tale, and Cary tells it exceedingly well.
Author : Gopal Kshetry
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2008-12-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781469102443
Japan began to fascinate the West after the account of Marco Polos sojourn in China. This set off an interest in the oriental world. The Portuguese, being the first, arrived in Japan in 1543 which was followed by others. The experience Japan had with Europeans put upon itself isolation for about 200 years. After the forceful opening by Mathew Perry in 1853, many Westerners again began to arrive in Japan. Later during the 1980s, there was an influx of migrant workers which become a hot topic of debate. The book throws much light onto the historical background as well as the events that lead up to the present state of affairs in relation to issues of discrimination, crimes and problems related to foreigners.
Author : Samuel Hugh Moffett
Publisher : Orbis Books
Page : 702 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2014-07-30
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781608331635
The story of Christianity in the West has often been told, but the history of Christianity in the East is not as well known. The seed was the same: the good news of Jesus Christ for the whole world, which Christians call "the gospel." But it was sown by different sowers; it was planted in different soil; it grew with a different flavor; and it was gathered by different reapers. It is too often forgotten that the faith moved east across Asia as early as it moved west into Europe. Western church history tends to follow Paul to Philippi and to Rome and on across Europe to the conversion of Constantine and the barbarians. With some outstanding exceptions, only intermittently has the West looked beyond Constantinople as its center. It was a Christianity that has for centuries remained unashamedly Asian. A History of Christianity in Asia makes available immense amounts of research on religious pluralism of Asia and how Christianity spread long before the modern missionary movement went forth in the shelter of Western military might. Invaluable for historians of Asia and scholars of mission, it is stimulating for all readers interested in Christian history. --
Author : Otis Cary
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : Japan
ISBN : UIUC:30112004087273
Author : David John Lu
Publisher : M.E. Sharpe
Page : 702 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : History
ISBN : 1563249065
Covering the full spectrum of political, economic, diplomatic as well as cultural and intellectual history, this classroom resource offers insight not only into the past but also into Japan's contemporary civilisation. This is a combination of volumes one and two.