The Composition Of Expired Air And Its Effects Upon Animal Life Classic Reprint

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The Composition of Expired Air and Its Effects Upon Animal Life (Classic Reprint)

Author : John Shaw Billings
Publisher : Forgotten Books
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2018-02-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0656082275

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The Composition of Expired Air and Its Effects Upon Animal Life (Classic Reprint) by John Shaw Billings Pdf

Excerpt from The Composition of Expired Air and Its Effects Upon Animal Life The average for five specimens of fluid condensed from the expired air of a healthy man four hours after he had taken a meal was while the average for six specimens from the breath of the same man half an hour after the meal was only For two specimens from the same man collected three and a half and four hours after a meal, but just after the mouth had been thoroughly rinsed with warm water, the average was These results indicate that the ammonia and oxidizable organic matter in the condensed fluid were, to a large extent, due to products of decomposition of organic matters in the mouth. The well known fact that the amount of oxygen absorbed and of carbonic acid given Off varies accord ing to whether the person is fasting or has recently taken a meal, may possibly be in part due to the same cause, but the results obtained by Birkholz (37) indi cate that it can only be in part. Ransome (11) reports no marked difference in the amount of ammonia, or of oxidizable organic matter, as determined by the per manganate test, contained in the fluids collected from the exhaled breath soon after a meal and in that collected from a fasting person. Beu (31) found a much higher proportion of oxidizable matter in the fluid condensed from his own breath (50 mg. Of oxygen required per litre of fluid) than was found in Dr. Bergey's experi ments. His results indicated the exhalation of 15 mg. Of organic matter in 24 hours, the corresponding figure from Ransome's results being 20 mg. About 12 c. C. Of fluid was collected from about 335 litres of air expired per hour, being nearly equal to the results obtained by Ben who condensed 100 c. C. Of the fluid from three cubic metres Of air expired in eight hours. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The Composition of Expired Air and Its Effects Upon Animal Life

Author : John Shaw Billings,Silas Weir Mitchell,David Hendricks Bergey
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 81 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1895
Category : Respiration
ISBN : LCCN:03025592

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The Composition of Expired Air and Its Effects Upon Animal Life by John Shaw Billings,Silas Weir Mitchell,David Hendricks Bergey Pdf

The Composition of Expired Air and Its Effects Upon Animal Life

Author : John Shaw Billings,Silas Weir Mitchell,David Hendricks Bergey
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 94 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1895
Category : Respiration
ISBN : CORNELL:31924003155565

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The Composition of Expired Air and Its Effects Upon Animal Life by John Shaw Billings,Silas Weir Mitchell,David Hendricks Bergey Pdf

The Composition of Expired Air and Its Effects Upon Animal Life

Author : John S (John Shaw) 1838-1913 Billings
Publisher : Palala Press
Page : 94 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2016-05-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1355401674

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The Composition of Expired Air and Its Effects Upon Animal Life by John S (John Shaw) 1838-1913 Billings Pdf

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The Composition of Expired Air and Its Effects Upon Animal Life, Volume 29, Issue 3

Author : John Shaw Billings,Silas Weir Mitchell,David Hendricks Bergey
Publisher : Palala Press
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2015-11-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1346917086

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The Composition of Expired Air and Its Effects Upon Animal Life, Volume 29, Issue 3 by John Shaw Billings,Silas Weir Mitchell,David Hendricks Bergey Pdf

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The Composition of Expired Air and Its Effects Upon Animal Life

Author : John Shaw Billings,Silas Weir Mitchell,David Hendricks Bergey
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1895
Category : Air
ISBN : OCLC:79320999

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The Composition of Expired Air and Its Effects Upon Animal Life by John Shaw Billings,Silas Weir Mitchell,David Hendricks Bergey Pdf

The physiological consequences of breath-hold diving in marine mammals; the Scholander legacy

Author : Andreas Fahlman
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
Page : 155 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2024-07-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889191000

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The physiological consequences of breath-hold diving in marine mammals; the Scholander legacy by Andreas Fahlman Pdf

Breath-hold diving marine mammals are able to remain submerged for prolonged periods of time and dive to phenomenal depths while foraging. A number of physiological, biochemical and behavioral traits have been suggested that enable this life style, including the diving response, lung collapse, increased O2 stores, diving induced hypometabolism, and stroke-and-glide behavior to reduce dive metabolic cost. Since the initial studies by Scholander in the 1940‘s, when most of the physiological and biochemical traits were suggested, few have received as much study as the diving response and O2 management. The calculated aerobic dive limit (cADL) was an important concept which allowed calculation of the aerobic dive duration, and was defined as the total O2 stores divided by the rate of O2 consumption (metabolic rate). The total O2 stores have been defined for several species, and studies in both forced and freely diving animals have refined the metabolic cost of diving. Currently there appears to be little consensus about whether marine mammals perform a significant proportion of dives exceeding the cADL or not and there may be large differences between species. The diving response is a conserved physiological trait believed to arise from natural selection. The response includes diving-induced bradycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, and altered blood flow distribution. While the response results in reduced cardiac work, it is not clear whether this is required to reduce the overall metabolic rate. An alternate hypothesis is that the primary role of the diving bradycardia is to regulate the degree of hypoxia in skeletal muscle so that blood and muscle O2 stores can be used more efficiently. Scholander suggested that the respiratory anatomy of marine mammals resulted in alveolar collapse at shallow depths (lung collapse), thereby limiting gas exchange. This trait would limit uptake of N2 and thereby reduce the risk of inert gas bubble formation and decompression sickness. In his initial treatise, Scholander suggested that alveolar collapse probably made inert gas bubble formation unlikely during a single dive, but that repeated dives could result in significant accumulation that could be risky. Despite this, lung collapse has been quoted as the main adaptation by which marine mammals reduce N2 levels and inert gas bubble formation. It was surprising, therefore, when recent necropsy reports from mass stranded whales indicated DCS like symptoms. More recent studies have shown that live marine mammals appear to experience bubbles under certain circumstances. These results raise some interesting questions. For example, are marine mammals ever at risk of DCS, and if so could N2 accumulation limit dive performance? While an impressive number of studies have provided a theoretical framework that explains the mechanistic basis of the diving response, and O2 management, many questions remain, some widely-accepted ideas actually lack sufficient experimental confirmation, and a variety of marine mammal species, potentially novel models for elucidating new diving adaptations, are understudied. The aim of this Frontiers Topic is to provide a synthesis of the current knowledge about the physiological responses of marine mammals that underlie their varied dive behavior. We also include novel contributions that challenge current ideas and that probe new hypotheses, utilize new experimental approaches, and explore new model species. We show that the field has recently entered a phase of renewed discovery that is not only unraveling more secrets of the natural diving response but will drive new applications to aid human exploration of the ocean depths. We also welcome comparative analyses, especially contributions that compare marine mammals with human divers.

Fear (Classic Reprint)

Author : Angelo Mosso
Publisher : BEYOND BOOKS HUB
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2017-10-14
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Fear (Classic Reprint) by Angelo Mosso Pdf

Fear (Classic Reprint) and FEAR by Angelo Mosso are insightful explorations into the psychology of fear. Utilizing both anecdotal evidence and scientific analysis, Mosso provides an in-depth look at this powerful emotion. Whether you're a psychology student, a professional, or simply a curious reader, Mosso's works offer valuable insights into human emotion and behavior. Don't miss the opportunity to explore the intricate workings of the human mind with Fear (Classic Reprint) and FEAR. Order your copies today!

The Animal Spirit Doctrine and the Origins of Neurophysiology

Author : C.U.M. Smith
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-08-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199766499

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The Animal Spirit Doctrine and the Origins of Neurophysiology by C.U.M. Smith Pdf

This book examines the history of Western attempts to explain how messages might be sent from the sense organs to the brain and from the brain to the muscles. It focuses on a construct called animal spirit, which would permeate philosophy and guide physiology and medicine for over two millennia.

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 728 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Government publications
ISBN : UCSD:31822037817723

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How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by Anonim Pdf

This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

The Biblical Basis for Modern Science

Author : Henry Morris
Publisher : New Leaf Publishing Group
Page : 475 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2002-06-01
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781614580836

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The Biblical Basis for Modern Science by Henry Morris Pdf

For decades, Henry Morris has been known as a defender of the Christian faith. It's an auspicious title for such a humble man, yet no one can deny that the grasp Morris has on science and faith issues is staggering. In this updated classic, Morris walks the reader through history "real history" by showing the absurdity of evolution. From a wide variety of sciences, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, physics, and geology, Morris presents clear evidence that the Bible gives us an astonishingly accurate record of the past, present, and future.

Biology of Animals

Author : Cleveland P. Hickman,Larry S. Roberts,Frances Miller Hickman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 664 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Science
ISBN : UCSC:32106006845934

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Biology of Animals by Cleveland P. Hickman,Larry S. Roberts,Frances Miller Hickman Pdf

The Terrestrial Invasion

Author : Colin Little
Publisher : CUP Archive
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0521336694

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The Terrestrial Invasion by Colin Little Pdf

The theme of this book is the invasion of land by animal lines which originated in aquatic environments. It brings together physiological and ecological evidence to show both the likely routes taken out of the sea by the aquatic ancestors of terrestrial animals and the changes in structure and function associated with these routes. The author takes an ecophysiological approach, and by using representative examples, provides a novel background against which both the terrestrial adaptations of individual species and the make up and function of terrestrial ecosystems can be considered. Dr Little is the author of the highly acclaimed book The Colonisation of Land, which discusses the phylogeny and physiology of terrestrial and semi-terrestrial animals. The Terrestrial Invasion takes a fresh approach and provides an excellent introduction to the origins of land animals suitable for ecologists, physiologists and evolutionary biologists.

The Examiner

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 816 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1855
Category : English literature
ISBN : CORNELL:31924066353156

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The Examiner by Anonim Pdf