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Author : John Etchemendy
Publisher : Stanford Univ Center for the Study
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 1575861941
The aim of this book is to correct a common misunderstanding of a technique of mathematical logic.
Author : John Etchemendy
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : UOM:39015018884232
Of course we all know now that mathematics has proved that logic doesn't really make sense, but Etchemendy (philosophy, Stanford Univ.) goes further and challenges the received view of the conceptual underpinnings of modern logic by arguing that Tarski's model-theoretic analysis of logical consequences is wrong. He may have found the soft underbelly of the dead horse. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author : Colin R. Caret,Ole T. Hjortland
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2015-05-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191024801
Logical consequence is the relation that obtains between premises and conclusion(s) in a valid argument. Orthodoxy has it that valid arguments are necessarily truth-preserving, but this platitude only raises a number of further questions, such as: how does the truth of premises guarantee the truth of a conclusion, and what constraints does validity impose on rational belief? This volume presents thirteen essays by some of the most important scholars in the field of philosophical logic. The essays offer ground-breaking new insights into the nature of logical consequence; the relation between logic and inference; how the semantics and pragmatics of natural language bear on logic; the relativity of logic; and the structural properties of the consequence relation.
Author : Matthew W. McKeon
Publisher : Peter Lang
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Logic
ISBN : 1433106450
The Concept of Logical Consequence is a critical evaluation of the model-theoretic and proof-theoretic characterizations of logical consequence that proceeds from Alfred Tarski's characterization of the informal concept of logical consequence. This study evaluates and expands upon ideas set forth in Tarski's 1936 article on logical consequence, and appeals to his 1935 article on truth. Classical logic, as well as extensions and deviations are considered. Issues in the philosophy of logic such as the nature of logical constants, the philosophical significance of completeness, and the metaphysical and epistemological implications of logic are discussed in the context of the examination of the concept of logical consequence.
Author : Luis M Augusto
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2017-02-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1848902360
The theory of logical consequence is central in modern logic and its applications. However, it is mostly dispersed in an abundance of often difficultly accessible papers, and rarely treated with applications in mind. This book collects the most fundamental aspects of this theory and offers the reader the basics of its applications in computer science, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science, to name but the most important fields where this notion finds its many applications. Both deductive and non-deductive consequence are discussed. The starting point is classical deductive consequence: classical logic is the reference system, and the non-classical deductive systems are seen as extensions, deviations, or variations thereof. The discussion of non-classical deductive consequence focuses on many-valued, intuitionistic, modal, paraconsistent, and substructural logical consequences. The topic of non-deductive consequence is elaborated on from the viewpoints of abductive, inductive, and probabilistic logics. All in all, the major contemporary (classes of) logical systems are here discussed. The approach is mathematical in essence, and the mathematical background, mainly founded on order relations, is treated thoroughly and in an accessible way for the non-mathematician.
Author : Alexandra Zinke
Publisher : Verlag Vittorio Klostermann
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 3465043456
The book discusses the central notion of logic: the concept of logical consequence. It shows that the classical definition of consequence as truth preservation in all models must be restricted to all admissible models. The challenge for the philosophy of logic is therefore to supplement the definition with a criterion for admissible models. The problem of logical constants, so prominent in the current debate, constitutes but a special case of this much more general demarcation problem. The book explores the various dimensions of the problem of admissible models and argues that standard responses are unwarranted. As a result, it develops a new vision of logic, suggesting in particular that logic is deeply imbued with metaphysics.
Author : Gila Sher
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2022-09-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781108991230
To understand logic is, first and foremost, to understand logical consequence. This Element provides an in-depth, accessible, up-to-date account of and philosophical insight into the semantic, model-theoretic conception of logical consequence, its Tarskian roots, and its ideas, grounding, and challenges. The topics discussed include: (i) the passage from Tarski's definition of truth (simpliciter) to his definition of logical consequence, (ii) the need for a non-proof-theoretic definition, (iii) the idea of a semantic definition, (iv) the adequacy conditions of preservation of truth, formality, and necessity, (v) the nature, structure, and totality of models, (vi) the logicality problem that threatens the definition of logical consequence (the problem of logical constants), (vii) a general solution to the logicality, formality, and necessity problems/challenges, based on the isomorphism-invariance criterion of logicality, (viii) philosophical background and justification of the isomorphism-invariance criterion, and (ix) major criticisms of the semantic definition and the isomorphism-invariance criterion.
Author : JC Beall,Jeffrey C. Beall,Greg Restall
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199288403
Consequence is at the heart of logic, and an account of consequence offers a vital tool in the evaluation of arguments. This text presents what the authors term as 'logical pluralism' arguing that the notion of logical consequence doesn't pin down one deductive consequence relation; it allows for many of them.
Author : Rudolf Dreikurs
Publisher : Plume Books
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : PSU:000025767841
Author : Colin R. Caret,Ole T. Hjortland
Publisher : Mind Association Occasional
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780198715696
This volume presents new work on a central issue in the philosophy of logic. Leading figures in the field offer ground-breaking insights into topics including the nature of logical consequence; the relation between logic and inference; the relativity of logic; and the structural properties of the consequence relation.
Author : Ryszard Wójcicki
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401569422
The general aim of this book is to provide an elementary exposition of some basic concepts in terms of which both classical and non-dassicallogirs may be studied and appraised. Although quantificational logic is dealt with briefly in the last chapter, the discussion is chiefly concemed with propo gjtional cakuli. Still, the subject, as it stands today, cannot br covered in one book of reasonable length. Rather than to try to include in the volume as much as possible, I have put emphasis on some selected topics. Even these could not be roverrd completely, but for each topic I have attempted to present a detailed and precise t'Xposition of several basic results including some which are non-trivial. The roots of some of the central ideas in the volume go back to J. Luka siewicz's seminar on mathematicallogi.
Author : Gil Sagi,Jack Woods
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2023-10-19
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 1108435548
This collection of new essays presents cutting-edge research on the semantic conception of logic, the invariance criteria of logicality, grammaticality, and logical truth. Contributors explore the history of the semantic tradition, starting with Tarski, and its historical applications, while central criticisms of the tradition, and especially the use of invariance criteria to explain logicality, are revisited by the original participants in that debate. Other essays discuss more recent criticism of the approach, and researchers from mathematics and linguistics weigh in on the role of the semantic tradition in their disciplines. This book will be invaluable to philosophers and logicians alike.
Author : Stewart Shapiro
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Logic
ISBN : 9780199696529
Logical pluralism is the view that different logics are equally appropriate, or equally correct. Logical relativism is a pluralism according to which validity and logical consequence are relative to something. In Varieties of Logic, Stewart Shapiro develops several ways in which one can be a pluralist or relativist about logic. One of these is an extended argument that words and phrases like "valid" and "logical consequence" are polysemous or, perhaps better, are cluster concepts. The notions can be sharpened in various ways. This explains away the "debates" in the literature between inferentialists and advocates of a truth-conditional, model-theoretic approach, and between those who advocate higher-order logic and those who insist that logic is first-order. A significant kind of pluralism flows from an orientation toward mathematics that emerged toward the end of the nineteenth century, and continues to dominate the field today. The theme is that consistency is the only legitimate criterion for a theory. Logical pluralism arises when one considers a number of interesting and important mathematical theories that invoke a non-classical logic, and are rendered inconsistent, and trivial, if classical logic is imposed. So validity is relative to a theory or structure. The perspective raises a host of important questions about meaning. The most significant of these concern the semantic content of logical terminology, words like 'or', 'not', and 'for all', as they occur in rigorous mathematical deduction. Does the intuitionistic 'not', for example, have the same meaning as its classical counterpart? Shapiro examines the major arguments on the issue, on both sides, and finds them all wanting. He then articulates and defends a thesis that the question of meaning-shift is itself context-sensitive and, indeed, interest-relative. He relates the issue to some prominent considerations concerning open texture, vagueness, and verbal disputes. Logic is ubiquitous. Whenever there is deductive reasoning, there is logic. So there are questions about logical pluralism that are analogous to standard questions about global relativism. The most pressing of these concerns foundational studies, wherein one compares theories, sometimes with different logics, and where one figures out what follows from what in a given logic. Shapiro shows that the issues are not problematic, and that is usually easy to keep track of the logic being used and the one mentioned.
Author : Rudolf Dreikurs,Loren Grey
Publisher : Dutton Adult
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1968
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : IND:30000061604181
Proposes a system of discipline based on natural and logical consequences.
Author : Theodore Sider
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2010-01-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192658814
Logic for Philosophy is an introduction to logic for students of contemporary philosophy. It is suitable both for advanced undergraduates and for beginning graduate students in philosophy. It covers (i) basic approaches to logic, including proof theory and especially model theory, (ii) extensions of standard logic that are important in philosophy, and (iii) some elementary philosophy of logic. It emphasizes breadth rather than depth. For example, it discusses modal logic and counterfactuals, but does not prove the central metalogical results for predicate logic (completeness, undecidability, etc.) Its goal is to introduce students to the logic they need to know in order to read contemporary philosophical work. It is very user-friendly for students without an extensive background in mathematics. In short, this book gives you the understanding of logic that you need to do philosophy.
