The Confucian Legalist State A New Theory Of Chinese History

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The Confucian-Legalist State: A New Theory of Chinese History

Dingxin Zhao
The Confucian Legalist State A New Theory of Chinese History Book PDF

Author : Dingxin Zhao
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2015-09-22
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190463618

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The Confucian-Legalist State: A New Theory of Chinese History by Dingxin Zhao Pdf

In The Confucian-Legalist State, Dingxin Zhao offers a radically new analysis of Chinese imperial history from the eleventh century BCE to the fall of the Qing dynasty. This study first uncovers the factors that explain how, and why, China developed into a bureaucratic empire under the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE. It then examines the political system that crystallized during the Western Han dynasty, a system that drew on China's philosophical traditions of Confucianism and Legalism. Despite great changes in China's demography, religion, technology, and socioeconomic structures, this Confucian-Legalist political system survived for over two millennia. Yet, it was precisely because of the system's resilience that China, for better or worse, did not develop industrial capitalism as Western Europe did, notwithstanding China's economic prosperity and technological sophistication beginning with the Northern Song dynasty. In examining the nature of this political system, Zhao offers a new way of viewing Chinese history, one that emphasizes the importance of structural forces and social mechanisms in shaping historical dynamics. As a work of historical sociology, The Confucian-Legalist State aims to show how the patterns of Chinese history were not shaped by any single force, but instead by meaningful activities of social actors which were greatly constrained by, and at the same time reproduced and modified, the constellations of political, economic, military, and ideological forces. This book thus offers a startling new understanding of long-term patterns of Chinese history, one that should trigger debates for years to come among historians, political scientists, and sociologists.

The Confucian-legalist State

Dingxin Zhao
The Confucian legalist State Book PDF

Author : Dingxin Zhao
Publisher : Oxford Studies in Early Empire
Page : 473 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199351732

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The Confucian-legalist State by Dingxin Zhao Pdf

"The Confucian-Legalist State proposes a new theory of social change and, in doing so, analyzes the patterns of Chinese history, such as the rise and persistence of a unified empire, the continuous domination of Confucianism, and China's impossibility to develop industrial capitalism without being compelled by Western imperialism"--

The Confucian-Legalist State: A New Theory of Chinese History

Dingxin Zhao
The Confucian Legalist State A New Theory of Chinese History Book PDF

Author : Dingxin Zhao
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 688 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2015-10-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199351749

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The Confucian-Legalist State: A New Theory of Chinese History by Dingxin Zhao Pdf

In The Confucian-Legalist State, Dingxin Zhao offers a radically new analysis of Chinese imperial history from the eleventh century BCE to the fall of the Qing dynasty. This study first uncovers the factors that explain how, and why, China developed into a bureaucratic empire under the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE. It then examines the political system that crystallized during the Western Han dynasty, a system that drew on China's philosophical traditions of Confucianism and Legalism. Despite great changes in China's demography, religion, technology, and socioeconomic structures, this Confucian-Legalist political system survived for over two millennia. Yet, it was precisely because of the system's resilience that China, for better or worse, did not develop industrial capitalism as Western Europe did, notwithstanding China's economic prosperity and technological sophistication beginning with the Northern Song dynasty. In examining the nature of this political system, Zhao offers a new way of viewing Chinese history, one that emphasizes the importance of structural forces and social mechanisms in shaping historical dynamics. As a work of historical sociology, The Confucian-Legalist State aims to show how the patterns of Chinese history were not shaped by any single force, but instead by meaningful activities of social actors which were greatly constrained by, and at the same time reproduced and modified, the constellations of political, economic, military, and ideological forces. This book thus offers a startling new understanding of long-term patterns of Chinese history, one that should trigger debates for years to come among historians, political scientists, and sociologists.

China's Legalists: The Early Totalitarians

Zhengyuan Fu
China s Legalists The Early Totalitarians Book PDF

Author : Zhengyuan Fu
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 151 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2016-09-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781315285238

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China's Legalists: The Early Totalitarians by Zhengyuan Fu Pdf

This text discusses the Chinese Legalists, an ancient school of Chinese philosophy which flourished during the Period of the Hundred Contending Schools (6th-3rd century B.C.E.) The school perfected the science of government and art of statecraft to a level that would have greatly impressed Machiavelli. This period and its personalities, as well as a taste of the style and spirit of the Legalists' discourse, are made accessible to the student and general reader, placing into focus the roots of the great Chinese philosophy-as-statecraft tradition. The Legalists - most famously Li Kui, Shang Yang, Shen Buhai, Shen Dao, and Han Fei - had a great impact not only on the institutions and practices of Chinese imperial tradition but also on the Maoist totalitarianism of the People's Republic of China.

Rome and China

Walter Scheidel
Rome and China Book PDF

Author : Walter Scheidel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2009-02-05
Category : History
ISBN : 0199714290

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Rome and China by Walter Scheidel Pdf

Transcending ethnic, linguistic, and religious boundaries, early empires shaped thousands of years of world history. Yet despite the global prominence of empire, individual cases are often studied in isolation. This series seeks to change the terms of the debate by promoting cross-cultural, comparative, and transdisciplinary perspectives on imperial state formation prior to the European colonial expansion. Two thousand years ago, up to one-half of the human species was contained within two political systems, the Roman empire in western Eurasia (centered on the Mediterranean Sea) and the Han empire in eastern Eurasia (centered on the great North China Plain). Both empires were broadly comparable in terms of size and population, and even largely coextensive in chronological terms (221 BCE to 220 CE for the Qin/Han empire, c. 200 BCE to 395 CE for the unified Roman empire). At the most basic level of resolution, the circumstances of their creation are not very different. In the East, the Shang and Western Zhou periods created a shared cultural framework for the Warring States, with the gradual consolidation of numerous small polities into a handful of large kingdoms which were finally united by the westernmost marcher state of Qin. In the Mediterranean, we can observe comparable political fragmentation and gradual expansion of a unifying civilization, Greek in this case, followed by the gradual formation of a handful of major warring states (the Hellenistic kingdoms in the east, Rome-Italy, Syracuse and Carthage in the west), and likewise eventual unification by the westernmost marcher state, the Roman-led Italian confederation. Subsequent destabilization occurred again in strikingly similar ways: both empires came to be divided into two halves, one that contained the original core but was more exposed to the main barbarian periphery (the west in the Roman case, the north in China), and a traditionalist half in the east (Rome) and south (China). These processes of initial convergence and subsequent divergence in Eurasian state formation have never been the object of systematic comparative analysis. This volume, which brings together experts in the history of the ancient Mediterranean and early China, makes a first step in this direction, by presenting a series of comparative case studies on clearly defined aspects of state formation in early eastern and western Eurasia, focusing on the process of initial developmental convergence. It includes a general introduction that makes the case for a comparative approach; a broad sketch of the character of state formation in western and eastern Eurasia during the final millennium of antiquity; and six thematically connected case studies of particularly salient aspects of this process.

An Introduction to Hanfei's Political Philosophy

Henrique Schneider
An Introduction to Hanfei s Political Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Henrique Schneider
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2018-11-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781527522343

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An Introduction to Hanfei's Political Philosophy by Henrique Schneider Pdf

This is the first book to make the philosophy of Hanfei available at an introductory level. This fascinating thinker not only directly influenced the first Chinese Empire, but also embodied the strongest alternative to Confucianism in Chinese thought. Even today, his thinking influences China. It introduces key concepts and arguments in Hanfei’s legalist philosophy. It also contextualizes this thinking within Chinese history and in a comparative approach. The book will appeal to a wide audience interested in Chinese political philosophy, as well as to historians, social and political scientists.

Empires of Ancient Eurasia

Craig Benjamin
Empires of Ancient Eurasia Book PDF

Author : Craig Benjamin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2018-05-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107114968

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Empires of Ancient Eurasia by Craig Benjamin Pdf

Introduces a crucial period of world history when the vast exchange network of the Silk Roads connected most of Eurasia.

Confucianism

Daniel K. Gardner
Confucianism Book PDF

Author : Daniel K. Gardner
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780195398915

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Confucianism by Daniel K. Gardner Pdf

This volume shows the influence of the Sage's teachings over the course of Chinese history--on state ideology, the civil service examination system, imperial government, the family, and social relations--and the fate of Confucianism in China in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as China developed alongside a modernizing West and Japan. Some Chinese intellectuals attempted to reform the Confucian tradition to address new needs; others argued for jettisoning it altogether in favor of Western ideas and technology; still others condemned it angrily, arguing that Confucius and his legacy were responsible for China's feudal, ''backward'' conditions in the twentieth century and launching campaigns to eradicate its influences. Yet Chinese continue to turn to the teachings of Confucianism for guidance in their daily lives.

Name and Actuality in Early Chinese Thought

John Makeham
Name and Actuality in Early Chinese Thought Book PDF

Author : John Makeham
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1994-07-22
Category : History
ISBN : 9781438411743

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Name and Actuality in Early Chinese Thought by John Makeham Pdf

This is the first Western study of the philosophy of Xu Gan (170-217), a Confucian thinker who lived at a nodal point in the history of Chinese thought, when Han scholasticism had become ossified and the creative and independent quality that characterized Wei-Jin thought was just emerging. As the theme of his study, Makeham develops an original and richly detailed account of ming shi, 'name and actuality,' one of the key pairs of concepts in early Chinese thought. He shows how Xu Gan's understanding of the 'name and actuality' relationship was most immediately influenced by Xu Gan's understanding of why the Han dynasty had collapsed, yet had its roots in a tradition of discourse that spanned the classical period (circa 500-150 B.C.E.). In reconstructing the philosophical background of Xu Gan's understanding of the relationship between 'name and actuality,' Makeham identifies two antithetical theories of naming in early Chinese thought—nominalist and correlative—a distinction that is as great as the Realist-Nominalist distinction of Western thought. He shows how Xu Gan's views on the name and actuality relationship were animated, on the one hand, by a rejection of nominalist theories of naming, and on the other hand, by a novel appropriation of correlative theories of naming. The study also analyzes two of the more immediate social and intellectual issues in the late Eastern Han (25-220) period that had prompted Xu Gan to discuss the name and actuality relationship: the ethos of the scholar-gentry (ming jiao) and Han approaches to classical scholarship. Makeham demonstrates how Xu Gan's critique of these matters is valuable not only as a late Han philosophical account of what had led to the demise of the 400-year-old Han dynasty, but also as a mode of conceptualizing that contributed to the new direction that philosophical thinking took in the third century C.E..

Philosophers of the Warring States: A Sourcebook in Chinese Philosophy

Anonim
Philosophers of the Warring States A Sourcebook in Chinese Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Broadview Press
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2018-11-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781460405642

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Philosophers of the Warring States: A Sourcebook in Chinese Philosophy by Anonim Pdf

Philosophers of the Warring States is an anthology of new translations of essential readings from the classic texts of early Chinese philosophy, informed by the latest scholarship. It includes the Analects of Confucius, Meng Zi (Mencius), Xun Zi, Mo Zi, Lao Zi (Dao De Jing), Zhuang Zi, and Han Fei Zi, as well as short chapters on the Da Xue and the Zhong Yong. Pedagogically organized, this book offers philosophically sophisticated annotations and commentaries as well as an extensive glossary explaining key philosophical concepts in detail. The translations aim to be true to the originals yet accessible, with the goal of opening up these rich and subtle philosophical texts to modern readers without prior training in Chinese thought.

Tradition of the Law and Law of the Tradition

Xin Ren
Tradition of the Law and Law of the Tradition Book PDF

Author : Xin Ren
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1997-03-25
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780313370106

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Tradition of the Law and Law of the Tradition by Xin Ren Pdf

Traditionally, social theorists in the West have structured models of state social control according to the tenet that socialization is accomplished by means of external controls on behavior: undesirable actions are punished and desirable actions result either in material reward or a simple respite from the oppressive attentions of an authoritarian state. In this volume, the author presents the tradition of law in China as an exception to the Western model of social control. The Confucian bureaucracy that has long structured Chinese social life melded almost seamlessly with the Maoist revolutionary agenda to produce a culture in which collectivism and an internalized adherence to social law are, in some respects, congenital features of Chinese social consciousness. Through her investigation of the Maoist concept of revolutionary justice and the tradition of conformist acculturation in China, the author constructs a fascinating counterpoint to traditional Western arguments about social control.

Rhetoric in Ancient China, Fifth to Third Century B.C.E

Xing Lu
Rhetoric in Ancient China Fifth to Third Century B C E Book PDF

Author : Xing Lu
Publisher : Univ of South Carolina Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2022-03-10
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781643362908

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Rhetoric in Ancient China, Fifth to Third Century B.C.E by Xing Lu Pdf

Xing Lu examines language, art, persuasion, and argumentation in ancient China and offers a detailed and authentic account of ancient Chinese rhetorical theories and practices within the society's philosophical, political, cultural, and linguistic contexts. She focuses on the works of five schools of thought and ten well-known Chinese thinkers from Confucius to Han Feizi to the the Later Mohists. Lu identifies seven key Chinese terms pertaining to speech, language, persuasion, and argumentation as they appeared in these original texts, selecting ming bian as the linchpin for the Chinese conceptual term of rhetorical studies. Lu compares Chinese rhetorical perspectives with those of the ancient Greeks, illustrating that the Greeks and the Chinese shared a view of rhetoric as an ethical enterprise and of speech as a rational and psychological activity. The two traditions differed, however, in their rhetorical education, sense of rationality, perceptions of the role of language, approach to the treatment and study of rhetoric, and expression of emotions. Lu also links ancient Chinese rhetorical perspectives with contemporary Chinese interpersonal and political communication behavior and offers suggestions for a multicultural rhetoric that recognizes both culturally specific and transcultural elements of human communication.

The Mythistorical Chinese Scholar-Rebel-Advisor Li Yan

Roger V. Des Forges
The Mythistorical Chinese Scholar Rebel Advisor Li Yan Book PDF

Author : Roger V. Des Forges
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 586 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2020-03-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004421066

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The Mythistorical Chinese Scholar-Rebel-Advisor Li Yan by Roger V. Des Forges Pdf

This book uses a genealogical manuscript discovered in 2004 to argue for the historicity of the scholar-rebel-advisor Li Yan who helped overthrow the Ming polity in 1644. It invokes a spiral theory to elucidate his significance in Chinese and world history.

Rome's Economic Revolution

Philip Kay
Rome s Economic Revolution Book PDF

Author : Philip Kay
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199681549

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Rome's Economic Revolution by Philip Kay Pdf

Kay examines the economic change in Rome between the Second Punic War and the middle of the first century BC. He focuses on how the increased inflow of bullion and expansion of the availability of credit resulted in real per capita economic growth in the Italian peninsula, radically changing the composition and scale of the Roman economy.

The Power of Tiananmen

Dingxin Zhao
The Power of Tiananmen Book PDF

Author : Dingxin Zhao
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2008-12-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226982625

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The Power of Tiananmen by Dingxin Zhao Pdf

In the spring of 1989 over 100,000 students in Beijing initiated the largest student revolt in human history. Television screens across the world filled with searing images from Tiananmen Square of protesters thronging the streets, massive hunger strikes, tanks set ablaze, and survivors tending to the dead and wounded after a swift and brutal government crackdown. Dingxin Zhao's award-winning The Power of Tiananmen is the definitive treatment of these historic events. Along with grassroots tales and interviews with the young men and women who launched the demonstrations, Zhao carries out a penetrating analysis of the many parallel changes in China's state-society relations during the 1980s. Such changes prepared an alienated academy, gave rise to ecology-based student mobilization, restricted government policy choices, and shaped student emotions and public opinion, all of which, Zhao argues, account for the tragic events in Tiananmen.