The Currency Of Empire

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The Currency of Empire

Jonathan Barth
The Currency of Empire Book PDF

Author : Jonathan Barth
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2021-06-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781501755781

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The Currency of Empire by Jonathan Barth Pdf

In The Currency of Empire, Jonathan Barth explores the intersection of money and power in the early years of North American history, and he shows how the control of money informed English imperial action overseas. The export-oriented mercantile economy promoted by the English Crown, Barth argues, directed the plan for colonization, the regulation of colonial commerce, and the politics of empire. The imperial project required an orderly flow of gold and silver, and thus England's colonial regime required stringent monetary regulation. As Barth shows, money was also a flash point for resistance; many colonists acutely resented their subordinate economic station, desiring for their local economies a robust, secure, and uniform money supply. This placed them immediately at odds with the mercantilist laws of the empire and precipitated an imperial crisis in the 1670s, a full century before the Declaration of Independence. The Currency of Empire examines what were a series of explosive political conflicts in the seventeenth century and demonstrates how the struggle over monetary policy prefigured the patriot reaction to the Stamp Act and so-called Intolerable Acts on the eve of American independence. Thanks to generous funding from the Arizona State University and George Mason University, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access (OA) volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other Open Access repositories.

The Gold Standard at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

Steven Bryan
The Gold Standard at the Turn of the Twentieth Century Book PDF

Author : Steven Bryan
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2010-08-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9780231526333

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The Gold Standard at the Turn of the Twentieth Century by Steven Bryan Pdf

By the end of the nineteenth century, the world was ready to adopt the gold standard out of concerns of national power, prestige, and anti-English competition. Yet although the gold standard allowed countries to enact a virtual single world currency, the years before World War I were not a time of unfettered liberal economics and one-world, one-market harmony. Outside of Europe, the gold standard became a tool for nationalists and protectionists primarily interested in growing domestic industry and imperial expansion. This overlooked trend, provocatively reassessed in Steven Bryan's well-documented history, contradicts our conception of the gold standard as a British-based system infused with English ideas, interests, and institutions. In countries like Japan and Argentina, where nationalist concerns focused on infant-industry protection and the growth of military power, the gold standard enabled the expansion of trade and the goals of the age: industry and empire. Bryan argues that these countries looked less to Britain and more to North America and the rest of Europe for ideological models. Not only does this history challenge our idealistic notions of the prewar period, but it also reorients our understanding of the history that followed. Policymakers of the 1920s latched onto the idea that global prosperity before World War I was the result of a system dominated by English liberalism. Their attempt to reproduce this triumph helped bring about the global downturn, the Great Depression, and the collapse of the interwar world.

A Cultural History of Money in the Age of Empire

Bloomsbury Publishing
A Cultural History of Money in the Age of Empire Book PDF

Author : Bloomsbury Publishing
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350253544

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A Cultural History of Money in the Age of Empire by Bloomsbury Publishing Pdf

The nineteenth century was a time of intense monetization of social life: increasingly money became the only means of access to goods and services, especially in the new metropolises; new technologies and infrastructures emerged for saving and circulating money and for standardizing coinage; and paper currencies were printed, founded purely on trust without any intrinsic metallic value. But the monetary landscape was ambivalent so that the forces unifying monetary practice (imperial and national currencies, global monetary standards such as the gold standard) coexisted with the proliferation of local currencies. Money became a central issue in politics, the arts, and sciences - and the modern discipline of economics was born, with its claim to a monopoly on knowing and governing money. Drawing upon a wealth of visual and textual sources, A Cultural History of Money in the Age of Empire presents essays that examine key cultural case studies of the period on the themes of technologies, ideas, ritual and religion, the everyday, art and representation, interpretation, and the issues of the age.

Empire of Silver

Jin Xu
Empire of Silver Book PDF

Author : Jin Xu
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2021-02-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9780300258271

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Empire of Silver by Jin Xu Pdf

A thousand-year history of how China’s obsession with silver influenced the country’s financial well-being, global standing, and political stability This revelatory account of the ways silver shaped Chinese history shows how an obsession with “white metal” held China back from financial modernization. First used as currency during the Song dynasty in around 900 CE, silver gradually became central to China’s economic framework and was officially monetized in the middle of the Ming dynasty during the sixteenth century. However, due to the early adoption of paper money in China, silver was not formed into coins but became a cumbersome “weighing currency,” for which ingots had to be constantly examined for weight and purity—an unwieldy practice that lasted for centuries. While China’s interest in silver spurred new avenues of trade and helped increase the country’s global economic footprint, Jin Xu argues that, in the long run, silver played a key role in the struggles and entanglements that led to the decline of the Chinese empire.

Money, Finance, and Empire, 1790-1960

R. F Holland,A. N Porter,A.N. Porter
Money Finance and Empire 1790 1960 Book PDF

Author : R. F Holland,A. N Porter,A.N. Porter
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2012-11-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136284274

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Money, Finance, and Empire, 1790-1960 by R. F Holland,A. N Porter,A.N. Porter Pdf

Scholars have recently begun to pay renewed attention to the economics of empire, focusing in particular on the requirements of metropolitan Britain's economy and on the activities of imperial businesses. Within this broad field, financial questions, not least the subject of investment overseas or the 'export of capital', have long had a prominent place, and have been equally affected by the development of new appraoches. The consensus as to the volume and direction of Britain's overseas investments is being vigorously challenged. Technological advances have encouraged on a greatly enlarged scale the compilation and analysis of information about British investments and shareholdings abroad. The gradual easing of restrictions on business records has increased facilities for the study, especially, of imperial and colonial banking. Work on the financial policies of central governments is revealing much of interest to students of twentieth-century colonial rule and decolonization. This collection of essays brings together a selection of the latest research on these and other themes, and, for comparative purposes, includes examples of recent continental work.

War and Gold

Kwasi Kwarteng
War and Gold Book PDF

Author : Kwasi Kwarteng
Publisher : PublicAffairs
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2014-05-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9781610391962

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War and Gold by Kwasi Kwarteng Pdf

The world was wild for gold. After discovering the Americas, and under pressure to defend their vast dominion, the Habsburgs of Spain promoted gold and silver exploration in the New World with ruthless urgency. But, the great influx of wealth brought home by plundering conquistadors couldn't compensate for the Spanish government's extraordinary military spending, which would eventually bankrupt the country multiple times over and lead to the demise of the great empire. Gold became synonymous with financial dependability, and following the devastating chaos of World War I, the gold standard came to express the order of the free market system. Warfare in pursuit of wealth required borrowing -- a quickly compulsive dependency for many governments. And when people lost confidence in the promissory notes and paper currencies issued during wartime, governments again turned to gold. In this captivating historical study, Kwarteng exposes a pattern of war-waging and financial debt -- bedmates like April and taxes that go back hundreds of years, from the French Revolution to the emergence of modern-day China. His evidence is as rich and colorful as it is sweeping. And it starts and ends with gold.

The Money Power

William Guy Carr,Edwin Charles Knuth
The Money Power Book PDF

Author : William Guy Carr,Edwin Charles Knuth
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-01
Category : History
ISBN : 1615771212

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The Money Power by William Guy Carr,Edwin Charles Knuth Pdf

"The Money Power" contains two classic books on geopolitics, "Pawns in the Game" and "Empire of the City", which present the thesis that the wars and revolutions of modern times have been engineered by an English-speaking finance oligarchy to perpetuate their balance of power over the world. They are the power behind the British throne and the American government. Behind a mask of liberal democracy, their method is subversion, destruction of the old world order, and the humiliation of all rival power centres. The money power controls world politics, behind the scenes and in full view. It is a corrupt, cynical oligarchy that buys all the governments it can - with their own funds. This power of money also stares us in the face as a relentless effort to determine every aspect of our family life, work and values, magnetising everything. In "Pawns in the Game," Wm. Guy Carr sets out his famous Three World Wars scenario. WWI was planned to topple the Russian and German empires and set up the conflict between Fascism and Bolshevism. WWII was to eliminate Germany as a world power and set up Israel instead. WWIII, which we are now leading up to, is planned to mutually annihilate Zionism and Islam in a global conflict that bankrupts the entire world, ending in absolute rule by the Money Masters. Carr emphasises the role of the Illuminati in carrying out this plot, while Knuth's "Empire of the City" focuses on the British Empire and its balance of power intrigues.

Money and Empire

Perry Mehrling
Money and Empire Book PDF

Author : Perry Mehrling
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2022-08-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781009178525

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Money and Empire by Perry Mehrling Pdf

Charles Kindleberger ranks as one of the twentieth century's best known and most influential international economists. This book traces the evolution of his thinking in the context of a 'key-currency' approach to the rise of the dollar system, here revealed as the indispensable framework for global economic development since World War II. Unlike most of his colleagues, Kindleberger was deeply interested in history, and his economics brimmed with real people and institutional details. His research at the New York Fed and BIS during the Great Depression, his wartime intelligence work, and his role in administering the Marshall Plan gave him deep insight into how the international financial system really operated. A biography of both the dollar and a man, this book is also the story of the development of ideas about how money works. It throws revealing light on the underlying economic forces and political obstacles shaping our globalized world.

Race and Empire

Jane Samson
Race and Empire Book PDF

Author : Jane Samson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2015-10-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317876052

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Race and Empire by Jane Samson Pdf

Readers at the beginning of the twenty-first century are probably more racially self-aware than any other generation has been. Like the relationship between gender and history, that between race and history is perceived to be of the utmost importance by young people and the older generation because it has left such a controversial legacy in the shape of hopes for multiculturalism, diversity, and tolerance. This new Seminar Study provides an introduction to the intricate and far-reaching relationship between attitudes toward racial difference and imperial expansion. Imperialism is a topic that can be approached from many different angles. By concentrating on the topical issue of race, this book takes a very different approach from the more familiar political or economic studies of imperial expansion.

A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire

Sevket Pamuk
A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire Book PDF

Author : Sevket Pamuk
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2000-03-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521441978

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A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire by Sevket Pamuk Pdf

An important book on the monetary history of the Ottoman empire by a leading economic historian.

The Crumbling of Empire

M. J. Bonn
The Crumbling of Empire Book PDF

Author : M. J. Bonn
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2017-03-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351799034

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The Crumbling of Empire by M. J. Bonn Pdf

This book concerns the end of the age of colonization and the inherent changes in the world economy. It discusses the author’s perception of the disintegration of free trade and ideas on the solution of federation. Starting with an introduction to economic thought and history the author then presents the state of the world at the time of writing in terms of colonies and dependencies and looks at economic nationalism and economic separatism. This discursive text is an important account of the global economic issues of the early twentieth century by one of the most well-known economists of the age who became a foremost expert in international financial affairs.

Empire of Silver

Jin Xu
Empire of Silver Book PDF

Author : Jin Xu
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2021-02-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780300250046

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Empire of Silver by Jin Xu Pdf

A thousand-year history of how China's obsession with silver influenced the country's financial well-being, global standing, and political stability This revelatory account of the ways silver shaped Chinese history shows how an obsession with "white metal" held China back from financial modernization. First used as currency during the Song dynasty in around 900 CE, silver gradually became central to China's economic framework and was officially monetized in the middle of the Ming dynasty during the sixteenth century. However, due to the early adoption of paper money in China, silver was not formed into coins but became a cumbersome "weighing currency," for which ingots had to be constantly examined for weight and purity--an unwieldy practice that lasted for centuries. While China's interest in silver spurred new avenues of trade and helped increase the country's global economic footprint, Jin Xu argues that, in the long run, silver played a key role in the struggles and entanglements that led to the decline of the Chinese empire.

The Survival of Empire

G. B. Souza,George Bryan Souza
The Survival of Empire Book PDF

Author : G. B. Souza,George Bryan Souza
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2004-07-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521531357

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The Survival of Empire by G. B. Souza,George Bryan Souza Pdf

In this original study of the Portuguese Empire in the East, the Estado da India, George Souza looks in detail at the activities of Macao. His aim is to enquire into the nature of Portuguese society in China and the South China Sea and explain why the political and economic activities of the Portuguese crown did not inhibit the growth of local entrepreneurial trade. He also examines the nature of Portuguese maritime trade in Asia and analyses the focal role of Macao as an adjunct to the Canton market. The operations of Portuguese private merchants, the so-called 'country traders', are described and tellingly assessed in the wider context of the economic development of China and Southeast Asia in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

American Empire

A. G. Hopkins
American Empire Book PDF

Author : A. G. Hopkins
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 1002 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2019-08-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9780691196879

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American Empire by A. G. Hopkins Pdf

"Compelling, provocative, and learned. This book is a stunning and sophisticated reevaluation of the American empire. Hopkins tells an old story in a truly new way--American history will never be the same again."--Jeremi Suri, author of The Impossible Presidency: The Rise and Fall of America's Highest Office.Office.

Off The Map

Chellis Glendinning
Off The Map Book PDF

Author : Chellis Glendinning
Publisher : New Society Publishers
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2002-08-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1550923323

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Off The Map by Chellis Glendinning Pdf

Today's global economy is yesterday's empire. Imperialism in whatever guise is the same through time, penetrating every area of our lives, affecting whole cultures as well as the deep core of individuals. And maps have been the tools of empire, defining the territory to be exploited. Off The Map is a unique exploration of globalization. Part history, part autobiography, and part fiction, it weaves together the history of the last 300 years of Western imperialism, the author's own story of sexual abuse in the 1950s, and a present-day horseback ride through the recently colonized Chicano world of New Mexico. The author takes us with her as she travels 'off the map' through the ancestral lands of her friend and traveling companion Snowflake Martinez, describing the Chicano people's struggle to survive the onslaught of a globalized world, and the ways in which that struggle has been replicated countless times. In a different voice, she reveals scenes from her childhood, her grandparents adorning themselves with artifacts symbolic of the British Empire, and her medical doctor father raping both her and her brother for twelve years. The political is deeply personal. And hope, according to Glendinning, resides in our creating new maps that chart worlds fashioned by love and respect for community, place and nature. "A dazzling contribution to the critical study of globalization (qua imperialism)." -- Devon Peña, author of Chicano Culture, Ecology, Politics: Subversive Kin