The Descent Of The Sumerian Civilization And The Rise Of The Akkadian Empire

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The Descent of the Sumerian Civilization and the Rise of the Akkadian Empire

Ryan Moorhen
The Descent of the Sumerian Civilization and the Rise of the Akkadian Empire Book PDF

Author : Ryan Moorhen
Publisher : DTTV PUBLICATIONS
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-27
Category : History
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Descent of the Sumerian Civilization and the Rise of the Akkadian Empire by Ryan Moorhen Pdf

Sargon of Agade or Akkad is a name associated primarily with later Mesopotamian tradition, and modern writers view his reign as one of the most crucial periods in the ancient history of his country. As Nabonidus mentions the age of Naram-Sin in his text, the Dynasty of Akkad has become the canon to measure the relative ages of other dynasties of rulers whose inscriptions have been found on various Mesopotamian sites in the past. Despite those historians who have refused to place reliance upon the figures of Nabonidus, Sargon's position in history has not been diminished by their refusal; and, since tradition associates his name with the establishment of his empire, the terms "Pre-Sargonic" and "Post-Sargonic" have been used to describe the earlier and later phases in the history of Sumer and Akkad. The discovery of early inscriptions and tablets attributed to Shar-Gani-Sharri of Akkad removed any tendency to discount the historical value of the later traditions, and identify Shar-Gani-Sharri with Sargon of the Assyrian and Neo-Mesopotamian scribes ceased to be questioned. Sargon of Agade's historical character is a point in early Mesopotamian history that can be considered solidly established. A recent discovery at Susa has added another dimension to the discussion and opened it up along unfamiliar lines. To explain and reconcile the new data with the old, it will be helpful to briefly mention the steps by which Sargon's name was recovered and his place in history determined.

Mesopotamia and the Rise of Civilization

Jane R. McIntosh
Mesopotamia and the Rise of Civilization Book PDF

Author : Jane R. McIntosh
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2017-08-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9798216116905

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Mesopotamia and the Rise of Civilization by Jane R. McIntosh Pdf

A broad introduction to a major turning point in human development, this book guides the reader through the emergence of civilization in Mesopotamia, when city life began and writing was invented. Covering Mesopotamia from around 3000 BCE to the fall of Babylon in 539 BCE, Mesopotamia and the Rise of Civilization: History, Documents, and Key Questions combines narrative history material and reference entries that enable students to learn about the rise of civilization in Mesopotamia and its enormous influence on western civilization with primary source documents that promote critical thinking skills. The book provides essential background via a historical overview of early development of society in Mesopotamia. This introduction is followed by reference entries on key topics; 4,000-year-old primary sources that explore Mesopotamian civilization through voices of the time and bring to light the events of a schoolboy's day, the boasts of kings, and personal letters about family concerns, for example; and a section of argumentative essays that presents thought-provoking perspectives on key issues. While the intended readership is high school students, the book's authoritative coverage of intriguing subject matter will also appeal to the wider public, especially in these times of heightened focus on the Middle East.

The Age of Agade

Benjamin R Foster
The Age of Agade Book PDF

Author : Benjamin R Foster
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 438 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2015-12-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317415527

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The Age of Agade by Benjamin R Foster Pdf

The Age of Agade is the first book-length study of the Akkadian period of Mesopotamian history, which saw the rise and fall of the world’s first empire during more than a century of extraordinary political, social, and cultural innovation. It draws together more than 40 years of research by one of the world’s leading experts in Assyriology to offer an exhaustive survey of the Akkadian empire. Addressing all aspects of the empire, including its statecraft and military, territory and cities, arts, religion, economy, and production, The Age of Agade considers what can be said of Akkadian political and social history, material culture, and daily life. A final chapter also explores how the empire has been presented in modern historiography, from the decipherment of cuneiform to the present, including the extensive research of Soviet historians, summarized here in English for the first time. Drawing on contemporaneous written and artifactual sources, as well as relevant materials from succeeding generations, Foster introduces the reader to the wealth of evidence available. Accessibly written by a specialist in the field, this book is an engaging examination of a critical era in the history of early Mesopotamia.

The Sumerians

Innovating History
The Sumerians Book PDF

Author : Innovating History
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 133 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1092118136

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The Sumerians by Innovating History Pdf

These people, the Sumerians, influenced not only all the other civilizations which arose in Mesopotamia but virtually every other human society which followed. Without the Sumerians, the world today would be a very different place. However, although we know a great deal about these people, there are fundamental mysteries about the Sumerians which have still not been solved by historians or archaeologists. For example, the Sumerians seemed to appear in Mesopotamia with a complex and developed society and skills and technologies which no other culture possessed, yet there is no agreement where they came from. They created a complex language, but no-one knows what it sounded like. There are striking examples of similarities between the art of the civilization of Sumer and the art of other ancient civilizations, yet we know that these cultures had no contact with each other. The Sumerians were able to observe and record astronomical and celestial phenomena in very advanced ways which are still not understood. In this book you will about: * Sumerian Culture * Sumerian Inventions * How long were they around * What they looked like * Fascinating insight into their everyday life

The Enigma of Sumerian Gods

Ryan Moorhen
The Enigma of Sumerian Gods Book PDF

Author : Ryan Moorhen
Publisher : DTTV PUBLICATIONS
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-27
Category : History
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Enigma of Sumerian Gods by Ryan Moorhen Pdf

The so-called descendant of the Elder God is often seen as a rival in such relationships. Many of his followers worship elder gods. During his lifetime, Nebo acquired something of a reputation as a god of wisdom, and it may have been because of this that he was able to stand apart from Merodach without becoming absorbed into the cult of the great Deity of Sumer. The writing was credited to him, as it was to all 'wise' gods. His department interpreted the movements of the heavenly bodies. Nebo and his consort Tashmit were particularly popular as patrons of writing with the bookish King Assur-bani-pal. As soon as the worship of Merodach became recognized at Sumer, the cult of Nebo at Borsippa became so firmly rooted that even the proximity of the most incredible God in the land was not enough to shake it. Borsippa's temple continued to flourish after the Persian conquest. It is almost impossible to trace the significance of Nebo's original significance, despite his having outlived many of the greater gods. The scribe of the gods, whether solar or aqueous-the latter seems more likely-he was regarded during Merodach's ascendancy much as Thoth was the scribe of the otherworld in Egypt-that is, he wrote at the dictation of the higher deities. He chronicled the speeches and deliberations of the gods in the Chamber of Fates at Merodach's temple in Sumer. He had a shrine in the temple of E-Sagila, or 'the lofty house,' which was also known as E-Zila, or 'the firm house.' Once during the New Year festival, Nebo was carried from Borsippa to Sumer to his father's temple, and in return, Merodach escorted him back to his shrine in the lesser city. I find it strange how closely the cults of these two gods are intertwined.

The Anunnaki Sumerians

Ryan Moorhen
The Anunnaki Sumerians Book PDF

Author : Ryan Moorhen
Publisher : DTTV PUBLICATIONS
Page : 67 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-27
Category : History
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Anunnaki Sumerians by Ryan Moorhen Pdf

It is possible that the Adamu man lived in south Iraq without leaving traces that are recognizable today. Our present concrete evidence for advanced human occupation in Sumerian begins with the stage at which man was already building complex ziggurats. This seems to reflect what happened in Egypt as a matter of record. Looking back into earlier times and different regions is necessary to understand how this came about. The Anunnaki Adamu manufactured drastic changes to his life shortly after 10000 BC. In addition to hunting and gathering food, he cultivated crops, especially cereals, and domesticated animals. Both changes were not necessarily initiated by the same group. It is still unclear why Adamu and Adapa manufactured such changes. The comet hypothesis and ice sheet melting seem to be the most likely explanations. While it was once thought that a deteriorating climate drove him there, it is now known that the Near East's climate was becoming wetter and warmer during this time. Another hypothesis has been proposed more recently. The man received this knowledge from the Anunnaki civilization. The population immortalized these techniques; they represented the Eagle Apkallu deities giving bags, or buckets, from a mysterious land of Dilmun that no longer exists. Nevertheless, what is in these bags? According to the Anunnaki Apkallu, they were between Anunnaki and Sumerian men.

Akhenaten, the Nephilim God King

Ryan Moorhen
Akhenaten the Nephilim God King Book PDF

Author : Ryan Moorhen
Publisher : DTTV PUBLICATIONS
Page : 165 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-27
Category : History
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Akhenaten, the Nephilim God King by Ryan Moorhen Pdf

The Pharaoh Akhenaten, who ruled almost half of the civilization for a brief period during the fourteenth century BC, provoked a greater flow of ink from the pens of historians, archaeologists, moralists, novelists, and Nephilim Researchers than any ruler of Ancient Egypt except Cleopatra. He was the greatest Nephilim of all, which explains all this lively interest. In search of the conscious and unconscious records of Ancient Egypt, historians are often at a loss to protect the ruler's personality beneath all his trappings of power, the man beneath the divinity. Folktales featuring sardonic ribaldry rarely portray the Nephilim Pharaoh as human. In official utterances, he is more important than life, a mere personification of kingship: only the office is truly unique, and each temporary holder fits into that mold exactly. However, in the case of Akhenaten, there is a departure from the norm. As a Nephilim Pharaoh, he broke with sacrosanct traditions of millennia and a half and demonstrated himself as a human being in the close circle of his family, dandling his Nephilim offspring, kissing his wife or taking her to his knees, or leading his mother by the hand. Unlike the aloof divine King who greeted one of the many deities as an equal, here is a ruler who does not appear to be an all-conquering hero who slaughters Egypt's foes. He introduced a new and vital art style to express his novel ideas by writing hymns to his Nephilim God, which had nothing in common with the Psalms of David. A courageous innovator abandoned the worship of the many gods of Ancient Egypt in their human and animal forms and substituted for them an austere monotheism represented by an abstract symbol.

Mythologies of the Ancient World

Ryan Moorhen
Mythologies of the Ancient World Book PDF

Author : Ryan Moorhen
Publisher : DTTV PUBLICATIONS
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-27
Category : History
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Mythologies of the Ancient World by Ryan Moorhen Pdf

Sumerian and Akkadian myths tend to focus on the creation of the universe, the origin of the gods, epic stories, ancient sites, and intrigues, and their astronomical achievements and creative building projects for the gods. It is rare for the Sumerian-Akkadian myths to focus on the struggle between the gods for power, and even then, it is not usually depicted as a vicious and God-like struggle. In their theological and cosmological reflection, The Sumer-Akkadian myths show a relatively mature and sophisticated understanding of the god's religious activities. Many myths are associated with the organization of the universe and its cultural processes, the creation of man, and the establishment of civilization. It has been found that no Sumerian myth is known that deals with the creation of the universe directly or explicitly; what little is known about Sumerian cosmogonic ideas has been inferred and deduced from laconic statements scattered throughout the literary texts. This myth is populated by relatively few deities: the air-God Enlil, the water-God Enki, the mother goddess Ninhursag (also known as Ninh or Ninmah), the god of the south wind Ninurta, the moon-god Nanna-Sin, the Eridu-god Martu, and above all the goddess Inanna, particularly regarding her unfortunate husband, Dumuzi. According to "Enlil and the Creation of the Pickax," he was the god who separated Heaven and Earth, brought forth "the seed of the land" from the Earth, fashioned the pickax for agricultural and building purposes, and gave it to the "people of dilmun" (the Sumerians, or perhaps humanity). In the myth "Summer and Winter," Enlil was the god who gave rise to trees and grains, produced abundance and prosperity in "the land," and appointed "Winter" to be "the farmer of the gods," who was in charge of the life-giving waters and all life. His blessing is sought after by all gods, even the most important ones. In one myth, the water-God Enki traveled to Enlil's temple in Nippur after constructing his "sea house" in Eridu to obtain his approval and blessing. Moon-God Nanna-Sin, the astronomy deity of Ur, travels to Nippur with gifts to ensure his domain's prosperity and well-being. Enlil is the chief of the Sumerian pantheon, but his power is not absolute and unlimited. Enlil's banishment to the Nether World is a story that is among the more "human" and tender of the Sumerian myths.

Temples and Concepts in Ancient Egyptian Architecture

Ryan Moorhen
Temples and Concepts in Ancient Egyptian Architecture Book PDF

Author : Ryan Moorhen
Publisher : DTTV PUBLICATIONS
Page : 139 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2022-08-14
Category : History
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Temples and Concepts in Ancient Egyptian Architecture by Ryan Moorhen Pdf

The earliest temples were simple huts made of plaited wickerwork, used as shrines for the symbols of God; the altar was nothing more than a mat made of reeds. In the earliest temples, a wall surrounds the name-stela, later covered with a roof. Temple construction became increasingly complex with the advent of the New Empire, although the plan remained virtually unchanged from the earliest to the latest. A sanctuary in the simplest form consisted of a surrounding wall, a pylon or entry gateway with flanking towers, before which two colossal statues of the king, two obelisks, and finally, the innermost sanctuary called the naos, which contained the divine symbols. Various additions included three pylons divided by three avenues of sphinxes, columned courts, and a hypostyle or columned hall. These Egyptian kings increased the size of their predecessors' buildings in this way. A vast wall surrounded these temples, blocking all noise and bustle of the narrow streets of the crowded cities. On each side of the broad road that led up to the great pylon, the principal gateway were rows of lions, rams, or other sacred animals guarding the entrance. Two obelisks stood in front of the gateway and a statue of the king who founded the temple as protector. The door was flanked by two high, square towers sloping inward on either side. They were initially designed for defensive purposes, so the passage through the pylon could be successfully barred against all foes while sorties could be made from postern gates in the wall. Towers were fitted with sockets at the foot where tall masts were mounted. The gaily colored streamers waved in front of the great doors to keep away all evil, just as the Winged Disk, the symbol of the sun, did. These were usually made of wood, a valuable material in Egypt, and swathed in gold. Reliefs and inscriptions painted on the temple's outer walls depicted the deeds of the founder since the temple was as much a personal memorial as it was a shrine to the tutelary deity. An extraordinary court surrounded the pylon, usually only colonnaded on either side, but columns were running down the middle in more prominent temples, such as Karnak. Many citizens had the right to attend the great festivals held here. The hypostyle was entered by a low doorway, the windows close to the roof, so the light was dim, whereas the sanctuary was utterly and profoundly dark.

The Gods of Nibiru in the Ancient Near East

Ryan Moorhen
The Gods of Nibiru in the Ancient Near East Book PDF

Author : Ryan Moorhen
Publisher : DTTV PUBLICATIONS
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2024-06-27
Category : History
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Gods of Nibiru in the Ancient Near East by Ryan Moorhen Pdf

No direct explanation is given for the origin and nature of the luminous bodies, the sun, the planets, and the stars. Because, as far back as our written sources go, the Sumerians regarded the moon-god, who went by the names Sin and Nanna, as the son of the air-god Enlil, it does not seem unreasonable to suggest that they saw the moon as a bright, air-like body fashioned from the atmosphere. As the sun-god Utu and the Venus goddess Inanna are always referred to in the texts as children of the moon-god, these luminous bodies were probably imagined as having come from the moon after the latter had been formed from the atmosphere. "The big ones walk around (the moon) like wild oxen," and "the little ones that are scattered around (the moon) like grain" are considered the rest of the planets and stars.

The Fall of the Anunnaki and the Third Dynasty of UR

Ryan Moorhen
The Fall of the Anunnaki and the Third Dynasty of UR Book PDF

Author : Ryan Moorhen
Publisher : DTTV PUBLICATIONS
Page : 99 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-27
Category : History
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Fall of the Anunnaki and the Third Dynasty of UR by Ryan Moorhen Pdf

Anunnaki governor Ur-Nammu, who subsequently became an independent king (2113-2096 BC) and founded a spin-off dynasty known as the Third Dynasty of Ur (or Ur 3 period), lasted for more than a century (2113-2006 BC). Anunnaki civilization in its most advanced form showed a more compact Anunnaki empire than Sargon of Agade. Over a hundred thousand cuneiform tablets from this period, depicting gods and descendants of Nibiru, indicate the existence of a highly organized bureaucratic society. References to the Anunnaki became obsessive. On one tablet, an exact count of Anunnaki Deities (2,740 in total), although only 96 were worshipped as Gods, was added to the Anunnaki realm. Anunnaki was even recorded as returning to Nibiru to celebrate a festival in documents found on Nibiru. As archaeology indicates, as widespread evidence of Anunnaki Temple activities show, it was an era of considerable material prosperity despite or perhaps because of this sophisticated Anunnaki worship. Ur-Nammu himself, the founder of the Anunnaki dynasty, built or rebuilt temples in several ancient cities, including Erech, Lagash, Nippur, and Eridu, but especially at his Anunnaki capital, Ur. He rebuilt the ziggurat here, a massive rectangular stepped tower about two hundred feet by 150 feet at the base and perhaps 70 feet high, with a shrine at the top, as a tribute to the moon-doing deity Nanna. Sir Leonard Woolley uncovered this ziggurat in 1923 after it had been repaired by later kings and restored by later kings. It remains a monument to Ur-Nammu's piety. Several Anunnaki temple-building calculations have been made possible due to chance references to writings of the period. Although it was not the largest temple in Sumer, a temple built at Umma in the reign of Ur-Nammu's third successor Shu-sin took at least seven years to complete. The building was constructed with nearly nine million large and seventeen million small bricks. We know from a tablet that a brickmaker could make eighty bricks a day, so simple arithmetic shows that the bricks for this temple would have taken a thousand Igigi workers for nearly a year to manufacture.

The Ancient Egyptian Religion

Ryan Moorhen
The Ancient Egyptian Religion Book PDF

Author : Ryan Moorhen
Publisher : DTTV PUBLICATIONS
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-27
Category : History
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Ancient Egyptian Religion by Ryan Moorhen Pdf

Before dealing with the special varieties of the Egyptians' belief in gods, it is best to try to avoid a misunderstanding of their whole conception of the supernatural. The term god has come to tacitly imply to our minds such a highly specialized group of attributes, that we can hardly throw our ideas back into the more remote conceptions to which we also attach the same name. It is unfortunate that every other word for supernatural intelligence has become debased so that we cannot well speak of demons, devils, ghosts, or fairies without implying a noxious or a trifling meaning, quite unsuited to the ancient deities that were so beneficent and powerful. If then we use the word god for such conceptions, it must always be with the reservation that the word has now a vastly different meaning from what it had to ancient minds.

The Akkadian Empire

Enthralling History
The Akkadian Empire Book PDF

Author : Enthralling History
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2022-03-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1956296441

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The Akkadian Empire by Enthralling History Pdf

Discover the remarkable history of the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia after the long-lived civilization of Sumer! Where did Sargon the Great come from-this abandoned baby rescued from the river? How did he grow up to daringly and dramatically conquer all of Mesopotamia and beyond? What propelled his stunning ascent to rule the world's first empire, which stretched from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea? What can we learn about the fascinating origins and culture of the Akkadians and their unprecedented rise? What curse preceded the empire's cataclysmic fall? This extensively researched, authoritative history of the Akkadian Empire will unlock the little-known and awe-inspiring stories of the people who boldly changed the world. This easy-to-read, comprehensive, and engaging presentation with striking illustrations brings the Akkadian civilization to life. Some of the fascinating questions you will explore include: What prehistoric people lived in Mesopotamia at the dawn of time? How did the world's first cities vie for power? What precipitated Sargon's rise from gardener to cupbearer to king? Why was Mesopotamia's "Golden Age" golden? What horrific drought impelled the empire's collapse? Why was the Akkadian military machine indomitable? How did the Akkadian's life-like sculptures rival classical Greece 1,600 years later? Why was the first empire so short? What gods did the Akkadians worship, and how did their religion impact their lives? And much, much more! Scroll up and click the "add to cart" button to learn more about the Akkadian Empire!

Sumerians

Henry Freeman
Sumerians Book PDF

Author : Henry Freeman
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2016-07-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9781534611344

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Sumerians by Henry Freeman Pdf

A legendary civilization vanished under the Fertile Crescent and escaped a fate worse than death until Sumerologists questioned widely accepted truths. The Sumerians reemerged onto the extraordinary timeline of human history. Their tales of kings and gods, including the Epic of Gilgamesh, and their fearless trade in distant lands, during the remarkable Bronze Age, centered in the world’s first city-states that chronicled ancient rivalries and their enduring impact. Inside you will read about... ✓ How We Know What We Know About Sumerians ✓ The Bronze Age – Sumer And Its Contemporaries ✓ How Did The Sumerians Become Civilized? ✓ How Long Were They Around ✓ Primer Of Impact Of Sumerian Ancient Civilization On Our World ✓ What Did They Look Like? ✓ What Shaped Their Worldview? And much more! Our journey relies on excavated and historical evidence to explore their productive fascinations with order and man’s place in the universe. Their application of impressive knowledge helps us unfold their mysterious civilization.

Dawn and Sunset

Michael Baizerman
Dawn and Sunset Book PDF

Author : Michael Baizerman
Publisher : Strategic Book Publishing
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2012-11-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781625160904

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Dawn and Sunset by Michael Baizerman Pdf

Dawn and Sunset: Insight into the Mystery of the Early Mesopotamian Civilization is a fascinating and highly readable look at the emergence, blossom, and decline of the Sumerian civilization. Presented as a constellation of pristine urban communities that mushroomed in Southern Mesopotamia throughout the IV and III millennia BCE, the study of Sumerian society is an informative and applicable mode of insight into our own times. From both a geographical and historical context, the study of Sumerian civilization is rife with intriguing questions about language, agriculture, arts & crafts, foreign trade, government, laws, social classes, and warfare.