The Diplomacy Of German Unification

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The Diplomacy of German Unification

Author : Stephen F. Szabo
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Germany
ISBN : 0312121601

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The Diplomacy of German Unification by Stephen F. Szabo Pdf

The unification of Germany was the single most important event in the European year of revolutions. The Diplomacy of Germany Unification tells the story of the international aspects of the creation of united German. Based on interviews with key Soviet, German, and American officials who shaped the final settlement, as well as on extensive journalistic and other secondary sources, this study is the most comprehensive account to date of the diplomatic negotiations over the future political, economic, and security role of the new Germany.

Coercive Diplomacy: Otto Von Bismarck And The Unification Of Germany

Author : Lt.-Col. Kenneth R. Krasner USMC
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2015-11-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9781786250032

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Coercive Diplomacy: Otto Von Bismarck And The Unification Of Germany by Lt.-Col. Kenneth R. Krasner USMC Pdf

Otto von Bismarck, Prussia’s “Iron Chancellor,” was arguably the dominant political figure in Europe during the nineteenth century. With acute political moves, he adroitly manipulated opportunities to achieve European hegemony for Germany and, thus, considerably altered Europe’s political scene and balance of power. As the principal architect of German unification, he utilized subtle diplomacy, the formation of alliances, Prussia’s formidable army, and a series of calculated—albeit limited—wars against his European neighbors to create Germany’s second empire. As the archetypical statesman who espoused the power of the state in the international system, Bismarck recognized that a successful foreign policy and national strategy required the conscious integration of force and diplomacy in order to achieve his overarching goal of German unification. His political leadership thus succeeded because he understood that the use of force was a complement, and not alternative, to diplomacy. This paper examines Bismarck’s manipulation of diplomatic and military instruments of national power to achieve his political goal, concluding that the fusion of force and diplomacy was the essence of Bismarck’s statesmanship.

2 Plus 4 Equals One - Was Diplomacy Vital for Achieving German Reunification?

Author : Florian Heyden
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2007-08-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783638770743

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2 Plus 4 Equals One - Was Diplomacy Vital for Achieving German Reunification? by Florian Heyden Pdf

Essay from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Political Systems - History, grade: Merit (Gut), King s College London (Department of War Studies), 15 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Until not long before the events of 1989, political union between the two German states appeared far off. In fact, in early 1989, articles appeared in the International Herald Tribune proposing the German politicians give up the idea of German reunification1. Yet within little more than a year, Germany had acceded to full political union and sovereignty, without allies or neighbours objecting. We will ask ourselves how this seeming contradiction came to happen and what role diplomacy played in making it possible. To do this, we will separate the course of events in two sections, the first one -less formalised- focusing more on the question if reunification would happen, followed by the second -more formalised- focusing on the terms of reunification. In the third part we will face the question what role the shape of consultations, notably the 2+4 (two German states plus four allied powers), played in the successful outcome of German moves towards reunification.

Mitterrand, the End of the Cold War, and German Unification

Author : Frédéric Bozo
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2009-10
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9781845454272

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Mitterrand, the End of the Cold War, and German Unification by Frédéric Bozo Pdf

This book explores the role of France in the events leading up to the end of the Cold War and German unification. --from publisher description.

German Unification 1989-90

Author : Patrick Salmon,Keith Hamilton,Stephen Robert Twigge
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 589 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2009-09-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135238650

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German Unification 1989-90 by Patrick Salmon,Keith Hamilton,Stephen Robert Twigge Pdf

This volume is comprised of a collection of diplomatic documents covering British reactions to, and policy towards, the collapse of the German Democratic Republic and the unification of Germany in 1989-90. The peaceful unification of Germany in 1989-90 brought a dramatic end to the Cold War. This volume documents official British reactions to the collapse of East Germany and the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the evolution of British policy during the ‘Two plus Four’ negotiations that provided the international framework for the merger of the two German states. All of the documents fall within the UK’s 30-year rule and have therefore not previously been in the public domain. Most are drawn from the archives of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, but there are also a large number of Prime Ministerial files from the Cabinet Office archives. These are of particular interest for the light they throw on the views of Margaret Thatcher. Taken together, the documents show that despite Mrs Thatcher’s well-known reservations about German unity, the United Kingdom played a vital and constructive role in the negotiations that helped to bring it about. This volume will be of great interest to students of International History, British Political History, and European Politics and International Relations in general. Patrick Salmon is Chief Historian at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Keith Hamilton is a Historian at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and Senior Editor of Documents on British Policy Overseas. Stephen Twigge is a Senior Historian at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

Coercive Diplomacy

Author : U.s. Army War College
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2014-10-05
Category : History
ISBN : 1502702673

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Coercive Diplomacy by U.s. Army War College Pdf

Otto von Bismarck, Prussia's “Iron Chancellor,” was arguably the dominant political figure in Europe during the nineteenth century. With acute political moves, he adroitly manipulated opportunities to achieve European hegemony for Germany and, thus, considerably altered Europe's political scene and balance of power. As the principal architect of German unification, he utilized subtle diplomacy, the formation of alliances, Prussia's formidable army, and a series of calculated—albeit limited—wars against his European neighbors to create Germany's second empire. As the archetypical statesman who espoused the power of the state in the international system, Bismarck recognized that a successful foreign policy and national strategy required the conscious integration of force and diplomacy in order to achieve his overarching goal of German unification. His political leadership thus succeeded because he understood that the use of force was a complement, and not alternative, to diplomacy. This book examines Bismarck's manipulation of diplomatic and military instruments of national power to achieve his political goal, concluding that the fusion of force and diplomacy was the essence of Bismarck's statesmanship.

German Reunification

Author : Frédéric Bozo,Andreas Rödder,Mary Elise Sarotte
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2016-08-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317336051

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German Reunification by Frédéric Bozo,Andreas Rödder,Mary Elise Sarotte Pdf

This book provides a multinational history of German reunification based on empirical work by leading scholars. The reunification of Germany in 1989-90 was one of the most unexpected and momentous events of the twentieth century. Embedded within the wider process of the end of the Cold War, it contributed decisively to the dramatic changes that followed: the end of the division of Europe, the collapse of the Warsaw Pact, the origins of NATO’s eastward expansion and, not least, the creation of the European Union. Based on the wealth of evidence that has become available from many countries involved, and relying on the most recent historiography, this collection takes into account the complex interaction of multinational processes that were instrumental in shaping German reunification in the pivotal years 1989-90. The volume brings together renowned international scholars whose recent works, based on their research in multiple languages and sources, have contributed significantly to the history of the end of the Cold War and of German reunification. The resulting volume represents an important contribution to our knowledge and understanding of a significant chapter in recent history. This book will be of much interest to students of German politics, Cold war history, international and multinational history and IR in general.

Not-So-Special Relationship

Author : Luca Ratti
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2017-03-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780748680160

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Not-So-Special Relationship by Luca Ratti Pdf

Examines how German reunification and the end of the Quadripartite Agreement in 1990 impacted the AngloAmerican special relationshipLuca Ratti offers new insights into the role of the Anglo-American aspecial relationship in German reunification, and examines the impact that Germanys reunification had on Anglo-American and transatlantic relations. Germanys unification in October 1990 was one of the most momentous events in modern European history and world politics since the end of World War II. German unity ended the Cold War in Europe, accelerated the collapse of communist regimes across Eastern Europe, and the disintegration of the USSR in 1991. It also triggered NATOs transformation at the London and Rome summits of the Alliance and deepened Europes political and economic integration with the signing of the treaty of Maastricht in 1992. Key FeaturesAnalyses and compares attitudes, reactions and developments in the US and BritainConsiders their interface with the views and initiatives of the West German governmentOffers new insight into an issue central to Anglo-American and transatlantic relationsIncludes interview with key decision makers involved in the negotiations in 198990 such as John Major, James Baker III, Helmut Khol and Hans Dietrich Genscher

Parting Ways

Author : Stephen F. Szabo
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2004-09-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780815796664

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Parting Ways by Stephen F. Szabo Pdf

Germany and the United States entered the post-9/11 era as allies, but they will leave it as partners of convenience—or even possibly as rivals. The first comprehensive examination of the German-American relationship written since the invasion of Iraq, Parting Ways is indispensable for those seeking to chart the future course of the transatlantic alliance. In early 2003, it became apparent that many nations, including close allies of the United States, would not participate in the U.S.-led coalition against Iraq. Despite the high-profile tension between the United States and France, some of the most bitter opposition came from Germany, marking the end not only of the German-American "special relationship," but also of the broader transatlantic relationship's preeminence in Western strategic thought. Drawing on extensive research and personal interviews with decisionmakers and informed observers in both the United States and Germany, Stephen F. Szabo frames the clash between Gerhard Schröder and George W. Bush over U.S. policy in Iraq in the context of the larger changes shaping the relationship between the two countries. Szabo considers such longer-term factors as the decreasing strategic importance of the U.S.-German relationship for each nation in the post-cold war era, the emergence of a new German identity within Germany itself, and a U.S. foreign policy led by what is arguably the most ideological administration of the post-World War II era.

German Unification

Author : P. Caldwell,R. Shandley
Publisher : Springer
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2011-10-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9780230337954

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German Unification by P. Caldwell,R. Shandley Pdf

This wide-ranging collection brings together contributions from historians, political scientists, policymakers, and others to provide much-needed perspective on the unification of Germany as it actually played out in real historical time.

Blood and Iron

Author : Katja Hoyer
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2021-12-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9781643138381

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Blood and Iron by Katja Hoyer Pdf

In this vivid fifty-year history of Germany from 1871-1918—which inspired events that forever changed the European continent—here is the story of the Second Reich from its violent beginnings and rise to power to its calamitous defeat in the First World War. Before 1871, Germany was not yet nation but simply an idea. Its founder, Otto von Bismarck, had a formidable task at hand. How would he bring thirty-nine individual states under the yoke of a single Kaiser? How would he convince proud Prussians, Bavarians, and Rhinelanders to become Germans? Once united, could the young European nation wield enough power to rival the empires of Britain and France—all without destroying itself in the process? In this unique study of five decades that changed the course of modern history, Katja Hoyer tells the story of the German Empire from its violent beginnings to its calamitous defeat in the First World War. This often startling narrative is a dramatic tale of national self-discovery, social upheaval, and realpolitik that ended, as it started, in blood and iron.

Rethinking Germany and Europe

Author : Simon Bulmer,Charlie Jeffery,Stephen Padgett
Publisher : Palgrave MacMillan
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2010-04-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : PSU:000067824908

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Rethinking Germany and Europe by Simon Bulmer,Charlie Jeffery,Stephen Padgett Pdf

This text is about the interface of German democracy with European diplomacy and maps out the shifting terrain in contemporary Europe.

Coercive Diplomacy

Author : Kenneth R. Kassner,Army War College (U.S.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Balance of power
ISBN : OCLC:815732185

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Coercive Diplomacy by Kenneth R. Kassner,Army War College (U.S.) Pdf

Otto von Bismarck, Prussia's "Iron Chancellor," was arguably the dominant political figure in Europe during the nineteenth century. With acute political moves, he adroitly manipulated opportunities to achieve European hegemony for Germany and, thus, considerably altered Europe's political scene and balance of power. As the principal architect of German unification, he utilized subtle diplomacy, the formation of alliances, Prussia's formidable army, and a series of calculated -- albeit limited -- wars against his European neighbors to create Germany's second empire. As the archetypical statesman who espoused the power of the state in the international system, Bismarck recognized that a successful foreign policy and national strategy required the conscious integration of force and diplomacy in order to achieve his overarching goal of German unification. His political leadership thus succeeded because he understood that the use of force was a complement, and not alternative, to diplomacy. This paper examines Bismarck's manipulation of diplomatic and military instruments of national power to achieve his political goal, concluding that the fusion of force and diplomacy was the essence of Bismarck's statesmanship.

The Changing Status of German Reunification in Western Diplomacy, 1955-1966

Author : Charles R. Planck
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2020-02-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9781421434360

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The Changing Status of German Reunification in Western Diplomacy, 1955-1966 by Charles R. Planck Pdf

Originally published in 1967. The Changing Status of German Reunification in Western Diplomacy, 1955-1966 reviews the course of NATO policy on German reunification from the perspective of West German preferences and Bonn's endeavors to have them respected in the diplomatic efforts of the major allies. With its accession to NATO, the West German government under Adenauer continued its policy of rehabilitating the German people in the eyes of the Western political community by playing a willing and sometimes leading role in joint ventures whose purpose was said to transcend the nation-state.

The Formation of the First German Nation-State, 1800–1871

Author : John Breuilly
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1996-11-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781349117192

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The Formation of the First German Nation-State, 1800–1871 by John Breuilly Pdf

Many accounts of German unification focus on war, diplomacy and Bismarck and on the crucial ten years up to 1871. John Breuilly, in addition to paying attention to those issues extends the analysis back to 1800. He also takes into account social, economic and cultural developments, bringing to the reader's attention recent research, much of it in German. In particular, the book argues that one should see unification as just one possible outcome of the German situation, the result of rapid shifts in the relative power of different European states and of underlying changes which made nationality a more vital force in politics.