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Author : Kenneth M. Chomitz,Kanta Kumari
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Chomitz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1405279644
Author : Kenneth M. Chomitz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290704476
The authors critically review the literature on the net domestic (within-country) economic benefits of protecting tropical forests, focusing on hydrological benefits and the production of nontimber forest products. (The review does not consider other important classes of benefits, including global benefits of all kinds, ecological benefits which do not have instrumental economic value, and the existence value of forests.) Their main conclusions: (1)The level of net domestic benefits from forest preservation is highly sensitive to the alternative land use and to local climatic, biological, geological, and economic circumstances. When the alternative use is agroforestry or certain types of tree crops, the preservation of natural forests may yield no instrumental domestic benefits. (2)The hydrological benefits from forest preservation are poorly understood and likely to be highly variable. They may also be fewer than popularly assumed: Deforestation has not been shown to be associated with large-scale flooding. Tropical deforestation is generally associated with higher, not lower, dry season flows. Although it is plausible that deforestation should affect local precipitation, the magnitude and even the direction of the effects are unknown, except in the special case of cloud forests that quot;harvestquot; passing moisture. The link between deforestation and downstream sediment damage is sensitive to the basic topography and geology. Where sediment transport is slow - as in large, low-gradient basins - downstream impacts may manifest themselves in the distant future, so that the net present value of damage is small. Steep basins near reservoirs or marine fisheries, on the other hand, can cause substantial damage if land cover is severely disturbed. But only a few pioneering studies have examined the economics of reservoir sedimentation, and improved models of both sediment transport and dam function are needed. (3) The most impressive point estimates of forest value based on nontimber forest products are often based on atypical cases of faulty analysis. Where domesticated or synthetic substitutes exist, the nontimber forest product-related rents for natural forests will usually be driven toward zero.
Author : Kenneth Chomitz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1002907346
May 1996 The authors critically review the literature on the net domestic (within-country) economic benefits of protecting tropical forests, focusing on hydrological benefits and the production of nontimber forest products. (The review does not consider other important classes of benefits, including global benefits of all kinds, ecological benefits which do not have instrumental economic value, and the existence value of forests.) Their main conclusions: (1)The level of net domestic benefits from forest preservation is highly sensitive to the alternative land use and to local climatic, biological, geological, and economic circumstances. When the alternative use is agroforestry or certain types of tree crops, the preservation of natural forests may yield no instrumental domestic benefits. (2)The hydrological benefits from forest preservation are poorly understood and likely to be highly variable. They may also be fewer than popularly assumed: Deforestation has not been shown to be associated with large-scale flooding. Tropical deforestation is generally associated with higher, not lower, dry season flows. Although it is plausible that deforestation should affect local precipitation, the magnitude and even the direction of the effects are unknown, except in the special case of cloud forests that harvest passing moisture. The link between deforestation and downstream sediment damage is sensitive to the basic topography and geology. Where sediment transport is slow - as in large, low-gradient basins - downstream impacts may manifest themselves in the distant future, so that the net present value of damage is small. Steep basins near reservoirs or marine fisheries, on the other hand, can cause substantial damage if land cover is severely disturbed. But only a few pioneering studies have examined the economics of reservoir sedimentation, and improved models of both sediment transport and dam function are needed. (3) The most impressive point estimates of forest value based on nontimber forest products are often based on atypical cases of faulty analysis. Where domesticated or synthetic substitutes exist, the nontimber forest product-related rents for natural forests will usually be driven toward zero.
Author : Lykke E. Andersen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2002-12-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 052181197X
A multi-disciplinary team of authors analyze the economics of Brazilian deforestation using a large data set of ecological and economic variables. They survey the most up to date work in this field and present their own dynamic and spatial econometric analysis based on municipality level panel data spanning the entire Brazilian Amazon from 1970 to 1996. By observing the dynamics of land use change over such a long period the team is able to provide quantitative estimates of the long-run economic costs and benefits of both land clearing and government policies such as road building. The authors find that some government policies, such as road paving in already highly settled areas, are beneficial both for economic development and for the preservation of forest, while other policies, such as the construction of unpaved roads through virgin areas, stimulate wasteful land uses to the detriment of both economic growth and forest cover.
Author : Florencia Montagnini,Carl F. Jordan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2005-12-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783540272441
Research in tropical forestry is confronted with the task of finding strategies to alleviate pressure on remaining forests, and techniques to enhance forest regeneration and restore abandoned lands, using productive alternatives that can be attractive to local human populations. In addition, sustainable forestry in tropical countries must be supported by adequate policies to promote and maintain specific activities at local and regional scales. Here, a multi-disciplinary approach is presented, to better the understanding of tropical forest ecology, as a necessary step in developing adequate strategies for conservation and management. The authors have long experience in both academic and practical matters related to tropical forest ecology and management.
Author : M. Smouts
Publisher : Springer
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2003-05-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781403981851
Marie-Claude Smouts looks at the issue of rain forest depletion and global environmental policies. Beginning with how the issue entered the world stage in the 1980s despite alarms over the issue in the 1950s, Tropical Forests, International Jungle explores the complexities of what are tropical forests, what role they play not only in environmentalism but in trade, health care, and almost every facet of natural and social life for those living there and beyond. Although for most in the developed world tropical forests have gained a status of part of our world heritage, these forests are not really part of the global commons or a global public good. Developing nations maintain control over the forests within their borders and often use the forests as they see fit. The international system for mediating the issue is a fractured group of non-governmental organizations and transnational networks, often with competing views of how to manage tropical forests. Despite this seemingly grim picture, Smouts is optimistic. A changing world view toward forest depletion is influencing countries both North and South. Although forests will be used commercially, it is a dynamic process that should maintain them far into the future.
Author : Joshua Bishop,Stefano Pagiola
Publisher : Earthscan
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781849772501
The risks posed by forest destruction throughout the world are highly significant for all. Not only are forests a critical source of timber and non-timber forest products, but they provide environmental services that are the basis of life on Earth. However, only rarely do beneficiaries pay for the goods and services they experience, and there are severe consequences as a result for the poor and for the forests themselves. It has proved difficult to translate the theory of market-based approaches into practice. Based on extensive research and case studies of biodiversity conservation, watershed protected and carbon sequestration, this book demonstrates how payment systems can be established in practice, their effectiveness and their implications for the poor.
Author : Michael Pacione
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 668 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2002-03-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781134672660
Applied Geography offers an invaluable introduction to useful research in physical, environmental and human geography and provides a new focus and reference point for investigating and understanding problem-orientated research. Forty-nine leading experts in the field introduce and explore research which crosses the traditional boundary between physical and human geography. A wide range of key issues and contemporary debates are within the books main sections, which cover: natural and environmental hazards environmental change and management challenges of the human environment techniques of spatial analysis Applied geography is the application of geographic knowledge and skills to identify the nature and causes of social, economic and environmental problems and inform policies which lead to their resolution.
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2008-04-25
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0821371649
The 'Forests Sourcebook' provides practical operations-oriented guidance for forest sector engagement toward the goals of poverty reduction, conservation and economic development. Intended to guide World Bank lending activities and projects, the 'Forests Sourcebook' offers information useful to a broad audience of practitioners, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations. The 'Sourcebook was developed in partnership with members of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests, including the Food and Agriculture Organization. The 'Sourcebook' provides background on key issues, lessons learned, and recommendations for practitioners on a number of topics including private sector engagement, forest governance, sustainable plantation and commercial harvesting, and forest information management systems. Giving insight into the complex interplay between different realms of development work that effect or are affected by forests, the 'Forests Sourcebook' is a valuable tool for any stakeholder involved in development or business projects that could have impact on forests.
Author : Mariano Torras
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2019-10-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351873314
This book breaks new ground by accounting for the welfare implications of both severe inequality and environmental degradation and developing a sustainable development indicator that incorporates changes over time in each of these dimensions. The model is applied to data from Brazil spanning the 1965 -1998 period. The book's findings cast significant doubt on the proposition that rapid economic growth in Brazil has resulted in comparable welfare gains. The evidence presented more generally illustrates the often unsustainable nature of rapid GDP growth phases, as well as the general unreliability of GDP growth as an indicator of well-being improvement. The specific policy implication is that Brazil should discontinue - or at least severely curtail - the regressive and resource intensive economic policies it has followed in recent decades in the interest of welfare improvement not only for the poorer groups in society, but for future generations of Brazilians as well.
Author : Cherian Samuel
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Timothy Forsyth
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2004-11-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781134665808
Critical Political Ecology brings political debate to the science of ecology. As political controversies multiply over the science underlying environmental debates, there is an increasing need to understand the relationship between environmental science and politics. In this timely and wide-ranging volume, Tim Forsyth uses an innovative approach to apply political analysis to ecology, and demonstrates how more politicised approaches to science can be used in environmental decision-making. Critical Political Ecology examines: *how social and political factors frame environmental science, and how science in turn shapes politics *how new thinking in philosophy and sociology of science can provide fresh insights into the biophysical causes and impacts of environmental problems *how policy and decision-makers can acknowledge the political influences on science and achieve more effective public participation and governance.
Author : Alex Anas,Kyu Sik Lee
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
May 1996 The authors present simulation results on the benefits of alternative power tariffs for Nigeria and Indonesia, based on several closely related models of the firm. Nigeria is representative of developing countries where the public sector is inefficient and manufacturers provide their own electricity to compensate for that inefficiency. The use of private generators by Nigerian manufacturers is virtually ubiquitous, even though the government, to protect its monopoly, did not encourage that use in the 1980s. About 89 percent of a sample of Nigerian firms produced some of their power needs internally. But many large firms underused their power plants because of the substantial quantity discounts public power offered to large manufacturers. By contrast, in Indonesia, manufacturers were offered only slight quantity discounts for public power. Indonesia has encouraged manufacturers to produce their own power. About 61 percent of Indonesian manufacturers produced some power internally. Generally, in both countries firms purchase some power from the public sector at a quantity discount (slight in Indonesia, considerable in Nigeria) and also produce power internally at a declining marginal cost. The reliability of public power declines as the total quantity purchased increases, because transmission gets congested. Simulations confirm that an increasing block tariff is optimal in each country and produces savings in the cost of producing public power and in firms' operating costs (including the firm's cost of producing power internally). Under increasing block tariffs, firms that purchase more public power would be charged higher marginal prices than firms that purchase less. Large firms respond to the increasing block tariff by expanding their generating capacity and reducing their reliance on public power, while smaller firms contract their capacities and buy more from the public sector. When congestion in transmission persists, cost savings are higher as the increasing block tariff reduces total use of public power which in turn improves reliability. In Nigeria, where strong quantity discounts are offered, total costs savings (for NEPA and manufacturers) under 1989 conditions are about 4 percent without congestion and increase to 9 percent when there is some congestion. In Indonesia, where quantity discounts are mild, increasing the block tariff produces only slight cost savings.
Author : Michael J. Spilsbury,Nina Haase
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 89 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2005-01-01
Category : Forests and forestry
ISBN : 9789793361895