The Economic Of Afforestation

Author : Dennis Anderson
Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015017731194

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The Economics of Afforestation by Dennis Anderson Pdf

In large areas of developing countries the loss of trees is causing erosion and degradation of the soil, posing severe problems for economic development. By translating the ecological benefits of afforestation into economic terms, the author demonstrates how investments that benefit the environment often benefit the economy as well. Both the traditional work of the forestry services and tree plantings by farmers are needed, says the author, if deforestation is to be halted and reversed. With special refrence to Africa, he discusses the underlying reasons for deforestation, suggests policy changes to promote the planting and care of trees, and identifies issues for social and scientific research. A case study of the arid zone of northern Nigeria illustrates the benefits that could be brought about by establishing windbreaks and encouraging farmers to plant trees. Besides preventing soil erosion, improving soil fertility, and thus increasing crop prodution, trees provide fruit, livestock fodder, and much-needed fuelwood and building materials. The author compares the increase in farm incomes as a result of an afforestation program with the decrease in incomes if deforestation and soil erosion were to continue. The analysis will be of special interest to those concerned with agriculture, forestry, rural development, and environmental issues in developing countries.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:916218593

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The economic of afforestation by Anonim Pdf

Author : Brian Peter,Bryan Edward Cooper Bogdanski
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Forest management
ISBN : MINN:31951D031016572

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The Economics of Salvage Harvesting and Reforestation in British Columbia's Mountain Pine Beetle-affected Forests by Brian Peter,Bryan Edward Cooper Bogdanski Pdf

In stands with significant mountain pine beetle (MPB) mortality, forest managers face a range of choices including clearcut harvesting, partial cutting, various rehabilitation strategies, and non-intervention. These choices involve many long-term costs, benefits, and risks, some of which can be assessed through economic analysis. After reviewing the context for this issue, the authors provided case studies that span the more likely stand-level problems faced by decision makers. All analyses were conducted from the perspective of the landowner (i.e., government) rather than the user of the resource (i.e., licensee). The insights from the case studies form a basis to answer the following core questions: Are some stand types better left unsalvaged? What economic/silvicultural assumptions produce higher stand values when salvaging is foregone? In areas that cannot be salvaged, is reforestation a profitable investment? Finally, does partial cutting make sense economically?--Document.

Author : International Institute for Environment & Development
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 19 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1991-12-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1843691388

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Afforestation and the Greenhouse Effect by International Institute for Environment & Development Pdf

Author : J. Luis Guasch,Pablo Tomas Spiller
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0821347594

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Managing the Regulatory Process by J. Luis Guasch,Pablo Tomas Spiller Pdf

'...developing countries, complementing their far-reaching privatization programs, are engaged in deregulating various sectors of their economies and devising new regulatory frameworks for others, particularly the utilities sectors.' As economies become more open, pressures on countries to become more competitive drive the call for regulatory reform to reduce costs and foster increased productivity, competitiveness, and growth. This report provides an overview of the costs and benefits of regulation throughout the world. It provides case histories of regulation in different countries, developed and developing and in various sectors, such as, transportation, utilities, and power. It presents different strategies that were employed. Furthermore, it identifies lessons learned and lays the foundations for a best practice scenario for other countries to adopt. While the challenges to regulatory reform are considerable, so are the efforts that developing countries are making to face them. These lessons, when properly adapted to each country's own environment, can significantly increase the likelihood of effective regulation.

Author : Gudmundur Halldorsson
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789289317184

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AFFORNORD by Gudmundur Halldorsson Pdf

Author : Erhun Kula
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401160780

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The Economics of Forestry by Erhun Kula Pdf

The economics of forestry has always fascinated me as one of the most brain-taxing cases in economics. As an investment forestry is different from many other projects as it has unusually long gestation periods. For example, in the United Kingdom it takes over 40 years to grow coniferous and over 100 years for deciduous timber. These long gestation periods make it very clear how import ant are the magnitude of the discount rate and the method of discounting in the evaluation of investment projects. Any errors in these will misguide investors in forestry one way or the other. In addition, forestry redistributes income between gener ations. Its long gestation periods make it obvious that more than one generation will be involved in any venture. When we plant trees we know that the bulk of the benefits will be captured by future generations. Conversely, when we fell trees we reap the benefit of projects which were established in the past, mostly by generations who are long gone. So far most economists have devoted their time and energy to analysing income distribution in an intragenerational context, and this is a very sensitive and controversial issue. After all, most revolutions have taken place because of the uneven income distribution which was oppressive for the majority. Forestry helps us to study the case from the viewpoint of different generations. Forestry necessitates estimating timber prices a long time ahead.

Author : John I. Cameron,Ian Penna
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Afforestation
ISBN : 0858020831

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The Wood and the Trees by John I. Cameron,Ian Penna Pdf

Author : Arild Angelsen
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Common Property Resource Development
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Forest Cover Change in Space and Time by Arild Angelsen Pdf

This paper presents a framework for analyzing tropical deforestation and reforestation using the von Thunen model as its starting point: land is allocated to the use which yields the highest rent, and the rents of various land uses are determined by location. Forest cover change therefore becomes a question of changes in rent of forest versus non-forest use. While this is a simple and powerful starting point, more intriguing issues arise when this is applied to analyze real cases. An initial shift in the rent of one particular land use generates feedbacks which affect the rent of all land uses. For example, a new technology in extensive agriculture should make this land use more profitable and lead to more forest clearing, but general equilibrium effects (changes in prices and local wages) can modify or even reverse this conclusion. Another issue is how a policy change or a shift in broader market, technological, and institutional forces will affect various land use rents. The paper deals with three such areas: technological progress in agriculture, land tenure regimes, and community forest management. The second part of the paper links the von Thunen framework to the forest transition theory. The forest transition theory describes a sequence over time where a forested region goes through a period of deforestation before the forest cover eventually stabilizes and starts to increase. This sequence can be seen as a systematic pattern of change in the agricultural and forest land rents over time. Increasing agricultural rent leads to high rates of deforestation. The slow-down of deforestation and eventual reforestation is due to lower agricultural rents (the economic development path) and higher forest rent (the forest scarcity path). Various forces leading to these changes are discussed and supported by empirical evidence from different tropical regions.

Author : Stephen Robert Harrison,J. L. Herbohn
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2001-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 1782543848

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Sustainable Farm Forestry in the Tropics by Stephen Robert Harrison,J. L. Herbohn Pdf

'The text is valuable in that it describes tropical small-scale farm forestry and the complex interrelationships between social, economic, and biological issues quite well . . . For readers interested in tropical forestry in a developed nation, the book is a detailed and excellent source of information.' - Matthew Pelkki, Natural Resources Journal There has been an increased awareness of the need to establish and maintain small-scale forestry in tropical countries. This is due to concerns over continued deforestation, as well as the long-term environmental and economic resources these plantations can contribute if managed successfully. This book examines the constraints that limit the development of small-scale forestry in tropical environments and how they can be overcome.

Author : G. Singh,Bilas Singh,U.K. Tomar,Shruti Sharma
Publisher : Scientific Publishers - AFARI
Page : 642 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2017-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789387869479

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A Manual for Dryland Afforestation and Management by G. Singh,Bilas Singh,U.K. Tomar,Shruti Sharma Pdf

Community-oriented conservation of natural resources and promotion and protection of trees in drylands are examples to deal with climatic adversities. This book provides knowledge on climatic, ecological, social and economic condition of dry areas and lay out approaches and strategies to restore degraded lands. There are 15 chapters and first five deals with physiography of Rajasthan, drylands ecology, problems of land degradation, its economic evaluation and the approaches and strategies of restoration and rehabilitation. Next two chapters describe the problems of sand drift, salinity, water logging and effluent inflicted areas and strategies to control them. Chapters 8-10 deal with seed production, quality planting materials, genetic improvement, propagation and planting techniques. Chapters 11-12 describe methods of rain water harvesting and irrigation, and resources conservation for seed sowing and favouring regeneration and successions. Effective management of pests/diseases in nurseries and plantation, growth and yield prediction equations and models, and people's perception and participation in managing forest resources have been described in last 3 chapters. Purpose of this publication is to strengthen the forest functionaries and readers with wide ranging knowledge on land degradation, desertification and eco-biology of drylands; and methods to restore and rehabilitate degrading forest (lands) to increase forest cover, enhance resilience and people livelihoods and improve environmental conditions. Academician, researchers, forest managers, non-government organizations, extension agents and environmentalists can use it in developing, conserving and managing drylands ecosystems for its long lasting beneficial effects. This book is also useful to policy makers in effective planning of restoring, protecting and conserving dryland's ecological and socioeconomic services.

Author : Alexander Smith Mather
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Nature
ISBN : UOM:39015029179549

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Afforestation by Alexander Smith Mather Pdf

Author : Uwe Deichmann,Fan Zhang,World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 427 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821397916

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Growing Green by Uwe Deichmann,Fan Zhang,World Bank Pdf

The causes of global warming and its consequences are clear, and the economic impacts of climate change are apparent. Climate change threatens development gains. Extreme weather events have brought severe droughts to Central Asia, heat waves and forest fires to the Russian Federation, and floods to Southeastern Europe. Unchecked emissions will result in rising economic costs and increasing risks to individuals. There is a clear case for all of the world's economies to move to a low-carbon growth path. Yet climate action has been inadequate, especially in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. With prospects of a global climate agreement uncertain, Growing Green: The Economic Benefits of Climate Action identifies the actions that governments in the region can take to reduce the carbon footprints of their economies. Many of these actions will more than pay for themselves, and quickly-especially when indirect benefits such as better health and increased competitiveness are considered. To realize these benefits, policy makers in ECA need to move quickly on three sets of priorities: use energy much more efficiently; gradually move to cleaner energy sources; and increase carbon capture in soils and forests. These actions will require transformations in power generation, industrial production, mobility, city living, and farming and forestry. Policy makers are justifiably worried that climate action may jeopardize economic performance and strain the budgets of poorer families. Growing Green: The Economic Benefits of Climate Action shows how well-designed growth and social policies can make climate action growth-enhancing while protecting the living standards of less well-off households. The ECA region has been a bystander on climate action, and sluggish in realizing the benefits of the economic and technological innovations available to combat climate change. Growing Green: The Economic Benefits of Climate Action aims to help ECA become a leader in confronting this challenge. In doing so, it shows how countries in the region can make climate action-along with economic growth and social inclusion-the third pillar of their development strategies. Growing Green: The Economic Benefits of Climate Action is a part of a series of three regional reports that includes Balancing Act: Cutting Energy Subsidies While Protecting Affordability and Energy Efficiency: Lessons Learned from Success Stories. These reports will be of interest to policy makers, government officials in finance and line ministries, nongovernmental organizations, and development practitioners.

Author : Van Kooten, G. C. (Gerrit C.),Kremar Emina,Sustainable Forest Management Network
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Afforestation
ISBN : 1552611205

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Climate Change, Canadian Policy and Terrestrial Ecosystems : Economic Considerations : SFM Network Project : Economic, Biodiversity and Carbon Uptake Tradeoffs in Forest Management : an Application of Fuzzy Methods to Vague Concepts and Imprecised Data by Van Kooten, G. C. (Gerrit C.),Kremar Emina,Sustainable Forest Management Network Pdf

Author : J. Peter Clinch
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : Afforestation
ISBN : 1902696034

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Economics of Irish Forestry by J. Peter Clinch Pdf