The Effects Of Deregulation On U S Air Networks

Author : Aisling J. Reynolds-Feighan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 143 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642770616

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The Effects of Deregulation on U.S. Air Networks by Aisling J. Reynolds-Feighan Pdf

1. 1 A Brief History of U. S. Commercial Aviation Regulation and Deregulation The U. S. commercial aviation industry was regulated by the government for a period of 40 years, beginning in 1938 with. the passing of the Federal Aviation Act, and ending in October 1978 when President Carter signed into law the Airline Deregulation Act (ADA). There were 16 airlines in existence when the Federal Aviation Act was passed in 1938 (the so-called 'trunk lines'). The Act established the Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA) as the industry's regulatory body. The Act was passed principally because it was felt that the free market, if allowed to continue unregulated for much longer, would put many of these firms into bankruptcy. It is possible therefore to view the CAA of 1938 (re-organized into the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) in 1940) as a response to a potential market failure at the time. In the 1930s, few air traffic markets could have efficiently"supported more than one airline operating in the market [Panzar (1980)]. Competition among the carriers was cut-throat, and it was felt that the near bankruptcy of the airlines in the period was caused principally by the competitive bidding system used by the Post Office in allotting airmail subsidies [Keeler (1972), Caves (1962)].

Author : Barbara Bilyk
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2009-11-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783640463923

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Effects of Deregulation in the Aviation Industry by Barbara Bilyk Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - Environmental Policy, grade: Distinction, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, course: Aviation Regulation, Environment and Operation , language: English, abstract: Starting in the USA where deregulation of air transportation began in the late seventies, this trend was observable throughout Europe in the eighties and Australia at the beginning of the nineties. The major arguments for liberalisation were in general a reduction of capacity constraints and a simplified market access (Himpel & Lipp 2006, p.26). Constitutional for these ideas is the theory of contestable markets which assumes the efficiency of competition with a free market entry and market exit. Therefore deregulation processes aim at providing a better, safer and more efficient industry. However, Geoffrey Thomas (2008) among others points out that in reality the liberalisation of air transportation has caused predominantly negative outcomes which is why there should be a return to some degree of regulation. Based on Thomas’ train of thoughts, this research paper is aimed at critically evaluating the effects of liberalisation both on the aviation industry and on the consumer. The paper is therefore structured as follows: after revealing the limitations of the evaluation, positive effects of liberalisation in Europe, the United States and Australia are outlined which are then opposed to negative effects. Based on these findings, a conclusion is finally drawn.

Author : George Williams
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2017-03-02
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9781351895125

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The Airline Industry and the Impact of Deregulation by George Williams Pdf

In the fast-changing theatre of air transportation, the strategic development of airlines and the operating economics of scheduled airline services have been transformed, following the profound impact of US deregulation. The lessons gleaned from the US experience, including effective ways of constraining rivals, have quickly been adopted by carriers facing the opening up to competition of their own local markets. In addition, in response to the hunt by the successful US survivors for further international traffic, carriers have been forced to emulate certain tactics adopted by these megacarriers, virtually irrespective of their own government’s regulatory stance. The economics of the sector, particularly with regard to revenue generation, has resulted in increased market concentration. In the longer term, prospects for competition remain unclear, given the likely existence of only a small number of similarly endowed, globally alligned megacarriers. This book explores the impact of deregulation policies on key areas of the airline industry, analyzes the response of incumbent carriers to economic freedom and examines whether or not it is possible to devise a pro-competitive regulatory strategy for this sector. The author provides the reader with a clear explanation as to: ¢ why airline deregulation policies have produced a number of unanticipated outcomes; ¢ why low-cost new entrants have been unable to survive under deregulation; ¢ why the impact of airline deregulation has differed between the USA and Western Europe. Using this analysis as a basis, he explores the future development of the sector, indicating the likely future trends towards globalization. He also argues that a competitive marketplace is not a guaranteed outcome of full deregulation and suggests an alternative approach. The book is of special interest to those members engaged in the airline industry, regulatory authorities and government departments of transport and industry. It wil

Author : Steven Morrison,Clifford Winston
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2010-12-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0815708068

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The Economic Effects of Airline Deregulation by Steven Morrison,Clifford Winston Pdf

In 1938 the U.S. Government took under its wing an infant airline industry. Government agencies assumed responsibility not only for airline safety but for setting fares and determining how individual markets would be served. Forty years later, the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 set in motion the economic deregulation of the industry and opened it to market competition. This study by Steven Morrison and Clifford Winston analyzes the effects of deregulation on both travelers and the airline industry. The authors find that lower fares and better service have netted travelers some $6 billion in annual benefits, while airline earnings have increased by $2.5 billion a year. Morrison and Winston expect still greater benefits once the industry has had time to adjust its capital structure to the unregulated marketplace, and they recommend specific public polices to ensure healthy competition.

Author : Frank Giarratani,Geoffrey J. D. Hewings,Philip McCann
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 513 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2013-12-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781782549000

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Handbook of Industry Studies and Economic Geography by Frank Giarratani,Geoffrey J. D. Hewings,Philip McCann Pdf

This unique Handbook examines the impacts on, and responses to, economic geography explicitly from the perspective of the behaviour, mechanics, systems and experiences of different firms in various types of industries. The industry studies approach all

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : PSU:000044863395

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The Airline Mergers and Their Effect on American Consumers by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection Pdf

Author : Guillaume Burghouwt
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317183006

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Airline Network Development in Europe and its Implications for Airport Planning by Guillaume Burghouwt Pdf

The ongoing deregulation and liberalization of worldwide air transport markets confronts airport planners with an increasingly problematic context. On the one hand, the capital intensive, large-scale and complex airport investments need a detailed, long/medium-term planning of airport infrastructure. Such planning requires at least predictable traffic volumes (and traffic composition) within the planning horizon. On the other hand, airline route networks are increasingly dynamic structures that frequently show discontinuous changes. As a consequence, the much more volatile airport traffic restricts the value of detailed traffic forecasts. Volatility of airport traffic and its composition requires flexibility of airport strategies and planning processes. The book explores this dilemma through a detailed study of airline network development, airport connectivity and airport planning in the deregulated EU air transport market. The questions the book seeks to answer are: · how have airlines responded to the regime changes in EU aviation with respect to the configuration of their route networks? · what has been the impact of the reconfiguration of airline network configurations for the connectivity of EU airports? · how can airport planners and airport authorities deal with the increasingly uncertain airline network behaviour in Europe?

Author : Stephen Ison
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351559621

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Low Cost Carriers by Stephen Ison Pdf

Low cost carriers (LCCs) represent one of the most exciting and dynamic yet often contentious developments in recent commercial aviation history. Formed as a direct result of policies of airline deregulation and liberalisation that were initiated in the United States in the late 1970s before being implemented in certain European, Australasian, Latin American and other world markets from the mid-1990s onwards to encourage competition, LCCs have been responsible for progressively reconfiguring the spatial patterns, operational practices and passenger experiences of flight. In the process, they have enabled growing numbers of people to fly to more places, more frequently, and at lower cost than had been previously possible. In so doing, however, they have generated a number of socio-economic and environmental challenges. The 23 essays included in this volume provide a detailed insight into the emergence, expansion and evolution of the low cost carrier sector worldwide. The volume covers deregulation and liberalisation of the global airline sector, the business models and operating characteristics of low cost carriers, the changing nature of the airline/airport relationship, LCC network characteristics, issues of pricing and competition and the current impacts and likely future trajectories.

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Airlines
ISBN : PSU:000045434723

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Airline Competition in the Wake of the Proposed US Airways/United Merger by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition Pdf

Author : Stuart Nagel
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 985 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2020-08-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000105063

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Encyclopedia of Policy Studies, Second Edition, by Stuart Nagel Pdf

"This entirely updated and enlarged Second Edition of a landmark reference/text continues to provide comprehensive coverage of every important aspect of policy studies--discussing concepts, methods, utilization, formation, and implementation both internationally and across each level of government."

Author : Sam Peltzman,Clifford Winston
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2011-04-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780815713418

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Deregulation of Network Industries by Sam Peltzman,Clifford Winston Pdf

Although the airline, railroad, telecommunications, and electric power industries are at very different stages in adjusting to regulatory reform, each industry faces the same critical public policy question: Are policymakers taking appropriate steps to stimulate competition or are they turning back the clock by slowing the process of deregulation? This volume addresses that issue and identifies the next steps that policymakers should take to enhance public welfare in the provision of these services. Each chapter identifies the central policy issues that have arisen in each industry as it undergoes transformation to a deregulated environment. The authors reveal the flaws in the residual regulations and make the case for faster and more comprehensive deregulation. A concluding chapter identifies how interest groups continue to exert influence on regulatory agencies and on Congress, potentially undermining deregulation. The papers included here were initially presented in December 1999 at a conference sponsored and organized by the AEI–Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies.

Author : Kenneth John Button,Roger Stough
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2000-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1781008035

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Air Transport Networks by Kenneth John Button,Roger Stough Pdf

An economic analysis of the way in which the air transport industry operates and the nature of the policies that have been adopted to regulate the sector. The authors cover domestic and international air transportation with an emphasis on airlines.

Author : Tan C. Miller,Terry L. Friesz,Roger L. Tobin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662032800

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Equilibrium Facility Location on Networks by Tan C. Miller,Terry L. Friesz,Roger L. Tobin Pdf

This is a book about the simultaneous location, production and distri bution decisions of a firm entering a competitive market whose spatial nature is describable by a network in which the market either achieves an equilibrium or is equilibrium tending. As such, the problem is of clear theoretical and practical importance, for it is a rather general version of the problem faced by real firms every day in deciding where to locate. Further, the timeliness of this subject manifests itself in the growing excitement and interest found both in the research/academic communities and in the practitioner/private industry communities for more comprehensive approaches to competitive facility location analy sis and equilibrium modeling of networks. The desire both for new conceptual approaches yielding enhanced insights and for practical methodologies to capture these insights drives this interest. While nor mative, deterministic facility location modeling techniques currently provide valuable input into the location decision-making process, re searchers and practitioners alike have realized the vast and relatively untapped potential of more advanced location decision making tech niques. In this book, we develop what we believe represents a major new line of research in the field of competitive facility location analysis; namely, equilibrium facility location modeling. In particular, this book offers a number of innovations in the mathe matical analysis and computation of solutions to location models which we have pioneered and which are collected under a single cover for the first time.

Author : Gary L. Gaile,Cort J. Willmott
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 854 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0199295867

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Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century by Gary L. Gaile,Cort J. Willmott Pdf

Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century surveys American geographers' current research in their specialty areas and tracks trends and innovations in the many subfields of geography. As such, it is both a 'state of the discipline' assessment and a topical reference. It includes an introduction by the editors and 47 chapters, each on a specific specialty. The authors of each chapter were chosen by their specialty group of the American Association of Geographers (AAG). Based on a process of review and revision, the chapters in this volume have become truly representative of the recent scholarship of American geographers. While it focuses on work since 1990, it additionally includes related prior work and work by non-American geographers. The initial Geography in America was published in 1989 and has become a benchmark reference of American geographical research during the 1980s. This latest volume is completely new and features a preface written by the eminent geographer, Gilbert White.

Author : Sarah Paterson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-23
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780192604200

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Corporate Reorganization Law and Forces of Change by Sarah Paterson Pdf

Corporate Reorganisation Law argues that corporate reorganisation law is seen by market participants as a tool they can mobilise and adapt according to practices, logics, and identities in the of the financial and non-financial corporate markets. Thus changes in market practice, in the participants in the process, or in how the participants view their objectives, can significantly change the ways in which corporate reorganisation law is mobilised and adapted, even if the law has not undergone any reform. This book argues that corporate reorganisation law cannot be evaluated using a theoretical model in isolation from the wider institutional context in which corporate reorganisation law is mobilised and adapted by the participants to the process. In establishing the new methodology, the book undertakes a detailed analysis of six key changes in market practice, logic and identities in the financial and non-financial corporate fields. A comparative US/UK approach is adopted in analysing both the process of institutional change and the implications for law. This provides a fascinating lens through which to see how different institutional environments in the financial and non-financial markets in different jurisdictions are drawing together, and interacting with very different legal systems which were adapted to the distinct, original institutional environments in which they were developed. From this analysis important lessons for legal harmonisation efforts in Europe and in non-European jurisdictions are drawn out. The work emphasises the need to look at formal legal rules in combination with other, non-legal and legal institutions and argues that current reform debates in both the US and UK have suffered because scholars, practitioners, and policy makers have not started their evaluation of the case for reform by placing corporate reorganisation law in this wider institutional context. The book aims to fill this gap, and to provide a methodological approach for the future.