The Efficiency Of Government Expenditure

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The Efficiency of Government Expenditure

Ms.Keiko Honjo,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Marijn Verhoeven
The Efficiency of Government Expenditure Book PDF

Author : Ms.Keiko Honjo,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Marijn Verhoeven
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 61 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1997-11-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451922400

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The Efficiency of Government Expenditure by Ms.Keiko Honjo,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Marijn Verhoeven Pdf

This paper assesses the efficiency of government expenditure on education and health in 38 countries in Africa in 1984-95, both in relation to each other and compared with countries in Asia and the Western Hemisphere. The results show that, on average, countries in Africa are less efficient than countries in Asia and the Western Hemisphere; however, education and health spending in Africa became more efficient during that period. The assessment further suggests that improvements in educational attainment and health output in African countries require more than just higher budgetary allocations.

Efficiency of Public Spending in Developing Countries

Santiago Herrera,Gaobo Pang
Efficiency of Public Spending in Developing Countries Book PDF

Author : Santiago Herrera,Gaobo Pang
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 69 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Children
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Efficiency of Public Spending in Developing Countries by Santiago Herrera,Gaobo Pang Pdf

Abstract: Government spending in developing countries typically account for between 15 and 30 percent of GDP. Hence, small changes in the efficiency of public spending could have a major impact on GDP and on the attainment of the government ' s objectives. The first challenge that stakeholders face is measuring efficiency. This paper attempts such quantification and has two major parts. The first part estimates efficiency as the distance between observed input-output combinations and an efficiency frontier (defined as the maximum attainable output for a given level of inputs). This frontier is estimated for several health and education output indicators by means of the Free Disposable Hull (FDH) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) techniques. Both input-inefficiency (excess input consumption to achieve a level of output) and output-inefficiency (output shortfall for a given level of inputs) are scored in a sample of 140 countries using data from 1996 to 2002. The second part of the paper seeks to verify empirical regularities of the cross-country variation in efficiency. Results show that countries with higher expenditure levels register lower efficiency scores, as well as countries where the wage bill is a larger share of the government ' s budget. Similarly, countries with higher ratios of public to private financing of the service provision score lower efficiency, as do countries plagued by the HIV/AIDS epidemic and those with higher income inequality. Countries with higher aid-dependency ratios also tend to score lower in efficiency, probably due to the volatility of this type of funding that impedes medium term planning and budgeting. Though no causality may be inferred from this exercise, it points at different factors to understand why some countries might need more resources than others to achieve similar educational and health outcomes.

The Efficiency of Government Expenditure

Sanjeev Gupta
The Efficiency of Government Expenditure Book PDF

Author : Sanjeev Gupta
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1291214437

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The Efficiency of Government Expenditure by Sanjeev Gupta Pdf

This paper assesses the efficiency of government expenditure on education and health in 38 countries in Africa in 1984-95, both in relation to each other and compared with countries in Asia and the Western Hemisphere. The results show that, on average, countries in Africa are less efficient than countries in Asia and the Western Hemisphere; however, education and health spending in Africa became more efficient during that period. The assessment further suggests that improvements in educational attainment and health output in African countries require more than just higher budgetary allocations.

Measuring Government in the Twenty-First Century

Livio Di Matteo,Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.)
Measuring Government in the Twenty First Century Book PDF

Author : Livio Di Matteo,Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Canada
ISBN : 0889752745

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Measuring Government in the Twenty-First Century by Livio Di Matteo,Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.) Pdf

Government is the single most pervasive institution of modern life, with all facets affected by public sector activities. Over the last 100 years, government spending around the world has grown in terms of both spending percapita and share of national output. During the twentieth century, the relative size of government grew steadily, with surges during the two world wars. Figure 1.1 shows general government expenditure as a share of national output for the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom from 1948 to 2011. In 1870, government spending to GDP ratios in these countries were well below 10 percent (Tanzi, 2011: 8), but those ratios had more than tripled by the end of the twentieth century and have continued to grow in the first decade of the twenty-first century.

Efficiency and Equity in Social Spending

Nancy Birdsall,Estelle James
Efficiency and Equity in Social Spending Book PDF

Author : Nancy Birdsall,Estelle James
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Desarrollo social
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Efficiency and Equity in Social Spending by Nancy Birdsall,Estelle James Pdf

In most countries it is easy to identify reallocations of public spending for social programs that would improve efficiency and simultaneously improve the distribution of income and better serve the poor. The authors suggest why these reallocations are difficult but not impossible to bring about.

Public Expenditure Handbook

Mr.Ke-young Chu,Mr.Richard Hemming
Public Expenditure Handbook Book PDF

Author : Mr.Ke-young Chu,Mr.Richard Hemming
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1991-09-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1557752222

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Public Expenditure Handbook by Mr.Ke-young Chu,Mr.Richard Hemming Pdf

This handbook, edited by Ke-young Chu and Richard Hemming, offers guidance to officials formulating public policy recommendations, so that the aggregate level of public spending conforms with the economy's overall resource capacity. The handbook looks at the impact of public spending on the efficiency of resource use and explores the basis for distinguishing between productive and unproductive spending.

Public Spending and the Role of the State

Ludger Schuknecht
Public Spending and the Role of the State Book PDF

Author : Ludger Schuknecht
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108496230

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Public Spending and the Role of the State by Ludger Schuknecht Pdf

Up-to-date, holistic and comprehensive discussion of public expenditure, its history, value for money, risks and remedies.

The Control and Management of Government Expenditure

OECD
The Control and Management of Government Expenditure Book PDF

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2009-05-18
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264076822

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The Control and Management of Government Expenditure by OECD Pdf

Public expenditure control has become a central element of economic policy in many countries. This report analyses budget practices and some recent innovations from the point of view of senior public servants in the central budget offices of ...

Efficiency of Public Spending in Developing Countries

Santiago Herrera,Gaobo Pang
Efficiency of Public Spending in Developing Countries Book PDF

Author : Santiago Herrera,Gaobo Pang
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:931674742

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Efficiency of Public Spending in Developing Countries by Santiago Herrera,Gaobo Pang Pdf

Government spending in developing countries typically account for between 15 and 30 percent of GDP. Hence, small changes in the efficiency of public spending could have a major impact on GDP and on the attainment of the government's objectives. The first challenge that stakeholders face is measuring efficiency. This paper attempts such quantification and has two major parts. The first part estimates efficiency as the distance between observed input-output combinations and an efficiency frontier (defined as the maximum attainable output for a given level of inputs). This frontier is estimated for several health and education output indicators by means of the Free Disposable Hull (FDH) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) techniques. Both input-inefficiency (excess input consumption to achieve a level of output) and output-inefficiency (output shortfall for a given level of inputs) are scored in a sample of 140 countries using data from 1996 to 2002. The second part of the paper seeks to verify empirical regularities of the cross-country variation in efficiency. Results show that countries with higher expenditure levels register lower efficiency scores, as well as countries where the wage bill is a larger share of the government's budget. Similarly, countries with higher ratios of public to private financing of the service provision score lower efficiency, as do countries plagued by the HIV/AIDS epidemic and those with higher income inequality. Countries with higher aid-dependency ratios also tend to score lower in efficiency, probably due to the volatility of this type of funding that impedes medium term planning and budgeting. Though no causality may be inferred from this exercise, it points at different factors to understand why some countries might need more resources than others to achieve similar educational and health outcomes.

Unproductive Public Expenditures

International Monetary Fund
Unproductive Public Expenditures Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2005-04-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781557755414

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Unproductive Public Expenditures by International Monetary Fund Pdf

Public expenditure policy, together with efforts to raise revenue,is at the core of efficient and equitable adjustment. Public expenditureproductivity has critical implications for fiscal adjustment, particularly as the competition for limited public resources intensifies.By providing a framework for defining and analyzing public expenditureproductivity and unproductive expenditures, this pamphlet discusseshow economic policymakers may approach these issues.

Quality of Government and Living Standards

Francesco Grigoli,Mr.Eduardo Ley
Quality of Government and Living Standards Book PDF

Author : Francesco Grigoli,Mr.Eduardo Ley
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 21 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012-07-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475505306

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Quality of Government and Living Standards by Francesco Grigoli,Mr.Eduardo Ley Pdf

It is generally acknowledged that the government’s output is difficult to define and its value is hard to measure. The practical solution, adopted by national accounts systems, is to equate output to input costs. However, several studies estimate significant inefficiencies in government activities (i.e., same output could be achieved with less inputs), implying that inputs are not a good approximation for outputs. If taken seriously, the next logical step is to purge from GDP the fraction of government inputs that is wasted. As differences in the quality of the public sector have a direct impact on citizens’ effective consumption of public and private goods and services, we must take them into account when computing a measure of living standards. We illustrate such a correction computing corrected per capita GDPs on the basis of two studies that estimate efficiency scores for several dimensions of government activities. We show that the correction could be significant, and rankings of living standards could be re-ordered as a result.

Government expenditures on education, health, and infrastructure : a naive look at levels, outcomes, and efficiency

Lourdes Trujillo, Marianela González, Antonio Estache
Government expenditures on education health and infrastructure a naive look at levels outcomes and efficiency Book PDF

Author : Lourdes Trujillo, Marianela González, Antonio Estache
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Government expenditures on education, health, and infrastructure : a naive look at levels, outcomes, and efficiency by Lourdes Trujillo, Marianela González, Antonio Estache Pdf

Abstract: All interested parties seem to agree that it is important to be able to monitor public sector performance at the sectoral level, but most current work based on multi-country databases does not lend itself to country-specific conclusions. This is due to a large extent to major data limitations both on sectoral expenditures and on sectoral outcomes. This paper discusses the related issues and shows what we can do with the current data inspite of the drastic limitations. The main conclusions of the paper are that any efforts to assess country-specific performances in relative terms are likely to be difficult in view of the data problems. A rough sense of performance across sectors can be estimated for groups of countries, allowing some modest benchmarking exercises. These estimates show that low-income countries generally lag significantly behind higher-income countries. Efficiency has improved during the 1990s in energy and education but has not improved significantly in transport.

Benchmarking the Efficiency of Public Expenditure in the Russian Federation

David Hauner
Benchmarking the Efficiency of Public Expenditure in the Russian Federation Book PDF

Author : David Hauner
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2007-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822034557983

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Benchmarking the Efficiency of Public Expenditure in the Russian Federation by David Hauner Pdf

This paper benchmarks the efficiency of public expenditure in the social sectors in the Russian Federation relative to other countries and among the country's regions. It finds that there is substantial room for efficiency gains, particularly in health care and social protection, although less so in education. An econometric analysis of efficiency differences between the regions suggests that they are positively related to per capita income and the quality of governance and democratic control, while they are negatively related to the share of federal transfers in the respective region's government revenue and the level of spending relative to gross regional product.

From Containment to Rationalization

Mr.Jean-Jacques Hallaert,Mr.Maximilien Queyranne
From Containment to Rationalization Book PDF

Author : Mr.Jean-Jacques Hallaert,Mr.Maximilien Queyranne
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 65 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2016-01-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513540139

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From Containment to Rationalization by Mr.Jean-Jacques Hallaert,Mr.Maximilien Queyranne Pdf

Achieving France’s medium-term fiscal targets will require significant expenditure efforts. This paper identifies areas where there is scope for increasing expenditure efficiency, with a view to achieving higher quality and more sustainable fiscal consolidation. The methodology is based on a triple benchmarking. First, the level of public expenditure in different categories is compared to other European countries. Second, the impact of spending is assessed against other European countries. Third, the input mix is analyzed to understand what components are responsible for the level of spending and for the quality of outcomes This is done for various categories of spending and policies. Based on these results, the paper then provides policy options for expenditure reform in each of these areas, drawing on successful reform episodes in other countries.

Modelling the Composition of Government Expenditure

John Creedy,Solmaz Moslehi
Modelling the Composition of Government Expenditure Book PDF

Author : John Creedy,Solmaz Moslehi
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Expenditures, Public
ISBN : 0857936735

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Modelling the Composition of Government Expenditure by John Creedy,Solmaz Moslehi Pdf

The composition of government expenditure varies considerably across countries. The aim of this book is to explore the choice of expenditure using a range of modelling approaches. The models allow for different economic environments, involving the types of expenditure considered, the time period of analysis and the behavior of individuals. The composition of expenditure is examined using majority voting and public finance frameworks, where the latter involves maximization of a social welfare function involving a trade-off between equity and efficiency. Special attention is given to expenditure on transfer payments, public goods and education. Empirical analyses are also carried out, using data for a wide range of countries, where potential orders of magnitude of various components of the models are obtained. The models help in considering important factors and the inter-relationships involved. In particular, a synthesis is provided which allows special consideration of the role of basic inequality in influencing expenditure patterns. The book will be of considerable value to students and researchers interested in public economics. Contents: Part I: Introduction 1. Introduction 2. Alternative Choice Mechanisms Part II: Voting Models 3. Transfer Payments and Public Goods 4. The Role of Home Production 5. An Overlapping Generations Framework Part III: Optimal Choice 6. The Optimal Expenditure Composition 7. Education, Public Goods and Transfers 8. The Overlapping Generations Context Part IV: A General Equilibrium Model 9. A General Equilibrium OLG Model Bibliography Index