The Elimination Of Madagascar S Vanilla Marketing Board Ten Years On

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The Elimination of Madagascar's Vanilla Marketing Board, Ten Years on

Olivier Cadot,Laure Dutoit,Jaime De Melo
The Elimination of Madagascar s Vanilla Marketing Board Ten Years on Book PDF

Author : Olivier Cadot,Laure Dutoit,Jaime De Melo
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Agricultural price supports
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Elimination of Madagascar's Vanilla Marketing Board, Ten Years on by Olivier Cadot,Laure Dutoit,Jaime De Melo Pdf

"This paper explores how the elimination of Madagascar's Marketing Board in 1995 affected prices paid to farmers, incentives, and regional indicators of poverty and inequality. After steadily losing market share, Madagascar has been able to regain some of the lost ground since the mid-1990s. Margins between freight on board (FOB) and farmgate prices have spectacularly narrowed down, but this effect is dwarfed by that of world-price volatility. A counterfactual analysis based on a model of Cournot competition between vanilla traders suggests that whatever limited competition there is among them has contributed to raise purchase prices and the cash income of vanilla farmers. But the effect on farmers' consumption remains small because a large part of it is self-consumed. The effect on aggregate measures of poverty and inequality is even smaller, even at the regional level. After taking into account the reduction in Madagascar's monopoly power on the world vanilla market implied by the elimination of the Marketing Board, the induced rise in producer prices is estimated to have lifted about 20,000 individuals out of poverty. "--World Bank web site.

The Elimination of Madagascar's Vanilla Marketing Board, Ten Years on

Olivier Cadot
The Elimination of Madagascar s Vanilla Marketing Board Ten Years on Book PDF

Author : Olivier Cadot
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290703744

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The Elimination of Madagascar's Vanilla Marketing Board, Ten Years on by Olivier Cadot Pdf

This paper explores how the elimination of Madagascar's Marketing Board in 1995 affected prices paid to farmers, incentives, and regional indicators of poverty and inequality. After steadily losing market share, Madagascar has been able to regain some of the lost ground since the mid-1990s. Margins between freight on board (FOB) and farmgate prices have spectacularly narrowed down, but this effect is dwarfed by that of world-price volatility. A counterfactual analysis based on a model of Cournot competition between vanilla traders suggests that whatever limited competition there is among them has contributed to raise purchase prices and the cash income of vanilla farmers. But the effect on farmers' consumption remains small because a large part of it is self-consumed. The effect on aggregate measures of poverty and inequality is even smaller, even at the regional level. After taking into account the reduction in Madagascar's monopoly power on the world vanilla market implied by the elimination of the Marketing Board, the induced rise in producer prices is estimated to have lifted about 20,000 individuals out of poverty.

The Elimination of Madagascar???s Vanilla Marketing Board, Ten Years On

Olivier Cadot,Laure Dutoit,Jaime de Melo
The Elimination of Madagascar s Vanilla Marketing Board Ten Years On Book PDF

Author : Olivier Cadot,Laure Dutoit,Jaime de Melo
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:931673862

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The Elimination of Madagascar???s Vanilla Marketing Board, Ten Years On by Olivier Cadot,Laure Dutoit,Jaime de Melo Pdf

This paper explores how the elimination of Madagascar's Marketing Board in 1995 affected prices paid to farmers, incentives, and regional indicators of poverty and inequality. After steadily losing market share, Madagascar has been able to regain some of the lost ground since the mid-1990s. Margins between freight on board (FOB) and farmgate prices have spectacularly narrowed down, but this effect is dwarfed by that of world-price volatility. A counterfactual analysis based on a model of Cournot competition between vanilla traders suggests that whatever limited competition there is among them has contributed to raise purchase prices and the cash income of vanilla farmers. But the effect on farmers' consumption remains small because a large part of it is self-consumed. The effect on aggregate measures of poverty and inequality is even smaller, even at the regional level. After taking into account the reduction in Madagascar's monopoly power on the world vanilla market implied by the elimination of the Marketing Board, the induced rise in producer prices is estimated to have lifted about 20,000 individuals out of poverty.

Social Sustainability, Power and Agriculture Value Chains

S. Annette Witherspoon
Social Sustainability Power and Agriculture Value Chains Book PDF

Author : S. Annette Witherspoon
Publisher : LIT Verlag Münster
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2022-12-28
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783643914200

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Social Sustainability, Power and Agriculture Value Chains by S. Annette Witherspoon Pdf

This book addresses value chains and the closely related questions of sustainability, especially social sustainability, in the so called `sustainability turn' Smallholder vanilla producers in Madagascar, as a case, it places power relations at the center of production node analysis. Brilliantly navigating the complexities of such analysis. This ground-breaking work is accomplished through an elaborate qualitative-grounded-theory methodology. This book is useful for scholars looking to explore the links between value chains, social sustainability and feminist epistemologies.

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa

Kym Anderson,William A. Masters
Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa Book PDF

Author : Kym Anderson,William A. Masters
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 656 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2009-03-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0821376640

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Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa by Kym Anderson,William A. Masters Pdf

The vast majority of the world s poorest households depend on farming for their livelihoods. During the 1960s and 1970s, most developing countries imposed pro-urban and anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Although progress has been made over the past two decades to reduce those policy biases, many trade- and welfare-reducing price distortions remain between agriculture and other sectors and within the agricultural sector of both rich and poor countries. Comprehensive empirical studies of the disarray in world agricultural markets appeared approximately 20 years ago. Since then, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has provided estimates each year of market distortions in high-income countries, but there have been no comparable estimates for the world s developing countries. This volume is the third in a series (other volumes cover Asia, Europe s transition economies, and Latin America and the Caribbean) that not only fills that void for recent years but extends the estimates in a consistent and comparable way back in time and provides analytical narratives for scores of countries that shed light on the evolving nature and extent of policy interventions over the past half-century. 'Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa' provides an overview of the evolution of distortions to agricultural incentives caused by price and trade policies in the Arab Republic of Egypt plus 20 countries that account for about of 90 percent of Sub-Saharan Africa s population, farm households, agricultural output, and overall GDP. Sectoral, trade, and exchange rate policies in the region have changed greatly since the 1950s, and there have been substantial reforms since the 1980s. Nonetheless, numerous price distortions in this region remain, others have been added in recent years, and there has also been some backsliding, such as in Zimbabwe. The new empirical indicators in these country studies provide a strong evidence-based foundation for assessing the successes and failures of the past and for evaluating policy options for the years ahead.

landlockedness, infrastructure and trade: new estimates for central asian countries

Christopher Grigoriou
landlockedness infrastructure and trade new estimates for central asian countries Book PDF

Author : Christopher Grigoriou
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Asia, Central
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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landlockedness, infrastructure and trade: new estimates for central asian countries by Christopher Grigoriou Pdf

Abstract: This paper assesses the impact of internal infrastructure and landlockedness on Central Asian trade using a panel gravity equation estimated on a large sample of countries (167 countries over 1992-2004). The panel structure of the dataset makes it possible to control for country-pair specific effects (as opposed to the usual importer and exporter effects) that would otherwise be captured by the coefficients of time-invariant variables such as distance or landlockness. Our findings highlight the need to pursue a dual policy agenda. First, transit corridors are regional public goods and should be managed as such through international cooperation. International Financial Institutions can -and do- play a key role in this regard through assistance, coordination and policy dialogue. Second, the Central Asian countries should actively seek diversification of their transit corridors to prevent the creation or maintenance of monopoly positions in transit and bottleneck points such as trans-shipment platforms.

A Step Ahead

Martha Martinez Licetti,Georgiana Pop,Sara Nyman,Tania Priscilla Begazo Gomez
A Step Ahead Book PDF

Author : Martha Martinez Licetti,Georgiana Pop,Sara Nyman,Tania Priscilla Begazo Gomez
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2017-06-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464809460

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A Step Ahead by Martha Martinez Licetti,Georgiana Pop,Sara Nyman,Tania Priscilla Begazo Gomez Pdf

Sustainable economic development has played a major role in the decline of global poverty in the past two decades. There is no doubt that competitive markets are key drivers of economic growth and productivity. They are also valuable channels for consumer welfare. Competition policy is a powerful tool for complementing efforts to alleviate poverty and bring about shared prosperity. An effective competition policy involves measures that enable contestability and firm entry and rivalry, while ensuring the enforcement of antitrust laws and state aid control. Governments from emerging and developing economies are increasingly requesting pragmatic solutions for effective competition policy implementation, as well as recommendations for pro-competitive sectoral policies. A Step Ahead: Competition Policy for Shared Prosperity and Inclusive Growth puts forward a research agenda that advocates the importance of market competition, effective market regulation, and competition policies for achieving inclusive growth and shared prosperity in emerging and developing economies. It is the result of a global partnership and shared commitment between the World Bank Group and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Part I of the book brings together existing empirical evidence on the benefits of competition for household welfare. It covers the elimination of anticompetitive practices and regulations that restrict competition in key markets and highlights the effects of competition on small producers and employment. Part II of the book focuses on the distributional effects of competition policies and how enforcement can be better aligned with shared prosperity goals.

Coups, Rivals, and the Modern State

Beth Rabinowitz
Coups Rivals and the Modern State Book PDF

Author : Beth Rabinowitz
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2018-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108420464

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Coups, Rivals, and the Modern State by Beth Rabinowitz Pdf

Using extensive research, this book argues that successful African leaders consolidate their rule by developing strategic rural coalitions.

Agricultural Supply Chains, Growth and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa

Nicolas Depetris Chauvin,Guido Porto,Francis Mulangu
Agricultural Supply Chains Growth and Poverty in Sub Saharan Africa Book PDF

Author : Nicolas Depetris Chauvin,Guido Porto,Francis Mulangu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2017-02-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783662538586

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Agricultural Supply Chains, Growth and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa by Nicolas Depetris Chauvin,Guido Porto,Francis Mulangu Pdf

This book investigates if and how agricultural market structures and farm constraints affect the development of dynamic food and cash crop sectors and whether these sectors can contribute to economic transformation and poverty reduction in Africa. The authors map the current cash and food crops supply chains in six African countries, characterizing their markets structures and domestic competition policies. At the farm level, the book studies the constraints faced by small holders to increase productivity and break out of a vicious cycle in which low productivity exacerbates vulnerability to poverty. In a series of micro case studies, the project explores how cooperatives and institutions may help overcome these constraints. This book will appeal to scholars and policy makers seeking instruments to promote increased agriculture productivity, resolve food security issues, and promote agribusiness by diversifying exports and increasing trade and competitiveness.

Perceptions and Representations of the Malagasy Environment Across Cultures

Frank Muttenzer,Gwyn Campbell,Jacques Pollini
Perceptions and Representations of the Malagasy Environment Across Cultures Book PDF

Author : Frank Muttenzer,Gwyn Campbell,Jacques Pollini
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2023-07-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9783031238369

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Perceptions and Representations of the Malagasy Environment Across Cultures by Frank Muttenzer,Gwyn Campbell,Jacques Pollini Pdf

This book examines the history and impact of environmental change in Madagascar. Drawing on interdisciplinary, ethnographic methodologies, the book presents local and global perspectives on current environmental changes and their drivers, from mining to development and deforestation. The book emphasizes the embeddedness of Malagasy peoples’ social relationships with the natural environment, and contrasts this with the way the Malagasy environment is viewed by international conservation organizations. Through the presentation of concrete case studies, the contributors assess the current controversy over the history and nature of human impact on the environment in Madagascar, and offer innovatory insights into how these controversies, which plague current policy making, can be settled.

The World Bank Research Program, 2005-2007

Anonim
The World Bank Research Program 2005 2007 Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821374061

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The World Bank Research Program, 2005-2007 by Anonim Pdf

This pocket-sized reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries includes key indicators on agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The volume helps establish a sound base of information to help set priorities and measure progress toward environmental sustainability goals.

Azerbaijan's Household Survey Data

Lire Ersado
Azerbaijan s Household Survey Data Book PDF

Author : Lire Ersado
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Azerbaijan
ISBN : UCSD:31822034382937

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Azerbaijan's Household Survey Data by Lire Ersado Pdf

While the Azerbaijan household income and expenditure survey (HIES) data satisfy most empirical regularities expected in a typical household survey data, the inequality measures based on the data are unusually low. For example, for the latest three years for which we have data (2002 - 2004), the consumption Gini coefficient (the commonly used summary measure of inequality) is in the range of 16 - 18 percent. This is among the lowest Gini coefficients ever observed in any country, and is extremely low even with the standard of countries generally considered as most equal in the world. Azerbaijan, a transitional economy with a significant natural resource base, is unlikely to be the most equal country in the world. The objective of this paper is to investigate why inequality measures are unusually low in the Azerbaijan household survey data. The author presents a methodology for diagnosing and identifying the potential sources of low inequality in the data, including cluster analysis at the primary sampling unit level. The main inference from the findings of the cluster analysis is that the observed low inequality indices are not due to poor supervision of the interviewers and the data collection process. The author finds that the main culprits for the observed low inequality in the HIES data are (1) the low participation rates of wealthy households in the household surveys, and (2) the widespread availability of well-targeted public and private transfers.

Who Gets Debt Relief?

Nicolas Depetris Chauvin,Aart Kraay
Who Gets Debt Relief Book PDF

Author : Nicolas Depetris Chauvin,Aart Kraay
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Debt relief
ISBN : UCSD:31822030093207

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Who Gets Debt Relief? by Nicolas Depetris Chauvin,Aart Kraay Pdf

"The authors use preliminary results from an ongoing effort to construct estimates of debt relief to study its allocation across a sample of 62 low-income countries. They find some evidence that debt relief, particularly from multilateral creditors, has been allocated to countries with better policies in recent years. Somewhat surprisingly, conditional on per capita incomes and policy, more indebted countries are not much more likely to receive debt relief. But countries that have large debts especially to multilateral creditors are more likely to receive debt relief. The authors do not find much evidence that debt relief responds to shocks to GDP growth. Finally, most of the persistence in debt relief is driven by slowly changing country characteristics, indicating that it may be difficult for countries to "exit" from cycles of repeated debt relief. "--World Bank web site.

The Value of Mortality Risk Reductions in Delhi, India

Soma Bhattacharya,Anna Alberini,Maureen L. Cropper
The Value of Mortality Risk Reductions in Delhi India Book PDF

Author : Soma Bhattacharya,Anna Alberini,Maureen L. Cropper
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Life expectancy
ISBN : UCSD:31822030093314

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The Value of Mortality Risk Reductions in Delhi, India by Soma Bhattacharya,Anna Alberini,Maureen L. Cropper Pdf

"The authors interviewed commuters in Delhi, India, asking them to report their willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce their risk of dying in road traffic accidents in each of three scenarios that mirror the circumstances under which the majority of the road fatalities in Delhi occur. The WTP responses are internally valid, in the sense that WTP increases with the size of the risk reduction, income, and exposure to road traffic risks, as measured by length of commute and whether the respondent drives a two-wheeler. As a result, the "value of a statistical life" (VSL) is individuated-that is, it varies across groups of beneficiaries. For the most likely beneficiaries of road safety programs-the most highly exposed individuals-the VSL is about 150,000 PPP$. "--World Bank web site.

The African Growth and Opportunity Act, Exports, and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

Paul Brenton,Mombert Hoppe
The African Growth and Opportunity Act Exports and Development in Sub Saharan Africa Book PDF

Author : Paul Brenton,Mombert Hoppe
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Africa, Sub-Saharan
ISBN : UCSD:31822030093439

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The African Growth and Opportunity Act, Exports, and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa by Paul Brenton,Mombert Hoppe Pdf

"The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) is the flagship of U.S. commercial and development policy with Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper looks at the impact of the trade preferences that are the central element of AGOA on African countries' exports to the U.S. and puts them in the perspective of the development of the region. The paper finds that, while stimulating export diversification in a few countries, AGOA has fallen short of the potential impetus that preferences could otherwise provide African exporters. The impact of AGOA would be enhanced if preferences were extended to all products. This means removing tariff barriers to a range of agricultural products and to textiles and a number of other manufactured goods. There also needs to be a fundamental change in approach to the rules of origin. Given the stage of development and economic size of Sub-Saharan Africa, nonrestrictive rules of origin are crucial. For all countries in Africa, those that have and those that have not benefited from preferences, there are enormous infrastructure weaknesses and often extremely poor policy environments that raise trade costs and push African producers further away from international markets. Effective trade preferences (those with nonrestrictive rules of origin) can provide a limited window of opportunity to exports while these key barriers to trade are addressed. But dealing with the barriers is the priority. "--World Bank web site.