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Author : Henry Quastler
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 83 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1964
Category : Electronic
ISBN : LCCN:64020939
Author : Samantha Fowler,Rebecca Roush,James Wise
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 618 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2018-01-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9888407457
Concepts of Biology is designed for the single-semester introduction to biology course for non-science majors, which for many students is their only college-level science course. As such, this course represents an important opportunity for students to develop the necessary knowledge, tools, and skills to make informed decisions as they continue with their lives. Rather than being mired down with facts and vocabulary, the typical non-science major student needs information presented in a way that is easy to read and understand. Even more importantly, the content should be meaningful. Students do much better when they understand why biology is relevant to their everyday lives. For these reasons, Concepts of Biology is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand.We also strive to show the interconnectedness of topics within this extremely broad discipline. In order to meet the needs of today's instructors and students, we maintain the overall organization and coverage found in most syllabi for this course. A strength of Concepts of Biology is that instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Concepts of Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand--and apply--key concepts.
Author : Daniel S. Brooks,James DiFrisco,William C. Wimsatt
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2021-08-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780262362252
Scientific philosophers examine the nature and significance of levels of organization, a core structural principle in the biological sciences. This volume examines the idea of levels of organization as a distinct object of investigation, considering its merits as a core organizational principle for the scientific image of the natural world. It approaches levels of organization--roughly, the idea that the natural world is segregated into part-whole relationships of increasing spatiotemporal scale and complexity--in terms of its roles in scientific reasoning as a dynamic, open-ended idea capable of performing multiple overlapping functions in distinct empirical settings. The contributors--scientific philosophers with longstanding ties to the biological sciences--discuss topics including the philosophical and scientific contexts for an inquiry into levels; whether the concept can actually deliver on its organizational promises; the role of levels in the development and evolution of complex systems; conditional independence and downward causation; and the extension of the concept into the sociocultural realm. Taken together, the contributions embrace the diverse usages of the term as aspects of the big picture of levels of organization. Contributors Jan Baedke, Robert W. Batterman, Daniel S. Brooks, James DiFrisco, Markus I. Eronen, Carl Gillett, Sara Green, James Griesemer, Alan C. Love, Angela Potochnik, Thomas Reydon, Ilya Tëmkin, Jon Umerez, William C. Wimsatt, James Woodward
Author : Niles Eldredge,Telmo Pievani,Emanuele Serrelli,Ilya Tëmkin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2016-09-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226426198
The natural world is infinitely complex and hierarchically structured, with smaller units forming the components of progressively larger systems: molecules make up cells, cells comprise tissues and organs that are, in turn, parts of individual organisms, which are united into populations and integrated into yet more encompassing ecosystems. In the face of such awe-inspiring complexity, there is a need for a comprehensive, non-reductionist evolutionary theory. Having emerged at the crossroads of paleobiology, genetics, and developmental biology, the hierarchical approach to evolution provides a unifying perspective on the natural world and offers an operational framework for scientists seeking to understand the way complex biological systems work and evolve. Coedited by one of the founders of hierarchy theory and featuring a diverse and renowned group of contributors, this volume provides an integrated, comprehensive, cutting-edge introduction to the hierarchy theory of evolution. From sweeping historical reviews to philosophical pieces, theoretical essays, and strictly empirical chapters, it reveals hierarchy theory as a vibrant field of scientific enterprise that holds promise for unification across the life sciences and offers new venues of empirical and theoretical research. Stretching from molecules to the biosphere, hierarchy theory aims to provide an all-encompassing understanding of evolution and—with this first collection devoted entirely to the concept—will help make transparent the fundamental patterns that propel living systems.
Author : Matteo Mossio
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2023-11-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783031389689
This open access book assesses the prospects of (re)adopting organization as a pivotal concept in biology. It shows how organization can nourish biological thinking and practice, by reconnecting with the idea of biology as the science of organized systems. The book provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art picture of the characterizations and uses of the concept of organization in both biological science and philosophy of biology. It also deals with a variety of themes – including evolution, organogenesis, heredity, cognition and ecology – with respect to which the concept of organization can guide the elaboration of original models and new experimental protocols. It will be of interest to biologists and scholars working in philosophy of science alike.
Author : Pier Luigi Luisi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2006-07-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139455640
The origin of life from inanimate matter has been the focus of much research for decades, both experimentally and philosophically. Luisi takes the reader through the consecutive stages from prebiotic chemistry to synthetic biology, uniquely combining both approaches. This book presents a systematic course discussing the successive stages of self-organisation, emergence, self-replication, autopoiesis, synthetic compartments and construction of cellular models, in order to demonstrate the spontaneous increase in complexity from inanimate matter to the first cellular life forms. A chapter is dedicated to each of these steps, using a number of synthetic and biological examples. With end-of-chapter review questions to aid reader comprehension, this book will appeal to graduate students and academics researching the origin of life and related areas such as evolutionary biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics and natural sciences.
Author : R. J. C. Harris
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483274256
Biological Organization at the Cellular and Supercellular Level provides information on some of the most intriguing problems of cell biology. This book discusses the models for gene function as well as the simple mechanisms found in bacteria. Organized into 14 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the model for the regulation of DNA replication. This text then examines the specific properties of an organism, which arise from its catalytic constitution. Other chapters consider the experiments to test whether enzyme induction is accompanied by an increase in the rate of synthesis of the specific messenger RNA corresponding to the structural gene that controls the induced enzyme. This book discusses as well the comparison of the properties of the two types of CO2-sensitive flies, namely, the non-stabilized and the stabilized. The final chapter deals with the morphological or structural aspects of biological organization. This book is a valuable resource for geneticists, embryologists, and cancerologists.
Author : Lisa Bartee,Walter Shiner,Catherine Creech
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1636350410
The Principles of Biology sequence (BI 211, 212 and 213) introduces biology as a scientific discipline for students planning to major in biology and other science disciplines. Laboratories and classroom activities introduce techniques used to study biological processes and provide opportunities for students to develop their ability to conduct research.
Author : Lars H. Wegner,Ulrich Lüttge
Publisher : Springer
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2019-02-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030061289
This book focuses on modules and emergence with self-organization in the life sciences. As Aristotle observed so long ago, the whole is more than the sum of its parts. However, contemporary science is dominated by reductionist concepts and tends to neglect the non-reproducible features of complex systems, which emerge from the interaction of the smaller units they are composed of. The book is divided into three major parts; the essays in part A highlight the conceptual basis of emergence, linking it to the philosophy of science, systems biology and sustainability. This is subsequently exemplified in part B by applying the concept of emergence to various biological disciplines, such as genetics, developmental biology, neurobiology, plant physiology and ecology. New aspects of emergence come into play when biology meets the technical sciences, as revealed in a chapter on bionics. In turn, part C adopts a broader view, revealing how the organization of life follows a hierarchical order in terms of scalar dimensions, ranging from the molecular level to the entire biosphere. The idea that life is primarily and exclusively shaped by processes at the molecular level (and, in particular, by the information encoded in the genome) is refuted; rather, there is no hierarchy with respect to the level of causation in the cross-talk between the levels. In the last two chapters, the evolutionary trend toward ever-increasing complexity in living systems is interpreted in terms of the Gaia hypothesis sensu Lovelock: the entire biosphere is viewed as a functional unit (or ‘holobiont-like system’) organized to develop and sustain life on Earth.
Author : Arthur Robert Peacocke
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : UOM:39015017902258
This book introduces both physical and biological scientists to important thermodynamic and kinetic interpretations of living systems that involve major conceptual developments in the application of physio-chemical ideas. A concluding discussion relates these developments to other widely discussed ideas that have been recently applied to living systems, including thermodynamic aspects of evolution, information theory, and hierarchy and the question of reductionism. Students and researchers in both physical and biological science will find this mathematically simplified account to be a clear and accessible introduction to the physical chemistry of biological organization.
Author : Scott Camazine,Jean-Louis Deneubourg,Nigel R. Franks,James Sneyd,Guy Theraula,Eric Bonabeau
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2020-05-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691212920
The synchronized flashing of fireflies at night. The spiraling patterns of an aggregating slime mold. The anastomosing network of army-ant trails. The coordinated movements of a school of fish. Researchers are finding in such patterns--phenomena that have fascinated naturalists for centuries--a fertile new approach to understanding biological systems: the study of self-organization. This book, a primer on self-organization in biological systems for students and other enthusiasts, introduces readers to the basic concepts and tools for studying self-organization and then examines numerous examples of self-organization in the natural world. Self-organization refers to diverse pattern formation processes in the physical and biological world, from sand grains assembling into rippled dunes to cells combining to create highly structured tissues to individual insects working to create sophisticated societies. What these diverse systems hold in common is the proximate means by which they acquire order and structure. In self-organizing systems, pattern at the global level emerges solely from interactions among lower-level components. Remarkably, even very complex structures result from the iteration of surprisingly simple behaviors performed by individuals relying on only local information. This striking conclusion suggests important lines of inquiry: To what degree is environmental rather than individual complexity responsible for group complexity? To what extent have widely differing organisms adopted similar, convergent strategies of pattern formation? How, specifically, has natural selection determined the rules governing interactions within biological systems? Broad in scope, thorough yet accessible, this book is a self-contained introduction to self-organization and complexity in biology--a field of study at the forefront of life sciences research.
Author : R.G. Kessel,C.Y. Shih
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642808340
In the continuing quest to explore structure and to relate struc tural organization to functional significance, the scientist has developed a vast array of microscopes. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) represents a recent and important advance in the development of useful tools for investigating the structural organization of matter. Recent progress in both technology and methodology has resulted in numerous biological publications in which the SEM has been utilized exclusively or in connection with other types of microscopes to reveal surface as well as intracellular details in plant and animal tissues and organs. Because of the resolution and depth of focus presented in the SEM photograph when compared, for example, with that in the light microscope photographs, images recorded with the SEM have widely circulated in newspapers, periodicals and scientific journals in recent times. Considering the utility and present status of scanning electron microscopy, it seemed to us to be a particularly appropriate time to assemble a text-atlas dealing with biological applications of scanning electron microscopy so that such information might be presented to the student and to others not yet familiar with its capabilities in teaching and research. The major goal of this book, therefore, has been to assemble material that would be useful to those students beginning their study of botany or zoo logy, as well as to beginning medical students and students in advanced biology courses.
Author : Alvaro Moreno,Matteo Mossio
Publisher : Springer
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2015-05-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401798372
Since Darwin, Biology has been framed on the idea of evolution by natural selection, which has profoundly influenced the scientific and philosophical comprehension of biological phenomena and of our place in Nature. This book argues that contemporary biology should progress towards and revolve around an even more fundamental idea, that of autonomy. Biological autonomy describes living organisms as organised systems, which are able to self-produce and self-maintain as integrated entities, to establish their own goals and norms, and to promote the conditions of their existence through their interactions with the environment. Topics covered in this book include organisation and biological emergence, organisms, agency, levels of autonomy, cognition, and a look at the historical dimension of autonomy. The current development of scientific investigations on autonomous organisation calls for a theoretical and philosophical analysis. This can contribute to the elaboration of an original understanding of life - including human life - on Earth, opening new perspectives and enabling fecund interactions with other existing theories and approaches. This book takes up the challenge.
Author : Miguel A. Aon,S. Cortassa
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401158282
Dynamic Biological Organization is a fascinating account of the living organisms as dynamic systems, based on the concept that the spatio-temporal coherence of events within a living system result from the intrinsic dynamics of the processes taking place within that sysem. The authors of this important work, Miguel Aon and Sonia Cortassa have travelled widely to work in some of the leading research laboratories to accumulate a large information base on which to assemble this book. Taking a transdisciplinary approach, the authors draw on work at the interface of biochemistry, genetics, physiology, thermodynamics, kinetics and biomathematics, using mathematical models throughout to corroborate and analyze the biological complexity presented. Emphasizing biological processes occuring at the cellular level. Dynamic Biological Organization gives exciting insights into the experimental and theoretical applications of modern scientific paradigms to fundamental biological processes.
Author : T. Lenoir
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9789400969513
Teleological thinking has been steadfastly resisted by modern biology. And yet, in nearly every area of research biologists are hard pressed to find language that does not impute purposiveness to living forms. The life of the individual organism, if not life itself, seems to make use of a variety of strate gems in achieving its purposes. But in an age when physical models dominate our imagination and when physics itself has become accustomed to uncertainty relations and complementarity, biologists have learned to live with a kind of schizophrenic language, employing terms like 'selfish genes' and 'survival machines' to describe the behavior of organisms as if they were somehow purposive yet all the while intending that they are highly complicated mechanisms. The present study treats a period in the history of the life sciences when the imputation of purposiveness to biological organization was not regarded an embarrassment but rather an accepted fact, and when the principal goal was to reap the benefits of mechanistic explanations by finding a. means of in corporating them within the guidelines of a teleological fmmework. Whereas the history of German biology in the early nineteenth century is usually dismissed as an unfortunate era dominated by arid speculation, the present study aims to reverse that judgment by showing that a consistent, workable program of research was elaborated by a well-connected group of German biologists and that it was based squarely on the unification of teleological and mechanistic models of explanation.