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Handbook of the Equity Risk Premium by Rajnish Mehra Pdf
Edited by Rajnish Mehra, this volume focuses on the equity risk premium puzzle, a term coined by Mehra and Prescott in 1985 which encompasses a number of empirical regularities in the prices of capital assets that are at odds with the predictions of standard economic theory.
The Equity Risk Premium by William N. Goetzmann,Roger G. Ibbotson Pdf
This book aims to create a strong understanding of the empirical basis for the equity risk premium. Through the research and anaylsis of two scholars who are experts in this field, this volume presents the key issues that are paramount to investors, including whether or not to use historical data as a method of equity investing, and can the equity premium reflect changes in fundamental values and cash flows of the market.
Over two decades ago, Mehra and Prescott (1985) challenged the finance profession with a poser: the historical US equity premium is an order of magnitude greater than can be rationalized in the context of the standard neoclassical paradigm of financial economics. This regularity, dubbed "the equity premium puzzle," has spawned a plethora of research efforts to explain it away. In this review, the author takes a retrospective look at the original paper and explains the conclusion that the equity premium is not a premium for bearing non-diversifiable risk
Author : Laurence B. Siegel Publisher : CFA Institute Research Foundation Page : 30 pages File Size : 41,6 Mb Release : 2017-12-08 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 9781944960322
The Equity Risk Premium: A Contextual Literature Review by Laurence B. Siegel Pdf
Research into the equity risk premium, often considered the most important number in finance, falls into three broad groupings. First, researchers have measured the margin by which equity total returns have exceeded fixed-income or cash returns over long historical periods and have projected this measure of the equity risk premium into the future. Second, the dividend discount model—or a variant of it, such as an earnings discount model—is used to estimate the future return on an equity index, and the fixed-income or cash yield is then subtracted to arrive at an equity risk premium expectation or forecast. Third, academics have used macroeconomic techniques to estimate what premium investors might rationally require for taking the risk of equities. Current thinking emphasizes the second, or dividend discount, approach and projects an equity risk premium centered on 3½% to 4%.
Rethinking the Equity Risk Premium by P. Brett Hammond Pdf
In 2001, a small group of academics and practitioners met to discuss the equity risk premium (ERP). Ten years later, in 2011, a similar discussion took place, with participants writing up their thoughts for this volume. The result is a rich set of papers that practitioners may find useful in developing their own approach to the subject.
A radical, definitive explanation of the link between loss aversion theory, the equity risk premium and stock price, and how to profit from it The Risk Premium Factor presents and proves a radical new theory that explains the stock market, offering a quantitative explanation for all the booms, busts, bubbles, and multiple expansions and contractions of the market we have experienced over the past half-century. Written by Stephen D. Hassett, a corporate development executive, author and specialist in value management, mergers and acquisitions, new venture strategy, development, and execution for high technology, SaaS, web, and mobile businesses, the book convincingly demonstrates that the equity risk premium is proportional to long-term Treasury yields, establishing a connection to loss aversion theory. Explains stock prices from 1960 through the present including the 2008/09 "market meltdown" Shows how the S&P 500 has consistently reverted to values predicted by the model Solves the equity premium puzzle by showing that it is consistent with findings on loss aversion Demonstrates that three factors drive valuation and stock price: earnings, long term growth, and interest rates Understanding the stock market is simple. By grasping the simplicity, business leaders, corporate decision makers, private equity, venture capital, professional, and individual investors will fully understand the system under which they operate, and find themselves empowered to make better decisions managing their businesses and investment portfolios.
Das Thema Risikoprämie für Aktien (Equity Risk Premium) wird hier zum ersten Mal verständlich erklärt. Die Risikoprämie für Aktien stellt einen Renditeausgleich dar für das erhöhte Risiko, das ein Anleger bei der Investition in Aktien eingeht, im Vergleich zu einer Investition in risikofreie Staatsanleihen. Die Risikoprämie ist zwar von der Theorie her einfach, jedoch in der Praxis ein sehr komplexes Phänomen. Für Finanzentscheidungen ist es von größter Bedeutung, daß man das Prinzip der Risikoprämie versteht und es anwenden kann. Cornell erläutert das Thema Schritt für Schritt sehr anschaulich und ohne terminologischen Ballast. Zunächst wird die Risikoprämie im Zusammenhang mit der Geschichte des Aktienmarktes betrachtet. Der Haussemarkt der 90er dient dabei als Fallstudie. Cornell zeigt, welche Rückschlüsse man durch die Analyse der Risikoprämie im historischen Verlauf für den Aktienmarkt ziehen kann, z.B. ob Aktienkurse steigen oder fallen oder ob sich der Aktienmarkt verändert. Vorausschauende Schätzungen der Risikoprämie werden anhand verschiedener konkurrierender Modelle analysiert, wobei die Vorzüge der jeweiligen Methode mitbewertet werden. 'Equity Risk Premium' ist das erste Buch, das dieses wichtige Prinzip der Risiko-Nutzen-Analyse erschöpfend behandelt. Es vermittelt einen tiefen Einblick und deckt alle Grundlagen ab, damit Investoren fundierte Finanzentscheidungen treffen können. Ein absolutes Muß für institutionelle Anleger, Geldmanager und Finanzvorstände, die auf eine fundierte Marktanalyse zurückgreifen müssen. (06/99)
Behavioral Explanation of the Equity Premium Puzzle by Kevin Rink Pdf
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,0, European Business School - International University Schlo Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel, language: English, abstract: Ever since the equity premium puzzle (EEP) was published by Mehra and Prescott (1985), it has become one of the most investigated problems in economics (Mehra, 2003, p. 54). The EEP describes the fact that we cannot link historic stock returns with the volatility of consumption growth (in a sense to be made precise below). Mehra and Prescott call this a puzzle as their consumption-based asset pricing model can not plausibly explain the S&P 500's annual risk premium of 6.2% over relatively risk-free governmental treasury bills between 1889 and 1978. This model reproduces an equity premium of 6.2% solely by adapting unreasonable estimates of agents' risk aversion (Mehra & Prescott, 1985, pp. 155-156). In this way, the model also predicts an extreme size of the risk-free rate (Cochrane, 2000, p. 416). Thus, the equity premium is not able to be explained exclusively by the risk of stock price fluctuations. (...) This thesis will examine the EPP from a behavioral perspective. The major research question to be pursued is this: How do behavioral approaches explain the equity premium puzzle? In order to answer this question, a variety of subtasks must be addressed. This includes the investigation of the initial model of Mehra and Prescott (1985) as well as its underlying assumptions. That is, in particular, needed because several well-established classical assumptions must be dropped to set up descriptive behavioral models. In addition, implications from psychology and behavioral economics must be introduced to answer the overall question of this thesis. Hence, the thesis will focus on the notions of loss aversion, narrow framing, and regret theory in an effort to explain the EPP. (...) The remainder of this thesis is or
The Equity Premium Puzzle, Intrinsic Growth & Monetary Policy An Unexpected Solution Theory & Strategy for the Coming Jobless Age by Robert Shuler Pdf
This book shows we must adjust money supply to account for productivity if deflation is to be avoided. The central banker is not profit oriented and can create money at will, not subject to rational investor constraints. Businesses leverage low interest rates enforced by the central bank to grow and increase employment, compensating for the reduced labor necessary for the former level of goods and services. This leveraged difference in returns is the equity premium. Even a one time productivity increase requires a corresponding permanent increase not in the money supply itself, but in the "rate of increase" of the money supply. Given the steady growth in productivity of the last 100 years, the world economy is now grossly under-stimulated and in danger of precipitous deflation. Both academic models and arguments based on historical events are presented, along with analysis of the meaning of money, investor behavior, and practical techniques for obtaining the equity premium in one's portfolio.
A New Look at the Equity Premium. A Survey of Collegiate Financial Faculty by Thomas Kochanek,Jeremy Alexander Pdf
Scientific Essay from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: A, Western Illinois University, language: English, abstract: This paper deals with the difference of potential returns of diverse assets within a long-term period. Recent articles investigated an unexplainable abnormality of long term returns of stocks in comparison to risk-free securities even if stocks were risk- adjusted. This phenomenon is called the Equity Premium Puzzle. With this paper we want to investigate how current investors make use of the disclosures of these papers. Since one assumption of capital markets is that any information is available to any investor in the world, any investor who invests on a long term basis would act irrational if she invests within the bond market, while she could earn a lot more money in the stock market. Furthermore this fact of the existence of not rational acting investors might show that capital markets are not that efficient as expected or information among investors are not shared sufficiently through markets as an earlier study showed. In our study we created a questionnaire of about 22 questions. All questions which were applied were held superficially, so that the respondent had no clue which goal we were looking for with that survey. We distributed our questionnaire to all available investors of all different ages. However we tried to focus on those investors with a long time investment horizon, such as students, pupils or early workers in the end 20’s or less. Since the Equity Premium Puzzle is not only a national issue, we did our survey not only in the United States of America but also in Germany.
The Equity Premium Puzzle, Intrinsic Growth and Monetary Policy an Unexpected Solution by Robert Shuler Pdf
The guy who discovered the equity premium does not invest in it. He is not the only one. High profile money managers routinely fail to measure up to the indexes they compare themselves to. That says a lot about why the equity "premium" is considered a puzzle. How would you get it if you wanted to? What is it? Stocks, also called equities, as a group not individually provide 7% to 8% higher returns than bonds or mortgages or most other kinds of investments whenever you look at periods 20 years or longer. How can the returns of a group of stocks be greater than the returns of individual stocks? It seems to violate arithmetic. The whole is greater than the sum of the parts because stock indexes are perpetual. They rotate in new companies which have achieved the requirements of the index (not flighty new issues) to replace older companies which are declining. You can do this. Change the lives of yourself and all your descendents. Might some of them live more than 20 years even if you don't? Learn how you can dramatically improve your investing style, why you should not worry about the FED, what you should have as long term goals instead of a career or retirement, why your career or small businesses is not diversified, the advantage of stocks over real estate or bonds, and how to rely more on being an investor. Learn the reasons behind market behavior, not simple prescriptions. Learn why stock picking is a bad idea, and what to do instead. Learn when and how to use credit, and why keeping your money in a bank may not be safe. Explore how your feelings about money and the origin of money influence you. Did you know the Roman Empire used almost no gold, and in the Bronze Age money was grain and you could eat it?
The Equity Premium Puzzle, Ambiguity Aversion, and Institutional Quality by S. Nuri Erbas,Abbas Mirakhor Pdf
With cross-section data from 53 emerging and mature markets, we provide evidence that equity premium puzzle is a global phenomenon. In addition to risk aversion, equity premium may reflect ambiguity aversion. We explore the sources of equity premium using some pertinent fundamental independent variables, as well as the World Bank institutional quality indexes and other proxies for the degree of ambiguity in the sample countries. Some World Bank and other indexes are statistically significant, which indicates that a large part of equity premium may reflect investor aversion to ambiguities resulting from institutional weaknesses.
Roger G. Ibbotson,Thomas M. Idzorek,Paul D. Kaplan,James X. Xiong
Author : Roger G. Ibbotson,Thomas M. Idzorek,Paul D. Kaplan,James X. Xiong Publisher : CFA Institute Research Foundation Page : 128 pages File Size : 44,5 Mb Release : 2018 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 9781944960612
Popularity: A Bridge between Classical and Behavioral Finance by Roger G. Ibbotson,Thomas M. Idzorek,Paul D. Kaplan,James X. Xiong Pdf
Classical and behavioral finance are often seen as being at odds, but the idea of “popularity” has been introduced as a way of reconciling the two approaches. Investors like or dislike various characteristics of securities for rational reasons (as in classical finance) or irrational reasons (as in behavioral finance), which makes the assets popular or unpopular. In the capital markets, popular (unpopular) securities trade at prices that are higher (lower) than they would be otherwise; hence, the shares may provide lower (higher) expected returns.This book builds on this idea and expands it in two major ways. First, it introduces a rigorous asset pricing model, the popularity asset pricing model (PAPM), which adds investor preferences for security characteristics other than the risk and expected return that are part of the capital asset pricing model. A major conclusion of the PAPM is that the expected return of any security is a linear function of not only its systematic risk (beta) but also of all security characteristics that investors care about. The other major contribution of the book is new empirical work that, while confirming the well-known premiums (such as size, value, and liquidity) in a popularity context, supports the popularity hypothesis on the basis of portfolios of stocks based on such characteristics as brand value, sustainable competitive advantage, and reputation. Popularity unifies the factors that affect price in classical finance with those that drive price in behavioral finance, thus creating a unifying theory or bridge between classical and behavioral finance.
