The Evolution From Strict Liability To Fault In The Law Of Torts
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The Evolution from Strict Liability to Fault in the Law of Torts by Anthony Gray Pdf
Gradually, the law of tort has shifted away from a strict-liability approach to one where fault predominates. This book charts important case law documenting this shift. It seeks to understand how and why it occurred. Given that the Rylands v Fletcher decision is typically seen as a prime exemplar of strict liability, it focusses particularly on that case, as part of the historical development of tort law. It considers the intellectual arguments made in favour of strict liability, and for fault-based liability. Having done so, it then focusses on particular areas of the law of tort, including nuisance, defamation and trespass. It is somewhat anomalous that though most would view these as examples of torts of strict liability, fault considerations have become prominent in their application. This presents an uneasy compromise, where torts that are notionally strict in nature are infused with fault considerations, often through exceptions or defences. This book advocates for further development in the law of tort to better reflect a primarily fault-based approach to liability, at least in the common law. This would make the law of tort more coherent.
The Evolution from Strict Liability to Fault in the Law of Torts by Anthony Gray (Law teacher) Pdf
"Gradually, the law of tort has shifted away from a strict-liability approach to one where fault predominates. This book charts important case law documenting this shift. It seeks to understand how and why it occurred. Given that the Rylands v Fletcher decision is typically seen as a prime exemplar of strict liability, it focusses particularly on that case, as part of the historical development of tort law. It considers the intellectual arguments made in favour of strict liability, and for fault-based liability. Having done so, it then focusses on particular areas of the law of tort, including nuisance, defamation and trespass. It is somewhat anomalous that though most would view these as examples of torts of strict liability, fault considerations have become prominent in their application. This presents an uneasy compromise, where torts that are notionally strict in nature are infused with fault considerations, often through exceptions or defences. This book advocates for further development in the law of tort to better reflect a primarily fault-based approach to liability, at least in the common law. This would make the law of tort more coherent"--
Honore (formerly civil law, Oxford U.) develops themes implicit in his and Herbert Hart's 1985 Causation in the Law. In seven essays, he proposes a theory of outcome responsibility that finds intervening in the world to be sufficient to make someone responsible. To act and be responsible is to take risks, he says, so that responsibility can be a matter of luck rather than fault or merit. US distribution is by ISBS. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
The Economic Structure of Tort Law by William M. Landes,Richard A. Posner Pdf
Written by a lawyer and an economist, this is the first full-length economic study of tort law--the body of law that governs liability for accidents and for intentional wrongs such as battery and defamation. Landes and Posner propose that tort law is best understood as a system for achieving an efficient allocation of resources to safety--that, on the whole, rules and doctrines of tort law encourage the optimal investment in safety by potential injurers and potential victims. The book contains both a comprehensive description of the major doctrines of tort law and a series of formal economic models used to explore the economic properties of these doctrines. All the formal models are translated into simple commonsense terms so that the "math less" reader can follow the text without difficulty; legal jargon is also avoided, for the sake of economists and other readers not trained in the law. Although the primary focus is on explaining existing doctrines rather than on exploring their implementation by juries, insurance adjusters, and other "real world" actors, the book has obvious pertinence to the ongoing controversies over damage awards, insurance rates and availability, and reform of tort law-in fact it is an essential prerequisite to sound reform. Among other timely topics, the authors discuss punitive damage awards in products liability cases, the evolution of products liability law, and the problem of liability for "mass disaster" torts, such as might be produced by a nuclear accident. More generally, this book is an important contribution to the "law and economics" movement, the most exciting and controversial development in modern legal education and scholarship, and will become an obligatory reference for all who are concerned with the study of tort law.
The Boundaries of Strict Liability in European Tort Law by Franz Werro,Vernon V. Palmer Pdf
"In the light of twelve reports from different European jurisdictions, the present volume offers case studies covering among others liability of parents, of employers, of property owners, medical liability, product liability, and motorist liability. Achieving an unprecedented synthesis, this book should be of interest not only to those who work on European law reform projects, but also to those who practice private tort law and seek a better understanding of the foundations of liability, both on a national and an international level."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Cases and Materials on Torts by Richard A. Epstein,Catherine M. Sharkey Pdf
Concise yet comprehensive Cases and Materials on Torts gives 1Ls a solid foundation in the historical evolution of doctrine and social and economic theory to apply to contemporary issues facing courts. Cases and Materials on Torts preserves historical and conceptual continuity between the present and the past, while addressing the most significant contemporary controversy in fast-moving areas like public nuisance, global warming, products liability, and new litigation against internet providers. Towards our dual ends, the Thirteenth Edition retains the great older cases, both English and American, that have proved themselves time and again in the classroom, and which continue to exert great influence on the modern law. This book also provides a rich exploration of the dominant corrective justice and deterrence (or prevention of harm) approaches to tort law, as exemplified both in the retained and new cases and materials. New to the Thirteenth Edition: ● Developments at the cutting edge of public nuisance law, including the opioids crisis, global warming, and the sale of guns. ● Expanded consideration of the duties of online platforms, as illustrated by vicarious liability against Uber; products liability against Snapchat for defective algorithmic design and against Amazon for sale of defective goods; and novel claims of affirmative duties to rescue on Facebook and rideshare companies. ● Developments in drug litigation, including duties to report adverse events to regulators post-approval and “innovator liability” on brand-name manufacturers for failure to warn by generic manufacturers. ● Recent transformations in setting of compensatory damage awards, with the addition of draft materials of the Restatement (Third) of Torts: Remedies, including matters relating to race and gender. ● A more streamlined casebook appropriate for a comprehensive 1L Torts course. Professors and students will benefit from: ● Clear organizational framework of the book ● Important historical lines of cases that help understand legal reasoning and the evolution of precedent ● Inclusion of key academic commentary and elaboration of central intellectual disputes over the nature and function of the tort law ● Extensive notes with topic headlines that elaborate basic concepts through relevant cases, both old and new, that help shape the most complex contemporary issues facing courts ● Great attention given to cutting edge tort developments
These highly original essays develop themes implicit in Herbert Hart and the author's 'Causation in the Law', 2nd ed. 1985;. Why should we be held responsible for the harm we cause? Honoré; proposes a theory of responsibility, 'outcome responsibility', according to which, to be responsible, it is sufficient to have intervened in the world. To act and to be responsible is to assume certain risks, so that responsibility can be a matter of luck rather than fault or merit. Whether responsibility carries with it moral blame or legal liability is an important but secondary question. With the help of this theory he explains the moral basis of strict liability and of tort law in general; shows when there is a moral difference between positive acts and omissions; and indicates the extent to which the circumstances that cause a wrongdoer to do wrong should affect his responsibility.
Author : Kenneth S. Abraham Publisher : West Publishing Company Page : 320 pages File Size : 52,9 Mb Release : 1997 Category : Law ISBN : STANFORD:36105061907239
The Forms and Functions of Tort Law by Kenneth S. Abraham Pdf
Every student of tort law can benefit from a concise analysis of the cases and the issues that are covered in the course. [The author] covers all the major cases and the issues they raise, not only explaining the cases themselves, but also analyzing their implications. This book addresses both rules and policy, giving the student an indispensable advantage. Here you will find the key to understanding all the principal areas of tort law. -Back cover. Although [the author] expects that the book will be used mainly by first-year law students, it may also be of use to upper-class students and practitioners seeking an overview of a particular area of tort law. -Pref.
"This Nutshell provides a comprehensive explanation of the basic principles and rules of American tort law as it exists today. This Nutshell has been used for over twenty-five years by law students, law graduates preparing for the bar exam, and others seeking an overview of tort topics. Coverage includes intentional torts and defenses, negligence and its defenses, strict liability, special liability rules for particular activities (such as landowners? liability, products liability, employers, employees, and contractors, and others), damages, the relation between tort and contract, immunities, survival and wrongful death, defamation, privacy, and misrepresentation. The introductory chapter provides background on the definitional dilemma; functions, goals and justifications of tort law; the evolution of tort law; and the roles of judges and juries. Citations to the Restatement of Torts are included. Discussions frequently include not only the rule but also its rationale for a clearer understanding and to aid memory."
Bringing new institutional, feminist, & critical perspectives on the torts systems to this thorough revision of his successful reader, renowned torts scholar Robert Rabin gives your students interesting insight into the wide variety of views of modern tort law. Drawing on the most intellectually interesting contributions to literature, the new edition continues to offer a balance between classic articles by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Richard A. Posner, & Guido Calabresi, & contemporary selections focusing on new perspectives. The new perspectives include: institutional ("Expanding the Negligence Concept: Retreat from the Rule of Law" by James A. Henderson, Jr.) feminist ("Women, Mothers, & the Law of Fright" by Martha Chamallas with Linda K. Kerber) critical ("A Critique of Torts" by Richard L. Abel) The Fourth Edition also features a new chapter covering damages. Other changes include adding the role of liability insurance in tort litigation to the final chapter on no-fault alternatives to the present system. PERSPECTIVES ON TORT LAW, Fourth Edition, opens with four chapters on the rationale, history, process, & doctrine of tort law. Five subsequent chapters focus on the continuing process of reevaluation & change, including historical, moral, economic, & other perspectives. Whether you use this affordable paperback as a supplement to your torts seminar, you will want to incorporate Rabin's superb reader into your course. PERSPECTIVES ON TORT LAW, Fourth Edition, can give your students a deeper understanding of the torts process.
Cases and Materials on Torts by Richard A. Epstein,Catherine M. Sharkey Pdf
Buy a new version of this textbook and receive access to the Connected eBook with Study Center on Casebook Connect, including lifetime access to the online ebook with highlight, annotation, and search capabilities. Access also includes practice questions, an outline tool, and other helpful resources. Connected eBooks provide what you need most to be successful in your law school classes. Concise yet comprehensive Torts Casebook gives 1Ls a solid foundation in the historical evolution of doctrine and social and economic theory to apply to contemporary issues facing courts. Cases and Materials on Torts preserves historical and conceptual continuity between the present and the past, while addressing the most significant contemporary controversy in fast-moving areas like public nuisance, global warming, products liability, and new litigation against internet providers. Towards our dual ends, the Thirteenth Edition retains the great older cases, both English and American, that have proved themselves time and again in the classroom, and which continue to exert great influence on the modern law. This book also provides a rich exploration of the dominant corrective justice and deterrence (or prevention of harm) approaches to tort law, as exemplified both in the retained and new cases and materials. New to the Thirteenth Edition: ● Developments at the cutting edge of public nuisance law, including the opioids crisis, global warming, and the sale of guns. ● Expanded consideration of the duties of online platforms, as illustrated by vicarious liability against Uber; products liability against Snapchat for defective algorithmic design and against Amazon for sale of defective goods; and novel claims of affirmative duties to rescue on Facebook and rideshare companies. ● Developments in drug litigation, including duties to report adverse events to regulators post-approval and “innovator liability” on brand-name manufacturers for failure to warn by generic manufacturers. ● Recent transformations in setting of compensatory damage awards, with the addition of draft materials of the Restatement (Third) of Torts: Remedies, including matters relating to race and gender. ● A more streamlined casebook appropriate for a comprehensive 1L Torts course. Professors and students will benefit from: ● Clear organizational framework of the book ● Important historical lines of cases that help understand legal reasoning and the evolution of precedent ● Inclusion of key academic commentary and elaboration of central intellectual disputes over the nature and function of the tort law ● Extensive notes with topic headlines that elaborate basic concepts through relevant cases, both old and new, that help shape the most complex contemporary issues facing courts ● Great attention given to cutting edge tort developments
Justifying Strict Liability by Marco Cappelletti Pdf
The imposition of strict liability in tort law is controversial, and its theoretical foundations are the object of vigorous debate. Why do or should we impose strict liability on employers for the torts committed by their employees, or on a person for the harm caused by their children, animals, activities, or things? In responding to this type of questions, legal actors rely on a wide variety of justifications. Justifying Strict Liability explores, in a comparative perspective, the most significant arguments that are put forward to justify the imposition of strict liability in four legal systems, two common law, England and the United States, and two civil law, France and Italy. These justifications include: risk, accident avoidance, the 'deep pockets' argument, loss-spreading, victim protection, reduction in administrative costs, and individual responsibility. By looking at how these arguments are used across the four legal systems, this book considers a variety of patterns which characterise the reasoning on strict liability. The book also assesses the justificatory weight of the arguments, showing that these can assume varying significance in the four jurisdictions and that such variations reflect different views as to the values and goals which inspire strict liability and tort law more generally. Overall, the book seeks to improve our understanding of strict liability, to shed light on the justifications for its imposition, and to enhance our understanding of the different tort cultures featuring in the four legal systems studied.
