The Evolution Of Individuality

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The Evolution of Individuality

Leo W. Buss
The Evolution of Individuality Book PDF

Author : Leo W. Buss
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2014-07-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400858712

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The Evolution of Individuality by Leo W. Buss Pdf

Leo Buss expounds a general theory of development through a simple hierarchical extension of the synthetic theory of evolution. He perceives innovations in development to have evolved in ancestral organisms where the germ line was not closed to genetic variation arising during the course of ontogeny. Originally published in 1988. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

From Groups to Individuals

Frederic Bouchard,Philippe Huneman
From Groups to Individuals Book PDF

Author : Frederic Bouchard,Philippe Huneman
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262313452

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From Groups to Individuals by Frederic Bouchard,Philippe Huneman Pdf

The biological and philosophical implications of the emergence of new collective individuals from associations of living beings. Our intuitive assumption that only organisms are the real individuals in the natural world is at odds with developments in cell biology, ecology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and other fields. Although organisms have served for centuries as nature's paradigmatic individuals, science suggests that organisms are only one of the many ways in which the natural world could be organized. When living beings work together—as in ant colonies, beehives, and bacteria-metazoan symbiosis—new collective individuals can emerge. In this book, leading scholars consider the biological and philosophical implications of the emergence of these new collective individuals from associations of living beings. The topics they consider range from metaphysical issues to biological research on natural selection, sociobiology, and symbiosis. The contributors investigate individuality and its relationship to evolution and the specific concept of organism; the tension between group evolution and individual adaptation; and the structure of collective individuals and the extent to which they can be defined by the same concept of individuality. These new perspectives on evolved individuality should trigger important revisions to both philosophical and biological conceptions of the individual. Contributors Frédéric Bouchard, Ellen Clarke, Jennifer Fewell, Andrew Gardner, Peter Godfrey-Smith, Charles J. Goodnight, Matt Haber, Andrew Hamilton, Philippe Huneman, Samir Okasha, Thomas Pradeu, Scott Turner, Minus van Baalen

Biological Individuality

Scott Lidgard,Lynn K Nyhart
Biological Individuality Book PDF

Author : Scott Lidgard,Lynn K Nyhart
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226446592

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Biological Individuality by Scott Lidgard,Lynn K Nyhart Pdf

Individuals are things that everybody knows—or thinks they do. Yet even scholars who practice or analyze the biological sciences often cannot agree on what an individual is and why. One reason for this disagreement is that the many important biological individuality concepts serve very different purposes—defining, classifying, or explaining living structure, function, interaction, persistence, or evolution. Indeed, as the contributors to Biological Individuality reveal, nature is too messy for simple definitions of this concept, organisms too quirky in the diverse ways they reproduce, function, and interact, and human ideas about individuality too fraught with philosophical and historical meaning. Bringing together biologists, historians, and philosophers, this book provides a multifaceted exploration of biological individuality that identifies leading and less familiar perceptions of individuality both past and present, what they are good for, and in what contexts. Biological practice and theory recognize individuals at myriad levels of organization, from genes to organisms to symbiotic systems. We depend on these notions of individuality to address theoretical questions about multilevel natural selection and Darwinian fitness; to illuminate empirical questions about development, function, and ecology; to ground philosophical questions about the nature of organisms and causation; and to probe historical and cultural circumstances that resonate with parallel questions about the nature of society. Charting an interdisciplinary research agenda that broadens the frameworks in which biological individuality is discussed, this book makes clear that in the realm of the individual, there is not and should not be a direct path from biological paradigms based on model organisms through to philosophical generalization and historical reification.

The Christian Roots of Individualism

Maureen P. Heath
The Christian Roots of Individualism Book PDF

Author : Maureen P. Heath
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-28
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9783030300890

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The Christian Roots of Individualism by Maureen P. Heath Pdf

The modern West has made the focus on individuality, individual freedom, and self-identity central to its self-definition, and these concepts have been crucially shaped by Christianity. This book surveys how the birth of the Christian worldview affected the evolution of individualism in Western culture as a cultural meme. Applying a biological metaphor and Richard Dawkins’ definition of a meme, this work argues the advent of individualism was not a sudden innovation of the Renaissance or the Enlightenment, but a long evolution with characteristic traits. This evolution can be mapped using profiles of individuals in different historical eras who contributed to the modern notion of individualism. Utilizing excerpts from original works from Augustine to Nietzsche, a compelling narrative arises from the slow but steady evolution of the modern self. The central argument is that Christianity, with its characteristic inwardness, was fundamental in the development of a sense of self as it affirmed the importance of the everyday man and everyday life.

Pathways to Individuality

Arnold H. Buss
Pathways to Individuality Book PDF

Author : Arnold H. Buss
Publisher : Amer Psychological Assn
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 143381031X

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Pathways to Individuality by Arnold H. Buss Pdf

In Pathways to Individuality, veteran researcher and scholar Arnold Buss examines the personality traits we share with other animals-and those that set us apart from other animals, the social traits that make us distinctly human. Within those general social traits, there's much variability, as Buss explains in this new book, usually differentiated during the crucial periods of human development-and that's what makes us individuals. Humans make up the only species that has an extended period of childhood-we play and explore more than other animals-during which our human traits become canalized and differentiated: Our early interactions with our social environment influence and sharpen the neural and behavioral pathways that distinguish our distinct individuality. In turn, we seek to influence those environments we are drawn to and that help shape our individuality. Drawing from his own published research over a half-century of teaching and writing on personality, Buss masterfully summarizes key theories and recent advances in the study of temperament (aggression, dominance, etc.), the self (self-conscious shyness, self-esteem, identity), and abnormal behavior and style as crucial dimensions in understanding personality and individual differences.

Evolution and Individuality; Beyond the Genetically Homogeneous Organism

Henry Joseph Folse (III.)
Evolution and Individuality Beyond the Genetically Homogeneous Organism Book PDF

Author : Henry Joseph Folse (III.)
Publisher : Stanford University
Page : 147 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Electronic
ISBN : STANFORD:hw284jq9925

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Evolution and Individuality; Beyond the Genetically Homogeneous Organism by Henry Joseph Folse (III.) Pdf

In the first chapter, we argue that an individual organism ought not to be defined in terms of genetic homogeneity, but rather by the evolutionary criteria of the alignment of fitness interests, the export of fitness due to interdependence for survival and reproduction, and adaptive functional organization. We consider how these concepts apply to various putative individual organisms, review the costs and benefits of intraorganismal genetic heterogeneity, and demonstrate that high relatedness is neither necessary nor sufficient for individuality. In the second chapter, we model the benefits and costs of genetic mosaicism for a long-lived tree in coevolution with a short-lived pest. We demonstrate benefits of mosaicism for trees at both the individual and population levels when somatic mutation introduces new defenses. In the third chapter, we develop a game theoretic model of the decision to reject or fuse with a potential partner in a colonial ascidian, based on weighing costs and benefits of fusion. We find that once fused, the interactions between cell lineages are cooperative in the soma, but competitive in the germline.

The Individual in the Animal Kingdom

Julian S. Huxley
The Individual in the Animal Kingdom Book PDF

Author : Julian S. Huxley
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2022-04-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262045377

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The Individual in the Animal Kingdom by Julian S. Huxley Pdf

The groundbreaking first book by a major evolutionary biologist, published in 1912, that anticipated current thinking about organismal complexity. Julian Huxley’s The Individual in the Animal Kingdom, published in 1912, is a concise and groundbreaking work that is almost entirely unknown today. In it, Huxley analyzes the evolutionary advances in life’s organizational complexity, anticipating many of today’s ideas about changes in individuality. Huxley’s overarching system of concepts and his coherent logical principles were so far ahead of their time that they remain valid to this day. In part, this is because his explicitly Darwinian approach carefully distinguished between the integrated form and function of hierarchies within organisms and loosely defined, nonorganismal ecological communities. In The Individual in the Animal Kingdom, we meet a youthful Huxley who uses his commanding knowledge of natural history to develop a nonreductionist account of life’s complexity that aligns with seminal early insights by Darwin, Wallace, Weismann, and Wheeler. As volume editors Richard Gawne and Jacobus Boomsma point out, this work disappeared into oblivion despite its relevance for contemporary research on organismal complexity and major evolutionary transitions. This MIT Press edition gives Huxley’s book a second hearing, offering readers a unique vantage point on the discoveries of evolutionary biology past and present.

The Selfish Gene

Richard Dawkins
The Selfish Gene Book PDF

Author : Richard Dawkins
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0192860925

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The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins Pdf

Science need not be dull and bogged down by jargon, as Richard Dawkins proves in this entertaining look at evolution. The themes he takes up are the concepts of altruistic and selfish behaviour; the genetical definition of selfish interest; the evolution of aggressive behaviour; kinshiptheory; sex ratio theory; reciprocal altruism; deceit; and the natural selection of sex differences. 'Should be read, can be read by almost anyone. It describes with great skill a new face of the theory of evolution.' W.D. Hamilton, Science

Individuality and Entanglement

Herbert Gintis
Individuality and Entanglement Book PDF

Author : Herbert Gintis
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2016-11-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780691172910

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Individuality and Entanglement by Herbert Gintis Pdf

A richly transdisciplinary account of some fundamental characteristics of human societies and behavior In this book, acclaimed economist Herbert Gintis ranges widely across many fields—including economics, psychology, anthropology, sociology, moral philosophy, and biology—to provide a rigorous transdisciplinary explanation of some fundamental characteristics of human societies and social behavior. Because such behavior can be understood only through transdisciplinary research, Gintis argues, Individuality and Entanglement advances the effort to unify the behavioral sciences by developing a shared analytical framework—one that bridges research on gene-culture coevolution, the rational-actor model, game theory, and complexity theory. At the same time, the book persuasively demonstrates the rich possibilities of such transdisciplinary work. Everything distinctive about human social life, Gintis argues, flows from the fact that we construct and then play social games. Indeed, society itself is a game with rules, and politics is the arena in which we affirm and change these rules. Individuality is central to our species because the rules do not change through inexorable macrosocial forces. Rather, individuals band together to change the rules. Our minds are also socially entangled, producing behavior that is socially rational, although it violates the standard rules of individually rational choice. Finally, a moral sense is essential for playing games with socially constructed rules. People generally play by the rules, are ashamed when they break the rules, and are offended when others break the rules, even in societies that lack laws, government, and jails. Throughout the book, Gintis shows that it is only by bringing together the behavioral sciences that such basic aspects of human behavior can be understood.

The Heart of History

John Weir Perry
The Heart of History Book PDF

Author : John Weir Perry
Publisher : SUNY Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1987-01-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0887063993

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The Heart of History by John Weir Perry Pdf

This book is about the psychology of acute culture change based on the historical antecedents of such events. It focuses on the spiritual process and the social circumstances of stressful turning points.

Biological Individuality

Scott Lidgard,Lynn K. Nyhart
Biological Individuality Book PDF

Author : Scott Lidgard,Lynn K. Nyhart
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226446455

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Biological Individuality by Scott Lidgard,Lynn K. Nyhart Pdf

Introduction: working together on individuality / Lynn K. Nyhart and Scott Lidgard -- The work of biological individuality: concepts and contexts / Scott Lidgard and Lynn K. Nyhart -- Cells, colonies, and clones: individuality in the volvocine algae / Matthew D. Herron -- Individuality and the control of life cycles / Beckett Sterner -- Discovering the ties that bind: cell-cell communication and the development of cell sociology / Andrew S. Reynolds -- Alternation of generations and individuality, 1851 / Lynn K. Nyhart and Scott Lidgard -- Spencer's evolutionary entanglement: from liminal individuals to implicit collectivities / Snait Gissis -- Biological individuality and enkapsis: from Martin Heidenhain's synthesiology to the völkisch national community / Olivier Rieppel -- Parasitology, zoology, and society in France, ca. 1880-1920 / Michael A. Osborne -- Metabolism, autonomy, and individuality / Hannah Landecker -- Bodily parts in the structure-function dialectic / Ingo Brigandt -- Commentaries: historical, biological, and philosophical perspectives -- Distrust that particular intuition: resilient essentialisms and empirical challenges in the history of biological individuality / James Elwick -- Biological individuality: a relational reading / Scott F. Gilbert -- Philosophical dimensions of individuality / Alan C. Love and Ingo Brigandt

Pathways to Individuality

Arnold H. Buss
Pathways to Individuality Book PDF

Author : Arnold H. Buss
Publisher : American Psychological Association (APA)
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : FAMILY & RELATIONSHIPS
ISBN : 1433810328

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Pathways to Individuality by Arnold H. Buss Pdf

"This book is about the development of personality from an evolutionary perspective. The focus is mainly on personality traits, so let me start by discussing basic issues involving traits. This book consists mainly of my perspectives on various aspects of personality. For example, I have a particular approach to the role of evolution in personality, to temperament, and to the self. However, other perspectives must be respected, and they are offered in summary form at the end of chapters, starting with Chapter 3. My conceptions and those of others are complementary and therefore offer a more complete understanding of major areas of personality. The book closes with an epilogue, a summing up and integration of what has gone before"--Introduction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).

Evolution and the Levels of Selection

Samir Okasha
Evolution and the Levels of Selection Book PDF

Author : Samir Okasha
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2006-11-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191533211

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Evolution and the Levels of Selection by Samir Okasha Pdf

Does natural selection act primarily on individual organisms, on groups, on genes, or on whole species? Samir Okasha provides a comprehensive analysis of the debate in evolutionary biology over the levels of selection, focusing on conceptual, philosophical and foundational questions. A systematic framework is developed for thinking about natural selection acting at multiple levels of the biological hierarchy; the framework is then used to help resolve outstanding issues. Considerable attention is paid to the concept of causality as it relates to the levels of selection, in particular the idea that natural selection at one hierarchical level can have effects that 'filter' up or down to other levels. Unlike previous work in this area by philosophers of science, full account is taken of the recent biological literature on 'major evolutionary transitions' and the recent resurgence of interest in multi-level selection theory among biologists. Other biological topics discussed include Price's equation, kin and group selection, the gene's eye view, evolutionary game theory, outlaws and selfish genetic elements, species and clade selection, and the evolution of individuality. Philosophical topics discussed include reductionism and holism, causation and correlation, the nature of hierarchical organization, and realism and pluralism.

The Evolution of Personality and Individual Differences

David M. Buss
The Evolution of Personality and Individual Differences Book PDF

Author : David M. Buss
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 519 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780195372090

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The Evolution of Personality and Individual Differences by David M. Buss Pdf

Capturing a scientific change in thinking about personality and individual differences, this volume provides theories and empirical evidence which suggest that personality and individual differences are central to evolved psychological mechanisms and behavioural functioning.

Phenotypic Plasticity & Evolution

David W. Pfennig
Phenotypic Plasticity Evolution Book PDF

Author : David W. Pfennig
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 479 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2021-05-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000387582

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Phenotypic Plasticity & Evolution by David W. Pfennig Pdf

Phenotypic plasticity – the ability of an individual organism to alter its features in direct response to a change in its environment – is ubiquitous. Understanding how and why this phenomenon exists is crucial because it unites all levels of biological inquiry. This book brings together researchers who approach plasticity from diverse perspectives to explore new ideas and recent findings about the causes and consequences of plasticity. Contributors also discuss such controversial topics as how plasticity shapes ecological and evolutionary processes; whether specific plastic responses can be passed to offspring; and whether plasticity has left an important imprint on the history of life. Importantly, each chapter highlights key questions for future research. Drawing on numerous studies of plasticity in natural populations of plants and animals, this book aims to foster greater appreciation for this important, but frequently misunderstood phenomenon. Key Features Written in an accessible style with numerous illustrations, including many in color Reviews the history of the study of plasticity, including Darwin’s views Most chapters conclude with recommendations for future research