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Author : Pamela R. Willoughby
Publisher : Rowman Altamira
Page : 470 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Science
ISBN : 0759101191
A fascinating, detailed study of the origins of modern humans. Includes material from Willoughby's own research in Tanzania.
Author : Sally C. Reynolds,Andrew Gallagher
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 599 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2012-03-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107019959
This book reviews key themes and developments in palaeoanthropology, exploring their impact on our understanding of human origins in Africa.
Author : Chris Stringer,Robin McKie
Publisher : Henry Holt and Company
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2015-07-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9781627797498
A Choice Outstanding Academic Book A Library Journal Best Sci-Tech Book A New York Times Notable Book Once in a generation a book such as African Exodus emerges to transform the way we see ourselves. This landmark book, which argues that our genes betray the secret of a single racial stock shared by all of modern humanity, has set off one of the most bitter debates in contemporary science. "We emerged out of Africa," the authors cont, "less than 100,000 years ago and replaced all other human populations." Employing persuasive fossil and genetic evidence (the proof is in the blood, not just the bones) and an exceptionally readable style, Stringer and McKie challenge long-held beliefs that suggest we evolved separately as different races with genetic roots reaching back two million years.
Author : Martin Meredith
Publisher : PublicAffairs
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2011-05-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781586488383
Africa does not give up its secrets easily. Buried there lie answers about the origins of humankind. After a century of investigation, scientists have transformed our understanding about the beginnings of human life. But vital clues still remain hidden. In Born in Africa, Martin Meredith follows the trail of discoveries about human origins made by scientists over the last hundred years, recounting their intense rivalry, personal feuds, and fierce controversies as well as their feats of skill and endurance. The results have been momentous. Scientists have identified more than twenty species of extinct humans. They have firmly established Africa as the birthplace not only of humankind but also of modern humans. They have revealed how early technology, language ability, and artistic endeavour all originated in Africa; and they have shown how small groups of Africans spread out from Africa in an exodus sixty thousand years ago to populate the rest of the world. We have all inherited an African past.
Author : John F. Hoffecker
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2017-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780231543743
Modern Humans is a vivid account of the most recent—and perhaps the most important—phase of human evolution: the appearance of anatomically modern people (Homo sapiens) in Africa less than half a million years ago and their later spread throughout the world. Leaving no stone unturned, John F. Hoffecker demonstrates that Homo sapiens represents a “major transition” in the evolution of living systems in terms of fundamental changes in the role of non-genetic information. Modern Humans synthesizes recent findings from genetics (including the rapidly growing body of ancient DNA), the human fossil record, and archaeology relating to the African origin and global dispersal of anatomically modern people. Hoffecker places humans in the broad context of the evolution of life, emphasizing the critical role of genetic and non-genetic forms of information in living systems as well as how changes in the storage, transmission, and translation of information underlie major transitions in evolution. He also draws on information and complexity theory to explain the emergence of Homo sapiens in Africa several hundred thousand years ago and the rapid and unprecedented spread of our species into a variety of environments in Australia and Eurasia, including the Arctic and Beringia, beginning between 75,000 and 60,000 years ago. This magisterial work will appeal to all with an interest in the ever-fascinating field of human evolution.
Author : Rebecca Stefoff
Publisher : Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2010-01-15
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9780761446323
"Describes the rise of modern humans, Homo sapiens, including the theories about our origins and how we spread throughout the world, with information based on the latest fossil and DNA studies"--Provided by publisher.
Author : Thomas Litt,Jürgen Richter,Frank Schäbitz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2021-12-07
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3510655346
The authors shed new light on the time frame and pathways used by Homo sapiens on its journey from Africa to Europe and provides new insights into the intricate interplay of culture and environment during the past 200,000 years. The new findings also take into account the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental history of East, North-East and North-West Africa, the Middle East, South-East and Central Europe as well as the Iberian Peninsula. The book is a compilation of the key results of a multidisciplinary research project (CRC 806, funded by the German Research Foundation DFG) which studied the dispersal of anatomical modern humans from Africa to Europe. The findings presented here are based on a wealth of new data of recent, intensive studies of archaeological sites, lake sediments and Loess archives which were dated using radiocarbon, luminescence, Uranium/Thorium and paleomagnetic methods. Models based on recent ethnological findings from Africa sharpen our understanding of the possible mixing of societies in the past. Moreover, complex algorithms such as the "Human Dispersal Model" which describes the expansion of hunter-gatherer societies and population development are presented for South-Eastern to Central Europe between 45,000 and 25,000 years ago. Last but not least, educational theories, teaching material and an Open Educational Resource are presented to facilitate the integration of the results from CRC 806 into school-class lectures and to foster competencies in argumentation and comparison. The data presented in this volume are a valuable reference for experts in archaeology, geosciences, anthropology and ethnology including life-science students and academics. The book may be used as a textbook for graduate and undergraduate students, for interested school teachers and the public. It should be attractive and relevant to all readers interested in understanding the pre-history of our own species, their migration routes and motivation to migrate, triggered by complex interactions of their culture and environment.
Author : Fred H. Smith,James C. Ahern
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 585 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-07-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118659908
This update to the award-winning The Origins of Modern Humans: A World Survey of the Fossil Evidence covers the most accepted common theories concerning the emergence of modern Homo sapiens adding fresh insight from top young scholars on the key new discoveries of the past 25 years. The Origins of Modern Humans: Biology Reconsidered allows field leaders to discuss and assess the assemblage of hominid fossil material in each region of the world during the Pleistocene epoch. It features new fossil and molecular evidence, such as the evolutionary inferences drawn from assessments of modern humans and large segments of the Neandertal genome. It also addresses the impact of digital imagery and the more sophisticated morphometrics that have entered the analytical fray since 1984. Beginning with a thoughtful introduction by the authors on modern human origins, the book offers such insightful chapter contributions as: Africa: The Cradle of Modern People Crossroads of the Old World: Late Hominin Evolution in Western Asia A River Runs through It: Modern Human Origins in East Asia Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Australians Modern Human Origins in Central Europe The Makers of the Early Upper Paleolithic in Western Eurasia Neandertal Craniofacial Growth and Development and Its Relevance for Modern Human Origins Energetics and the Origin of Modern Humans Understanding Human Cranial Variation in Light of Modern Human Origins The Relevance of Archaic Genomes to Modern Human Origins The Process of Modern Human Origins: The Evolutionary and Demographic Changes Giving Rise to Modern Humans The Paleobiology of Modern Human Emergence Elegant and thought provoking, The Origins of Modern Humans: Biology Reconsidered is an ideal read for students, grad students, and professionals in human evolution and paleoanthropology.
Author : Bruce R. Fenton
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1370295634
70,000 years ago, two new haplogroups appeared in East Africa, the L3 mtDNA lineage and the CT Y-chromosomal lineage. Almost all non-Africans can trace their maternal and paternal ancestry from these two lines. This understanding establishes the earliest possible dating for an African migration event populating Eurasia and America.Archaeological evidence places modern humans in Australasia earlier than 70,000 years ago. Genetic research confirms that Australasian Aboriginal populations are descended from the HgL3 and HgCT lineages and stem from the same founding population as do modern Asians and Europeans. One theory that attempted to explain this all away by involving multiple waves of migrants has recently collapsed under the weight of the contrary evidence.Archaeological sites in the Levant, Middle East, China and India all offer evidence of a previous colonisation of the Eurasian continent by modern humans long before the children of HgL3 and HgCT took possession of the world. What happened to these first people? Why don't we carry their genes today?Modern humans as we know them today bear traces of extinct relatives in their genome. We are left to wonder what brought about the end of the world for Neanderthals, Denisovans, Floresiensis and other yet to be named hominins. Why did our ancestors encounter an almost empty continent as they moved through Eurasia?During the last few years, a series of incredible discoveries have finally provided the evidence required to answer these and other profoundly important questions of our mysterious human origins.It is now possible to pinpoint the precise moment that doom fell upon the first modern humans of Eurasia in the form of a natural cataclysm that equally devastating for the Neanderthals and Denisovans. The myth of the aggressive conquering migrants from Africa killing their cousins is at last exposed for what it is, a sham, a wild guess with no scientific basis.Perhaps the first wave of modern humans entering Europe and Asia began their journey in Africa 200,000 - 150,000 years ago, but the recolonisation of Eurasia 70,000 - 60,000 years ago started from Australasia.This book calls for a paradigm displacement, but such a bold request requires detailed evidence. The only question remaining now is, whether you are ready to explore the evidence for yourself and follow the Forgotten Exodus?
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on the Earth System Context for Hominin Evolution
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2010-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309148382
The hominin fossil record documents a history of critical evolutionary events that have ultimately shaped and defined what it means to be human, including the origins of bipedalism; the emergence of our genus Homo; the first use of stone tools; increases in brain size; and the emergence of Homo sapiens, tools, and culture. The Earth's geological record suggests that some evolutionary events were coincident with substantial changes in African and Eurasian climate, raising the possibility that critical junctures in human evolution and behavioral development may have been affected by the environmental characteristics of the areas where hominins evolved. Understanding Climate's Change on Human Evolution explores the opportunities of using scientific research to improve our understanding of how climate may have helped shape our species. Improved climate records for specific regions will be required before it is possible to evaluate how critical resources for hominins, especially water and vegetation, would have been distributed on the landscape during key intervals of hominin history. Existing records contain substantial temporal gaps. The book's initiatives are presented in two major research themes: first, determining the impacts of climate change and climate variability on human evolution and dispersal; and second, integrating climate modeling, environmental records, and biotic responses. Understanding Climate's Change on Human Evolution suggests a new scientific program for international climate and human evolution studies that involve an exploration initiative to locate new fossil sites and to broaden the geographic and temporal sampling of the fossil and archeological record; a comprehensive and integrative scientific drilling program in lakes, lake bed outcrops, and ocean basins surrounding the regions where hominins evolved and a major investment in climate modeling experiments for key time intervals and regions that are critical to understanding human evolution.
Author : Francisco J. Ayala,Camilo J. Cela-Conde
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2017-03-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191060458
The discoveries of the last decade have brought about a completely revised understanding of human evolution due to the recent advances in genetics, palaeontology, ecology, archaeology, geography, and climate science. Written by two leading authorities in the fields of physical anthropology and molecular evolution, Processes in Human Evolution presents a reconsidered overview of hominid evolution, synthesising data and approaches from a range of inter-disciplinary fields. The authors pay particular attention to population migrations - since these are crucial in understanding the origin and dispersion of the different genera and species in each continent - and to the emergence of the lithic cultures and their impact on the evolution of cognitive capacities. Processes in Human Evolution is intended as a primary textbook for university courses on human evolution, and may also be used as supplementary reading in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses. It is also suitable for a more general audience seeking a readable but up-to-date and inclusive treatment of human origins and evolution.
Author : Paul Mellars
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Science
ISBN : 0801426146
Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2018-11-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1729772854
*Includes pictures *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading Most scientists believe the evolution of humans has a history as long as life itself. Anatomically modern humans and all other life that has existed on the planet first came about from the single-celled microorganisms that emerged approximately 4 billion years ago. Through the processes of mutation and natural selection, all forms of life developed, and this continuous lineage of life makes it difficult to say precisely when one species completely separates from another. In other words, scientists still debate when a human became a human rather than the ancestor species that came before. Around 1.8 million years ago, a third species of Homo appeared in the fossil record. H. erectus would have shared the landscape for a time with H. habilis and H. rudolfensis, but the fossils of H. erectus are not limited to eastern and southern Africa. Instead, they are found across Africa and parts of mainland and insular Asia. This is the first species of Homo to be found outside Africa (Rightmire 1993). Features of H. erectus suggest an evolution toward modern humans, and the features which separate H. erectus from the other Homo species are found in the skull. The size of the brain was approximately 900 cc, making it larger than the brain size of H. habilis. H. erectus would not have the largest brain capacity of the Homo genus during its existence, with the emergence of H. heidelbergensis approximately 800,000 years ago. The larger brain size may not matter much when the size of the brain is considered with the size of the body, which also increased. While the facial features of H. erectus would have made them noticeably different if they were alive today, their postcranial morphology may have been similar to modern humans. A key difference is the density or thickness of the bones; in H. erectus the limb bones are more robust, but otherwise they appear very similar to modern humans. The length of the hindlimbs in relation to the arms is similar to modern humans, which means that H. erectus may have been able to walk in a similar way. (Richtmire 1993: 57-84). This may or may not be linked with the widespread distribution of H. erectus. Perhaps more important for H. erectus than simply being able to walk out of Africa would have been the ability to adapt to changing climates and essentially modify the environment around them. Most notably, the major advantage that H. erectus would have had is the ability to control fire. This skill, which no other animal has mastered, helped H. erectus travel across the world, and it may date as far back as 1.7 million years ago to as recently as 200,000 years ago. Most scientists agree that H. erectus was able to control fire by at least 600,000 years ago, and anatomically modern humans were able to create and use fire 150,000 years ago. The early species of Homo would have been familiar with the effects of fire, from the devastation it could cause to jungle habitats to the rapid spreading wildfires of the savanna. These fires would have killed and burned animals that early Homo would have found while scavenging after a natural fire. Homo erectus: The History of the Archaic Humans Who Left Africa and Formed the First Hunter-Gatherer Societies examines how H. erectus evolved, and what their lives were like. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about H. erectus like never before.
Author : Chris Stringer
Publisher : Penguin Books
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Human beings
ISBN : 0141037202
Chris Stringer's bestselling The Origin of our Species tackles the big questions in the ongoing debate about the beginnings of human life on earth. Do all humans originate from Africa? How did we spread across the globe? Are we separate from Neanderthals, or do some of us actually have their genes? When did humans become 'modern' - are traits such as art, technology, language, ritual and belief unique to us? Has human evolution stopped, or are we still evolving? Chris Stringer has been involved in much of the crucial research into the origins of humanity, and here he draws on a wealth of evidence - from fossils and archaeology to Charles Darwin's theories and the mysteries of ancient DNA - to reveal the definitive story of where we came from, how we lived, how we got here and who we are. 'A new way of defining us and our place in history' Sunday Times 'When it comes to human evolution Chris Stringer is as close to the horse's mouth as it gets ... The Origin of Our Species should be the one-stop source on the subject. Read it now' BBC Focus 'Britain's foremost expert on human evolution ... you need a primer to make sense of the story so far. Here is that book' Guardian 'Combines anecdote and speculation with crisp explanation of the latest science in the study of the first humans ... an engaging read' New Scientist Chris Stringer is Britain's foremost expert on human origins and works in the Department of Palaeontology at the Natural History Museum. He also currently directs the Ancient Human Occupation of Britain project, aimed at reconstructing the first detailed history of how and when Britain was occupied by early humans. His previous books include African Exodus- The Origins of Modern Humanity, The Complete World of Human Evolutionand most recently, Homo Britannicus, which was shortlisted for the Royal Society Science Book of the Year in 2007.
Author : Yonatan Sahle,Christian Bentz,Hugo Reyes-Centeno
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-04
Category : Anthropology
ISBN : 3935751303
Despite consensus on Africa's central place in the evolution of our species, the emergence of modern human populations and their dispersal out of the continent remain controversial topics. In this second installment of the DFG Center for Advanced Studies Series, scholars offer mult-disciplinary perspectives, reviews, and original research reports on te mode and timing of anatomical and cultural changes in te human past.
