The Foundations Of Human Behavior

Author : Napoleon Chagnon
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 580 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351329187

Get Book

Adaptation and Human Behavior by Napoleon Chagnon Pdf

This volume presents state-of-the-art empirical studies working in a paradigm that has become known as human behavioral ecology. The emergence of this approach in anthropology was marked by publication by Aldine in 1979 of an earlier collection of studies edited by Chagnon and Irons entitled Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior: An Anthropological Perspective. During the two decades that have passed since then, this innovative approach has matured and expanded into new areas that are explored here. The book opens with an introductory chapter by Chagnon and Irons tracing the origins of human behavioral ecology and its subsequent development. Subsequent chapters, written by both younger scholars and established researchers, cover a wide range of societies and topics organ-ized into six sections. The first section includes two chapters that provide historical background on the development of human behavioral ecology and com-pare it to two complementary approaches in the study of evolution and human behavior, evolutionary psychology, and dual inheritance theory. The second section includes five studies of mating efforts in a variety of societies from South America and Africa. The third section covers parenting, with five studies on soci-eties from Africa, Asia, and North America. The fourth section breaks somewhat with the tradition in human behavioral ecology by focusing on one particularly problematic issue, the demographic transition, using data from Europe, North America, and Asia. The fifth section includes studies of cooperation and helping behaviors, using data from societies in Micronesia and South America. The sixth and final section consists of a single chapter that places the volume in a broader critical and comparative context. The contributions to this volume demonstrate, with a high degree of theoretical and methodological sophistication--the maturity and freshness of this new paradigm in the study of human behavior. The volume will be of interest to anthropologists and other professions working on the study of cross-cultural human behavior.

Author : Josephine F. Wilson
Publisher : Cengage Learning
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Human behavior
ISBN : 0155074865

Get Book

Biological Foundations of Human Behavior by Josephine F. Wilson Pdf

Wilson provides a thorough, engaging introduction to the underlying principles of biological psychology in 16 manageable chapters. Going beyond the typical boundaries, Wilson includes cutting-edge research from molecular biology, neuroscience, psychobiology, and neuropsychology to give the reader a more complete--yet accessible--understanding of the biological bases of human behavior. Wilson also offers a special focus on human behavior and physiology. This focus makes the text unique in the market, as most of the competing books emphasize animal models and include only limited human examples. This new text features an outstanding art program, carefully developed to clarify core concepts. Readers will find that each of Wilson's 16 chapters offers current research findings, an excellent use of everyday examples to make difficult concepts understandable, and pedagogy crafted to help students master the material.

Author : Martin Daly,Margo Wilson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2017-07-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351515269

Get Book

Homicide by Martin Daly,Margo Wilson Pdf

The human race spends a disproportionate amount of attention, money, and expertise in solving, trying, and reporting homicides, as compared to other social problems. The public avidly consumes accounts of real-life homicide cases, and murder fiction is more popular still. Nevertheless, we have only the most rudimentary scientific understanding of who is likely to kill whom and why. Martin Daly and Margo Wilson apply contemporary evolutionary theory to analysis of human motives and perceptions of self-interest, considering where and why individual interests conflict, using well-documented murder cases. This book attempts to understand normal social motives in murder as products of the process of evolution by natural selection. They note that the implications for psychology are many and profound, touching on such matters as parental affection and rejection, sibling rivalry, sex differences in interests and inclinations, social comparison and achievement motives, our sense of justice, lifespan developmental changes in attitudes, and the phenomenology of the self. This is the first volume of its kind to analyze homicides in the light of a theory of interpersonal conflict. Before this study, no one had compared an observed distribution of victim-killer relationships to "expected" distribution, nor asked about the patterns of killer-victim age disparities in familial killings. This evolutionary psychological approach affords a deeper view and understanding of homicidal violence.

Author : Barre Vijaya Prasad
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 179982862X

Get Book

Examining Biological Foundations of Human Behavior by Barre Vijaya Prasad Pdf

Biopsychology is a branch of psychology that analyzes how the brain and neurotransmitters influence our behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. It is a subdivision of behavioral neuroscience that studies the neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experiments. Biopsychology studies many topics relating to the body's response to a behavior or activity in an organism. It concerns the brain cells, structures, components, and chemical interactions that are involved in order to produce actions. Psychologists in this.

Author : Bernard Guerin
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2016-05-20
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317302407

Get Book

How to Rethink Human Behavior by Bernard Guerin Pdf

Developed from the author’s long teaching career, How to Rethink Human Behavior aims to cultivate practical skills in human observation and analysis, rather than offer a catalogue of immutable ‘facts’. It synthesizes key psychological concepts with insights from other disciplines, including sociology, social anthropology, economics, and history. The skills detailed in the book will help readers to observe people in their contexts and to analyze what they observe, in order to make better sense of why people do what they do, say what they say, and think what they think. These methods can also be applied to our own thoughts, talk and actions - not as something we control from ‘within’ but as events constantly being shaped by the idiosyncratic social, cultural, economic and other contexts in which our lives are immersed. Whether teaching, studying, or reading for pleasure, this book will help readers learn: How to think about people with ecological or contextual thinking How your thinking is a conversation with other people How to analyze talk and conversations as social strategies How capitalist economies change how you act, talk and think in 25 ways How living in modern society can be linked to generalized anxiety and depression How to Rethink Human Behavior is important interdisciplinary reading for students and researchers in all fields of social science, and will especially appeal to those interested in mental health. It has also been written for the general reading public who enjoy exploring new ideas and skills in understanding themselves and other people.

Author : Eldar Shafir
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 532 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780691137568

Get Book

The Behavioral Foundations of Public Policy by Eldar Shafir Pdf

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 19??
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:923293752

Get Book

Biological Foundations of Human Behavior by Anonim Pdf

Author : Lewis F. Petrinovich
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0202369501

Get Book

The Cannibal Within by Lewis F. Petrinovich Pdf

The Cannibal Within offers an evolutionary account of the propensity of human beings, in extreme circumstances to eat other human beings, despite the strong Western taboo against such practices. What sets this volume apart from the large body of literature on cannibalism, both popular and anthropological, is the underlying premise: cannibalism as an alternative to starvation is tacitly condoned by the same biological morality that would condemn cannibalism of other sorts in non-threatening situations. Deep as the taboos may be, the survival instinct runs even deeper. The title of the book reflects the author's belief that cannibalism is not a pathology that erupts in psychotic individuals, but is a universal adaptive strategy that is evolutionarily sound. The cannibal is within all of us, and cannibals are within all cultures, should the circumstances demand cannibalism's appearance and usage. Petrinovich's work is rich in historical detail, and rises to a level of theoretical sophistication in addressing a subject too often dealt with in sensationalist terms. The major instances in which survival cannibalism has occurred convinced the author that there is a consistent pattern and a uniform regularity of order in which different kinds of individuals are consumed. In considering who eats whom, when, and under what circumstances, this regularity appears, and it is consistent with what would be expected on the basis of evolutionary or Darwinian theory. In short, he concludes that starvation cannibalism is not a manifestation of the chaotic, psychotic behavior of individuals who are driven to madness, but reveals underlying characteristics of evolved human beings. Lewis Petrinovich is professor emeritus in the Department of Psychology of the University of California, Riverside and is currently a resident of Berkeley, California.

Author : Timothy P. Melchert
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2020-04-28
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780128164266

Get Book

Foundations of Health Service Psychology by Timothy P. Melchert Pdf

Foundations of Health Service Psychology 2e describes a comprehensive science-based approach to the clinical practice of psychology. It systematically applies scientific advances in understanding human psychology to updating the conceptual frameworks used for education, practice, and research in health service psychology. This new edition includes significant elaboration on recent research. Neural and behavioral science research regarding many aspects of cognition, emotion, and behavior has strengthened substantially over the past decade as has the role of evolutionary theory for understanding why humans are "designed” the way we are. The movement toward integrated primary care has also advanced considerably. These and other topics are updated significantly in this new edition. The new edition is also reorganized to streamline the presentation. Presents a unified conceptual framework for health service psychology Overviews the whole treatment process from a biopsychosocial approach, from intake through outcomes assessment Includes major advances in both the science and practice of psychology Avoids highly technical language so that students and practitioners from across the field can easily follow the discussion

Author : MAURICE. PARMELEE
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1033729329

Get Book

SCIENCE OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR by MAURICE. PARMELEE Pdf

Author : Eric Alden Smith
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 574 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351521314

Get Book

Evolutionary Ecology and Human Behavior by Eric Alden Smith Pdf

""à required reading for anyone interested in the economy, ecology, and demography of human societies."" --American Journal of Human Biology ""This excellent book can serve both as a text¼book and as a scholarly reference."" --American Scientist

Author : Maurice Parmelee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1916
Category : Psychology, Comparative
ISBN : UCAL:$B717757

Get Book

The Science of Human Behavior by Maurice Parmelee Pdf

Author : Richard D. Alexander
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0202011747

Get Book

The Biology of Moral Systems by Richard D. Alexander Pdf

Despite wide acceptance that the attributes of living creatures have appeared through a cumulative evolutionary process guided chiefly by natural selection, many human activities have seemed analytically inaccessible through such an approach. Prominent evolutionary biologists, for example, have described morality as contrary to the direction of biological evolution, and moral philosophers rarely regard evolution as relevant to their discussions. The Biology of Moral Systems adopts the position that moral questions arise out of conflicts of interest, and that moral systems are ways of using confluences of interest at lower levels of social organization to deal with conflicts of interest at higher levels. Moral systems are described as systems of indirect reciprocity: humans gain and lose socially and reproductively not only by direct transactions, but also by the reputations they gain from the everyday flow of social interactions. The author develops a general theory of human interests, using senescence and effort theory from biology, to help analyze the patterning of human lifetimes. He argues that the ultimate interests of humans are reproductive, and that the concept of morality has arisen within groups because of its contribution to unity in the context, ultimately, of success in intergroup competition. He contends that morality is not easily relatable to universals, and he carries this argument into a discussion of what he calls the greatest of all moral problems, the nuclear arms race. "Crammed with sage observations on moral dilemmas and many reasons why an understanding of evolution based on natural selection will advance thinking in finding practical solutions to our most difficult social problems." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social SciencesRichard D. Alexander is Donald Ward Tinkle Professor of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, and Curator of Insects, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. A recipient of numerous awards, Dr. Alexander is the author of Darwinism and Human Affairs.

Author : Joseph Patrick Henrich
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0199262047

Get Book

Foundations of Human Sociality by Joseph Patrick Henrich Pdf

What motives underlie the ways humans interact socially? Are these the same for all societies? Are these part of our nature, or influenced by our environments? Over the last decade, research in experimental economics has emphatically falsified the textbook representation of Homo economicus. Hundreds of experiments suggest that people care not only about their own material payoffs, but also about such things as fairness, equity, and reciprocity. However, this research left fundamental questions unanswered: Are such social preferences stable components of human nature, or are they modulated by economic, social, and cultural environments? Until now, experimental research could not address this question because virtually all subjects had been university students. Combining ethnographic and experimental approaches to fill this gap, this book breaks new ground in reporting the results of a large cross-cultural study aimed at determining the sources of social (non-selfish) preferences that underlie the diversity of human sociality. In this study, the same experiments carried out with university students were performed in fifteen small-scale societies exhibiting a wide variety of social, economic, and cultural conditions. The results show that the variation in behaviour is far greater than previously thought, and that the differences between societies in market integration and the importance of cooperation explain a substantial portion of this variation, which individual-level economic and demographic variables could not. The results also trace the extent to which experimental play mirrors patterns of interaction found in everyday life. The book includes a succinct but substantive introduction to the use of game theory as an analytical tool, and to its use in the social sciences for the rigorous testing of hypotheses about fundamental aspects of social behaviour outside artificially constructed laboratories. The editors also summarize the results of the fifteencase studies in a suggestive chapter about the scope of the project.

Author : Abdel-Sattar Ibrahim,Radwa Ibrahim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1995-01-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0806254645

Get Book

The Foundations of Human Behavior in Health and Happiness by Abdel-Sattar Ibrahim,Radwa Ibrahim Pdf