The Gas Exchangers

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The Gas Exchangers

John N. Maina
The Gas Exchangers Book PDF

Author : John N. Maina
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 511 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642588433

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The Gas Exchangers by John N. Maina Pdf

"Amongst animals, diversity of form and of environmental circumstances have given rise to a multitude of different adap tations subserving the relatively unified patterns of cellular metabolism. Nowhere else is this state of affairs better exem plified than in the realm of respiration". Jones (1972). The field of comparative respiratory biology is expanding almost exponentially. With the ever-improving analytical tools and methods of experimentation, its scope is blossoming to fascinating horizons. The innovativeness and productivity in the area continue to confound students as well as specialists. The increasing wealth of data makes it possible to broaden the information base and meaning fully synthesize, rationalize, reconcile, redefine, consolidate, and offer empirical validation of some of the earlier anecdotal views and interpretations, helping resolve the issues into adequately realistic and easily perceptible models. Occa sional reflections on the advances made, as well as on the yet unresolved prob lems, helps chart out new grounds, formulate new concepts, and stimulate inquiry. Moreover, timely assessments help minimize isolation among investiga tors, averting costly duplication of effort. This exposition focuses on the diversity of the design of the gas exchangers and gives a critical appraisal of the plausible or constrained the evolvement of respiration. The factors that have motivated cause-and-effect relationship between the phylogenetic, developmental, and en vironmental factors, conditions, and states which at various thresholds and under certain backgrounds conspired in molding the gas exchangers is argued.

Vertebrate Gas Exchange

Robert G. Boutilier
Vertebrate Gas Exchange Book PDF

Author : Robert G. Boutilier
Publisher : Springer
Page : 411 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2011-12-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 3642753825

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Vertebrate Gas Exchange by Robert G. Boutilier Pdf

The structural and chemical limitations to respiratory gas exchange existing between the ambient medium and the cell are comprehensively treated. Beginning with an examination of the natural oscillations of respiratory gases in both terrestrial and aquatic environments, Vertebrate Gas Exchange details the structures involved in convecting the medium (air or water), the morphometrics of capillary gas transfers, and gas transfer kinetics. Important features include details on measurement techniques associated with tissue capillary supply and gas exchange kinetics.

Concepts of Biology

Samantha Fowler,Rebecca Roush,James Wise
Concepts of Biology Book PDF

Author : Samantha Fowler,Rebecca Roush,James Wise
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 618 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2018-01-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9888407457

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Concepts of Biology by Samantha Fowler,Rebecca Roush,James Wise Pdf

Concepts of Biology is designed for the single-semester introduction to biology course for non-science majors, which for many students is their only college-level science course. As such, this course represents an important opportunity for students to develop the necessary knowledge, tools, and skills to make informed decisions as they continue with their lives. Rather than being mired down with facts and vocabulary, the typical non-science major student needs information presented in a way that is easy to read and understand. Even more importantly, the content should be meaningful. Students do much better when they understand why biology is relevant to their everyday lives. For these reasons, Concepts of Biology is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand.We also strive to show the interconnectedness of topics within this extremely broad discipline. In order to meet the needs of today's instructors and students, we maintain the overall organization and coverage found in most syllabi for this course. A strength of Concepts of Biology is that instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Concepts of Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand--and apply--key concepts.

Anatomy & Physiology

Lindsay Biga,Devon Quick,Sierra Dawson,Amy Harwell,Robin Hopkins,Joel Kaufmann,Mike LeMaster,Philip Matern,Katie Morrison-Graham,Jon Runyeon
Anatomy Physiology Book PDF

Author : Lindsay Biga,Devon Quick,Sierra Dawson,Amy Harwell,Robin Hopkins,Joel Kaufmann,Mike LeMaster,Philip Matern,Katie Morrison-Graham,Jon Runyeon
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2019-09-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1955101159

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Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay Biga,Devon Quick,Sierra Dawson,Amy Harwell,Robin Hopkins,Joel Kaufmann,Mike LeMaster,Philip Matern,Katie Morrison-Graham,Jon Runyeon Pdf

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The Biology of Hagfishes

Jørgen Mørup Jørgensen,J.P. Lomholt,R.E. Weber,H. Malte
The Biology of Hagfishes Book PDF

Author : Jørgen Mørup Jørgensen,J.P. Lomholt,R.E. Weber,H. Malte
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 577 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401158343

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The Biology of Hagfishes by Jørgen Mørup Jørgensen,J.P. Lomholt,R.E. Weber,H. Malte Pdf

The hagfishes comprise a uniform group of some 60 species inhabiting the cool or deep parts of the oceans of both hemispheres. They are considered the most primitive representatives of the group of craniate chordates, which - apart from the hagfishes that show no traces of verte brae -includes all vertebrate animals. Consequently the hagfishes have played and still playa central role in discussions concerning the evolution of the vertebrates. Although most of the focus on hagfishes may be the result of their being primitive, it should not be forgotten that, at the same time, they are specialized animals with a unique way of life that is interesting in its own right. It is now more than 30 years since a comprehensive treatise on hagfishes was published. The Biology of Myxine, edited by Alf Brodal and Ragnar Fange (Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, 1963), provided a wealth of information on the biology of hagfishes, and over the years remained a major source of information and inspiration to students of hagfishes.

Bioengineering Aspects in the Design of Gas Exchangers

John N. Maina
Bioengineering Aspects in the Design of Gas Exchangers Book PDF

Author : John N. Maina
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642203954

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Bioengineering Aspects in the Design of Gas Exchangers by John N. Maina Pdf

This book encapsulates over three decades of the author’s work on comparative functional respiratory morphology. It provides insights into the mechanism(s) by which respiratory means and processes originated and advanced to their modern states. Pertinent cross-disciplinary details and facts have been integrated and reexamined in order to arrive at more robust answers to questions regarding the basis of the functional designs of gas exchangers. The utilization of oxygen for energy production is an ancient process, the development and progression of which were underpinned by dynamic events in the biological, physical, and chemical worlds. Many books that have broached the subject of comparative functional respiratory biology have only described the form and function of the ‘end-product,’ the gas exchanger; they have scarcely delved into the factors and the conditions that motivated and steered the development from primeval to modern respiratory means and processes. This book addresses and answers broad questions concerning the critical synthesis of multidisciplinary data, and clarifies previously cryptic aspects of comparative respiratory biology.

Pulmonary Gas Exchange

G. Kim Prisk,Susan R. Hopkins
Pulmonary Gas Exchange Book PDF

Author : G. Kim Prisk,Susan R. Hopkins
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-08-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781615044511

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Pulmonary Gas Exchange by G. Kim Prisk,Susan R. Hopkins Pdf

The lung receives the entire cardiac output from the right heart and must load oxygen onto and unload carbon dioxide from perfusing blood in the correct amounts to meet the metabolic needs of the body. It does so through the process of passive diffusion. Effective diffusion is accomplished by intricate parallel structures of airways and blood vessels designed to bring ventilation and perfusion together in an appropriate ratio in the same place and at the same time. Gas exchange is determined by the ventilation-perfusion ratio in each of the gas exchange units of the lung. In the normal lung ventilation and perfusion are well matched, and the ventilation-perfusion ratio is remarkably uniform among lung units, such that the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood leaving the pulmonary capillaries is less than 10 Torr lower than that in the alveolar space. In disease, the disruption to ventilation-perfusion matching and to diffusional transport may result in inefficient gas exchange and arterial hypoxemia. This volume covers the basics of pulmonary gas exchange, providing a central understanding of the processes involved, the interactions between the components upon which gas exchange depends, and basic equations of the process.

The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine

Martin Brüne,Wulf Schiefenhövel
The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine Book PDF

Author : Martin Brüne,Wulf Schiefenhövel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 992 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2019-01-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780192506788

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The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine by Martin Brüne,Wulf Schiefenhövel Pdf

Medicine is grounded in the natural sciences, among which biology stands out with regard to the understanding of human physiology and conditions that cause dysfunction. Ironically though, evolutionary biology is a relatively disregarded field. One reason for this omission is that evolution is deemed a slow process. Indeed, macroanatomical features of our species have changed very little in the last 300,000 years. A more detailed look, however, reveals that novel ecological contingencies, partly in relation to cultural evolution, have brought about subtle changes pertaining to metabolism and immunology, including adaptations to dietary innovations, as well as adaptations to the exposure to novel pathogens. Rapid pathogen evolution and evolution of cancer cells cause major problems for the immune system to find adequate responses. In addition, many adaptations to past ecologies have turned into risk factors for somatic disease and psychological disorder in our modern worlds (i.e. mismatch), among which epidemics of autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity, as well as several forms of cancer stand out. In addition, depression, anxiety and other psychiatric conditions add to the list. The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine is a compilation of cutting edge insights into the evolutionary history of ourselves as a species, and how and why our evolved design may convey vulnerability to disease. Written in a classic textbook style emphasising physiology and pathophysiology of all major organ systems, the Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine will be valuable for students as well as scholars in the fields of medicine, biology, anthropology and psychology.

The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling

Patrick Buat-Ménard
The Role of Air Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling Book PDF

Author : Patrick Buat-Ménard
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 555 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400947382

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The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling by Patrick Buat-Ménard Pdf

This book arises from a NATO-sponsored Advanced Study Institute on 'The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling' held at Bombann@§. near Bordeaux, France. from 16 to 27 September 1985. The chapters of the book are the written versions of the lectures given at the Institute. The aim of the book is to give a comprehensive up-to-date coverage of the subject. presented in a teaching mode. The chapters contain much recent research material and attempt to give the reader an understanding of how the role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling can be quantitatively assessed. In the last decade, major advances in the fields of marine and atmospheric chemistry have underlined the role of physical, chemical and biological processes at and near the air-sea interface in a number of geochemical cycles (C. S, N, metals etc ... ). Further, there is strong concern over the anthropogenic perturbation of these cycles on both regional and global scales. The first part of the book (Chapters 1 to 8) provides a review of topics fundamental to such studies. These topics include concepts in geochemical modelling, assessment of atmospheric transport from sources to the oceans. description of mixing and transport processes within the ocean for both dissolved and particulate materials, quantification of air-sea fluxes for both gases and particles, photochemical transformations in the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers.

The Gas Exchangers

John Maina
The Gas Exchangers Book PDF

Author : John Maina
Publisher : Springer
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 3642588441

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The Gas Exchangers by John Maina Pdf

"Amongst animals, diversity of form and of environmental circumstances have given rise to a multitude of different adap tations subserving the relatively unified patterns of cellular metabolism. Nowhere else is this state of affairs better exem plified than in the realm of respiration". Jones (1972). The field of comparative respiratory biology is expanding almost exponentially. With the ever-improving analytical tools and methods of experimentation, its scope is blossoming to fascinating horizons. The innovativeness and productivity in the area continue to confound students as well as specialists. The increasing wealth of data makes it possible to broaden the information base and meaning fully synthesize, rationalize, reconcile, redefine, consolidate, and offer empirical validation of some of the earlier anecdotal views and interpretations, helping resolve the issues into adequately realistic and easily perceptible models. Occa sional reflections on the advances made, as well as on the yet unresolved prob lems, helps chart out new grounds, formulate new concepts, and stimulate inquiry. Moreover, timely assessments help minimize isolation among investiga tors, averting costly duplication of effort. This exposition focuses on the diversity of the design of the gas exchangers and gives a critical appraisal of the plausible or constrained the evolvement of respiration. The factors that have motivated cause-and-effect relationship between the phylogenetic, developmental, and en vironmental factors, conditions, and states which at various thresholds and under certain backgrounds conspired in molding the gas exchangers is argued.

Respiratory Disease in Pregnancy

Stephen E. Lapinsky,Lauren A. Plante
Respiratory Disease in Pregnancy Book PDF

Author : Stephen E. Lapinsky,Lauren A. Plante
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020-04-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781107194809

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Respiratory Disease in Pregnancy by Stephen E. Lapinsky,Lauren A. Plante Pdf

Covers a broad spectrum of respiratory diseases during pregnancy, in order to improve successful management of both mother and fetus.

Compact Heat Exchangers

Alexander Louis London
Compact Heat Exchangers Book PDF

Author : Alexander Louis London
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 798 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Heat exchangers
ISBN : 1560320125

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Compact Heat Exchangers by Alexander Louis London Pdf

Heat exchangers are a crucial part of aerospace, marine, cryogenic and refrigeration technology. These essays cover such topics as complicated flow arrangements, complex extended surfaces, two-phase flow and irreversibility in heat exchangers, and single-phase heat transfer.

The Multiple Inert Gas Elimination Technique (MIGET)

Susan R. Hopkins,Peter D. Wagner
The Multiple Inert Gas Elimination Technique MIGET Book PDF

Author : Susan R. Hopkins,Peter D. Wagner
Publisher : Springer
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2017-12-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781493974412

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The Multiple Inert Gas Elimination Technique (MIGET) by Susan R. Hopkins,Peter D. Wagner Pdf

The Multiple Inert Gas Elimination Technique (MIGET) is a complex methodology involving specialized gas chromatography and sophisticated mathematics developed in the early 1970’s. Essentially, nobody possesses knowledge of all its elements except for its original developers, and while some practical and theoretical aspects have been published over the years, none have included the level of detail that would be necessary for a potential user to adopt and understand the technique easily. This book is unique in providing a highly detailed, comprehensive technical description of the theory and practice underlying the MIGET to help potential users set up the method and solve problems they may encounter. But it is much more than a reference manual – it is a substantial physiological and mathematical treatise in its own right. It also has a wide applicability – there is extensive discussion of the common biological problem of quantitative inference. The authors took measured whole-lung gas exchange variables, and used mathematical procedures to infer the distribution of ventilation and blood flow from this data. In so doing, they developed novel approaches to answer the question: What are the limits to what can be concluded when inferring the inner workings from the “black box” behavior of a system? The book details the approaches developed, which can be generalized to other similar distributed functions within tissues and organs. They involve engineering approaches such as linear and quadratic programming, and uniquely use mathematical tools with biological constraints to obtain as much information as possible about a “black box” system. Lastly, the book summarizes the hundreds of research papers published by a number of groups over the decades in a way never before attempted in order to marshal the world’s literature on the topic and to provide in one place the wealth of important discoveries, both physiological a nd clinical, enabled by the technique.

Ventilatory Failure

J.J. Marini,C. Roussos
Ventilatory Failure Book PDF

Author : J.J. Marini,C. Roussos
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 467 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642845543

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Ventilatory Failure by J.J. Marini,C. Roussos Pdf

This book reviews the most recent developments in the patho- physiology and therapy of ventilatory failure. It contains contributions by twenty-five internationally recognized aut- horities on respiratory muscle function and investigators actively contributing to our knowledge of the cause, diagno- sis and therapy of ventilatory failure. Of particular inter- estare the descriptions of new modalities of partial and complete ventilatory assistance as well as new knowledge re- garding ventilatory control and fatigue during stressful breathing. The reader will find here a state-of-the-art re- view of the latest research and practical applications in this most critical area of intensive care medicine.

The Biology of the Avian Respiratory System

John N. Maina
The Biology of the Avian Respiratory System Book PDF

Author : John N. Maina
Publisher : Springer
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2017-04-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319441535

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The Biology of the Avian Respiratory System by John N. Maina Pdf

The central focus of this book is the avian respiratory system. The authors explain why the respiratory system of modern birds is built the way it is and works the way that it does. Birds have been and continue to attract particular interest to biologists. The more birds are studied, the more it is appreciated that the existence of human-kind on earth very much depends directly and indirectly on the existence of birds. Regarding the avian respiratory system, published works are scattered in biological journals of fields like physiology, behavior, anatomy/morphology and ecology while others appear in as far afield as paleontology and geology. The contributors to this book are world-renowned experts in their various fields of study. Special attention is given to the evolution, the structure, the function and the development of the lung-air sac system. Readers will not only discover the origin of birds but will also learn how the respiratory system of theropod dinosaurs worked and may have transformed into the avian one. In addition, the work explores such aspects as swallowing mechanism in birds, the adaptations that have evolved for flight at extreme altitude and gas exchange in eggs. It is a highly informative and carefully presented work that provides cutting edge scientific insights for readers with an interest in the respiratory biology and the evolution of birds.