The Genetic Basis Of Alcohol And Drug Actions

Author : J.C. Crabbe Jr.,R.A. Harris
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781489920676

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The Genetic Basis of Alcohol and Drug Actions by J.C. Crabbe Jr.,R.A. Harris Pdf

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The use of genetic animal models in neuroscience and biomedical research is showing dramatic growth. The earliest application of these models to research on drug mechanisms was in the area of alcohol research. Mardones (1951) reported successful selective breeding of rats preferring and not preferring to drink alcohol under various conditions of dietary deficiency, suggesting genetic control of alcohol drinking. McClearn and Rodgers (1959, 1961) described differences among inbred mouse strains in preference for 10Ofo ethanol solutions versus tap water. Active exploration of this phenomenon continued until the early 1970s, eventually spawning the entire range of alcohol genetic research reviewed in Chapters 2 and 3 of this volume. Notably, oral alcohol self-administration has served as the basis for the development of several rat lines bred for preference or aversion, and these lines are very actively being investigated. The pioneering research of Dr. McClearn and others was very wide ranging in its conceptual scope and at least touched on all issues currently under intense investigation. The basic approach was to identify high and low preferrers among inbred strains of mice and to search for preference correlates in other traits. One major thrust of early research was to attempt to explain strain differences in preference as a function of underlying differences in patterns of caloric utilization. Reviews of these studies concluded that nutritional factors could not completely explain preference differences (Rod gers, 1966; McClearn, 1968).

Author : Henri Begleiter,Benjamin Kissin
Publisher : Alcohol and Alcoholism
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Alcoholism
ISBN : 0195088778

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The Genetics of Alcoholism by Henri Begleiter,Benjamin Kissin Pdf

This volume provides an in-depth look at the genetic influences that contribute to the development of alcoholism. Part I: Epidemiologic Studies contains five chapters that examine the various approaches employed in the study of the genetics of alcoholism. It provides a historical perspectiveand details all the essentials of this subject. Part II: Selective Breeding Studies highlights the results of research involving the selective breeding of rodents. This type of research has produced homogenous strains exhibiting specific behavioral responses considered significant in thedevelopment and maintenance of alcohol dependence. The studies presented in Part III: Phenotypic Studies investigate and analyze phenotypic markers that serve as correlates to the genotypic determinants of alcoholism. Through its broad scope, this volume provides for the first time a panoramic viewof the knowledge available on the hereditary influences of alcoholism.

Author : Roger N. Rosenberg
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Page : 930 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0781769566

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The Molecular and Genetic Basis of Neurologic and Psychiatric Disease by Roger N. Rosenberg Pdf

Completely updated for its Fourth Edition, this book is the most comprehensive, current review of the molecular and genetic basis of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. More than 120 leading experts provide a fresh, new assessment of recent molecular, genetic, and genomic advances, offer new insights into disease pathogenesis, describe the newest available therapies, and explore promising areas of therapeutic development. This edition features an updated section on psychiatric disease and expanded, updated chapters on human genomics, gene therapy, and ethical issues. Six new chapters cover congenital myasthenic syndromes, hereditary spastic paraplegia, ion channel disorders, the phakomatoses, beta-galactosidase deficiency, and prion diseases. A Neurologic Gene Map describes the chromosome locus of all the genetic diseases and their gene product where known. The fully searchable online text will be available on a companion Website. (www.rosenbergneuroandpsychdisease.com)

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2016-09-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309439121

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Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms Pdf

Estimates indicate that as many as 1 in 4 Americans will experience a mental health problem or will misuse alcohol or drugs in their lifetimes. These disorders are among the most highly stigmatized health conditions in the United States, and they remain barriers to full participation in society in areas as basic as education, housing, and employment. Improving the lives of people with mental health and substance abuse disorders has been a priority in the United States for more than 50 years. The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 is considered a major turning point in America's efforts to improve behavioral healthcare. It ushered in an era of optimism and hope and laid the groundwork for the consumer movement and new models of recovery. The consumer movement gave voice to people with mental and substance use disorders and brought their perspectives and experience into national discussions about mental health. However over the same 50-year period, positive change in American public attitudes and beliefs about mental and substance use disorders has lagged behind these advances. Stigma is a complex social phenomenon based on a relationship between an attribute and a stereotype that assigns undesirable labels, qualities, and behaviors to a person with that attribute. Labeled individuals are then socially devalued, which leads to inequality and discrimination. This report contributes to national efforts to understand and change attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that can lead to stigma and discrimination. Changing stigma in a lasting way will require coordinated efforts, which are based on the best possible evidence, supported at the national level with multiyear funding, and planned and implemented by an effective coalition of representative stakeholders. Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders: The Evidence for Stigma Change explores stigma and discrimination faced by individuals with mental or substance use disorders and recommends effective strategies for reducing stigma and encouraging people to seek treatment and other supportive services. It offers a set of conclusions and recommendations about successful stigma change strategies and the research needed to inform and evaluate these efforts in the United States.

Author : Amitava Dasgupta,Loralie J. Langman
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-04-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781439856123

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Pharmacogenomics of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse by Amitava Dasgupta,Loralie J. Langman Pdf

Pharmacogenomics is the basis of personalized medicine, which is said to be the medicine of the future. Understanding genetic variation in drug and alcohol response is vital for professionals working in rehabilitation programs. The same principles that are applicable for therapeutic drugs are also applicable for drugs of abuse. Pharmacogenomics can supplement traditional therapeutic drug monitoring, potentially predicting correct dosage before initiation of the drug therapy. Applying these principles to testing and treatment, Pharmacogenomics of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse discusses the role of the clinical laboratory in the practice of personalized medicine. With contributions from a range of experts, the book presents the genetic aspects of alcohol metabolism and other drugs including marijuana, cocaine, and amphetamines. In addition to basic pharmacogenomic aspects, the book addresses slate and trait markers of drugs of abuse so readers can consider setting appropriate biomarker tests in their clinical laboratory.

Author : Donald W. Pfaff,Wade H. Berrettini,Tong H. Joh,Stephen C. Maxson
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 510 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1999-07-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 1420048228

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Genetic Influences on Neural and Behavioral Functions by Donald W. Pfaff,Wade H. Berrettini,Tong H. Joh,Stephen C. Maxson Pdf

Utilizing the flood of information derived from the Human Genome Project and corresponding efforts to elucidate the mouse genome, Genetic Influences on Neural and Behavioral Functions provides a scholarly catalog, organized logically, of relations between the expression of specific genes, nerve cell biology and behavior, normal and abnormal, in animals AND humans. Sample topics include genes in relation to schiziphrenia, panic disorder, epilepsy, alcoholism, sleep, eating disorders, and more.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Congress
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Medical
ISBN : UCR:31210024828871

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Biological Components of Substance Abuse and Addiction by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Brain
ISBN : MINN:31951D025861296

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Drugs, Brains, and Behavior by Anonim Pdf

Author : Kenneth J. Sher
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 656 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2016-07-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199381692

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The Oxford Handbook of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders by Kenneth J. Sher Pdf

Substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs) have been documented in a number of cultures since the beginnings of recorded time and represent major societal concerns in the present day. The Oxford Handbook of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders provides comprehensive reviews of key areas of inquiry into the fundamental nature of substance use and SUDs, their features, causes, consequences, course, treatment, and prevention. It is clear that understanding these various aspects of substance use and SUDs requires a multidisciplinary perspective that considers the pharmacology of drugs of abuse, genetic variation in these acute and chronic effects, and psychological processes in the context of the interpersonal and cultural contexts. Comprising two volumes, this Handbook also highlights a range of opportunities and challenges facing those interested in the basic understanding of the nature of these phenomena and novel approaches to assess, prevent, and treat these conditions with the goal of reducing the enormous burden these problems place on our global society. Chapters in Volume 1 cover the historical and cultural contexts of substance use and its consequences, its epidemiology and course, etiological processes from the perspective of neuropharmacology, genetics, personality, development, motivation, and the interpersonal and larger social environment. Chapters in Volume 2 cover major health and social consequences of substance involvement, psychiatric comorbidity, assessment, and interventions. Each chapter highlights key issues in the respective topic area and raises unanswered questions for future research. All chapters are authored by leading scholars in each topic. The level of coverage is sufficiently deep to be of value to both trainees and established scientists and clinicians interested in an evidenced-based approach.

Author : David J. Kupfer,Michael B. First,Darrel A. Regier
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2008-08-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781585627721

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A Research Agenda For DSM V by David J. Kupfer,Michael B. First,Darrel A. Regier Pdf

In the ongoing quest to improve our psychiatric diagnostic system, we are now searching for new approaches to understanding the etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms that can improve the validity of our diagnoses and the consequent power of our preventive and treatment interventions -- venturing beyond the current DSM paradigm and DSM-IV framework. This thought-provoking volume -- produced as a partnership between the American Psychiatric Association, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse -- represents a far-reaching attempt to stimulate research and discussion in the field in preparation for the eventual start of the DSM-V process, still several years hence. The book Explores a variety of basic nomenclature issues, including the desirability of rating the quality and quantity of information available to support the different disorders in the DSM in order to indicate the disparity of empirical support across the diagnostic system. Offers a neuroscience research agenda to guide development of a pathophysiologically based classification for DSM-V, which reviews genetic, brain imaging, postmortem, and animal model research and includes strategic insights for a new research agenda. Presents highlights of recent progress in developmental neuroscience, genetics, psychology, psychopathology, and epidemiology, using a bioecological perspective to focus on the first two decades of life, when rapid changes in behavior, emotion and cognition occur. Discusses how to address two important gaps in the current DSM-IV: (1) the categorical method of diagnosing personality disorders and their relationship with Axis I disorders, and (2) the limited provision for the diagnosis of relational disorders -- suggesting a research agenda for personality disorders that considers replacing the current categorical approach with a dimensional classification of personality. Reevaluates the relationship between mental disorders and disability, asserting that research into disability and impairment would benefit from the diagnosis of mental disorders be uncoupled from a requirement for impairment or disability to foster a more vigorous research agenda on the etiologies, courses, and treatment of mental disorders as well as disabilities and to avert unintended consequences of delayed diagnosis and treatment. Examines the importance of culture in psychopathology and the main cultural variables at play in the diagnostic process, stating that training present and future professionals in the need to include cultural factors in the diagnostic process is a logical step in any attempt to develop comprehensive research programs in psychology, psychiatry, and related disciplines. This fascinating work, with contributions from an international group of research investigators, reaches into the core of psychiatry, providing invaluable background and insights for all psychology and psychiatry professionals -- food for thought and further research that will be relevant for years to come.

Author : Byron C. Jones,Pierre Mormede
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2006-08-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781420003567

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Neurobehavioral Genetics by Byron C. Jones,Pierre Mormede Pdf

A complete background to concepts and principles of behavioral genetics, Neurobehavioral Genetics: Methods and Applications, Second Edition features a broad spectrum of the most current techniques in neurobehavioral genetics in a single source. International researchers incorporate several new developments in the field, including: De

Author : Edith V. Sullivan,Adolf Pfefferbaum
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 704 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2014-10-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444626226

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Alcohol and the Nervous System by Edith V. Sullivan,Adolf Pfefferbaum Pdf

Alcohol is the most widely used drug in the world, yet alcoholism remains a serious addiction affecting nearly 20 million Americans. Our current understanding of alcohol's effect on brain structure and related functional damage is being revolutionized by genetic research, basic neuroscience, brain imaging science, and systematic study of cognitive, sensory, and motor abilities. Volume 125 of the Handbook of Clinical Neurology is a comprehensive, in-depth treatise of studies on alcohol and the brain covering the basic understanding of alcohol's effect on the central nervous system, the diagnosis and treatment of alcoholism, and prospect for recovery. The chapters within will be of interest to clinical neurologists, neuropsychologists, and researchers in all facets and levels of the neuroscience of alcohol and alcoholism. The first focused reference specifically on alcohol and the brain Details our current understanding of how alcohol impacts the central nervous system Covers clinical and social impact of alcohol abuse disorders and the biomedical consequences of alcohol abuse Includes section on neuroimaging of neurochemical markers and brain function

Author : John H. Hannigan,Linda P. Spear,Norman E. Spear,Charles R. Goodlett
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1999-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135683993

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Alcohol and Alcoholism by John H. Hannigan,Linda P. Spear,Norman E. Spear,Charles R. Goodlett Pdf

Recent years have seen more systematic investigations of the consequences of prenatal and early postnatal exposure to alcohol for brain and behavioral development. Offers an overview of what they have shown, and points out directions for further research

Author : Charles R. Schuster,Michael J. Kuhar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 675 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642609633

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Pharmacological Aspects of Drug Dependence by Charles R. Schuster,Michael J. Kuhar Pdf

Now, in one volume, the latest research from the areas of molcular biology, neurochemistry and behavior analysis of drug abuse and dependence, with, wherever possible, an integration of the data from these various levels of analysis. The ensuing reports point to the complexity of the phenomenon of abuse and dependence and clearly demonstrate that it is determined by a variety of variables from molecular biology and genetics through behavioral history. This complexity is shown, however, to be responsive to rigorous scientific analysis and our success to date gives rise to hope that this distressing public health problem can ultimately be brought under control. Each of the chapters is written by a leading researcher in the field.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781428920699

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Technologies for understanding and preventing substance abuse and addiction. by Anonim Pdf