The Greek World Under Ottoman And Western Domination

Author : Paschalis Kitromilides,Dēmētrēs Arvanitakēs,Onassis Cultural Center
Publisher : Onassis Foundation USA
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Art, Greek
ISBN : 0977659836

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The Greek World Under Ottoman and Western Domination by Paschalis Kitromilides,Dēmētrēs Arvanitakēs,Onassis Cultural Center Pdf

The conference on "The Greek World under Ottoman and Western Domination: 15th-19th Centuries," held at the Onassis Cultural Center in New York, on April 29, 2006, took place in conjunction with an exhibition on the same theme. The aim of the conference was to explore the multiple realities formed in Greek lands over the years between two crucial chronological termini: 1453 and 1821/1830. These dates may have been established as milestones in the historical trajectory of Greek society and culture, but they also represent two watershed moments of seminal importance for all of European history. The conference proceedings include, in addition to the editors, essays by renowned scholars in the field such as Dr. Nikos Karapidakis, Professor of Medieval History, Ionian University, Corfu; Dr. Dimitris Arvanitakis, Head of Historical Research Department, Benaki Museum, Athens; Dr. Elisabetta Molteni, Assistant Professor of History of Architecture, University Ca' Foscari, Venice; Dr. Evangelia Balta, Research Director, Institute of Neohellenic, Research/ National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens; Sinan Kuneralp, Historian, Publisher, Isis Press, Istanbul; Dr. Maria Constantoudaki-Kitromilides, Associate Professor of Byzantine Archaeology, University of Athens; Dr. Maria Vassilaki, Associate Professor of Byzantine and post-Byzantine Art, University of Thessaly, Volos; Dr. Sophia Handaka, Social Anthropologist, Department of Neohellenic Culture and Art Collections, Benaki Museum, Athens; Dr. Alfred Vincent, Honorary Senior Lecturer in Modern Greek Studies at the University of Sydney and Visiting Fellow at the University of New South Wales; and Dr. Peter Mackridge, Emeritus Professor of Modern Greek, University of Oxford.

Author : George Finlay
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2016-12-18
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1541190769

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The History of Greece Under Othoman and Venetian Domination by George Finlay Pdf

Most of the areas which today are within Greece's borders were at some point in the past a part of the Ottoman Empire. This period of Ottoman rule in Greece, lasting from mid-15th century until the successful Greek War of Independence that broke out in 1821 and the establishment of the modern Greek state in 1832, is known in Greek as Tourkokratia. Some regions, however, like the Ionian Islands, various temporary Venetian possessions of the Stato da Mar, or Mani peninsula in Peloponese did not become part of the Ottoman administration, although the latter was under Ottoman suzerainty. The Byzantine Empire, the remnant of the ancient Roman Empire which ruled most of the Greek speaking world for over 1100 years, had been fatally weakened since the sacking of Constantinople by the Latin Crusaders in 1204. The Ottoman advance into Greece was preceded by victory over the Serbs to its north. First the Ottomans won the Battle of Marista in 1371. The Serb forces where then led by the King Vukasin-Mrnjavcevic, the father of Prince Marko and the co-ruler of the last emperor from the Serbian Nemanjic dynasty. This was followed by another Ottoman victory in the 1389 Battle of Kosovo. With no further threat by the Serbs, and the subsequent Byzantine Civil Wars, the Ottoman's captured Constantinople in 1453 and advanced southwards into Greece, capturing Athens in 1458. The Greeks held out in the Peloponeese until 1460 and the Venetians and Genoese clung to some of the islands, but by 1500 most of the plains and islands of Greece were in Ottoman hands. The mountains of Greece were largely untouched, and were a refuge for Greeks who desired to flee Ottoman rule and engage in brigandry. Cyprus fell in 1571, and the Venetians retained Crete until 1669. The Ionian Islands were only briefly ruled by the Ottomans and remained primarily under the rule of the Republic of Venice. Ottoman Greece was a multiethnic society as apart from Greeks and Turks, there were many Jews, Italians (especially Venetians), Armenians, Serbs, Albanians, Roma (Gypsies), Bulgarians, etc. However, the modern Western notion of multiculturalism is considered to be incompatible with the Ottoman system. The Greeks with the one hand were given some privileges and freedom, with the other they were exposed to tyranny deriving from the malpractices of its administrative personnel over which the central government had only remote and incomplete control. Despite losing their political independence, the Greeks remained dominant in the fields of commerce and business. The consolidation of Ottoman power in the 15th and 16th centuries rendered the Mediterranean safe for Greek shipping, and the Greek ship owners became the maritime carriers of the Empire, making tremendous profits. After the Ottoman defeat at the Battle of Lepanto, however, Greek ships often became the target of vicious attacks by Catholic pirates. This period of Ottoman rule had a profound impact in Greek society. The Greek land-owning aristocracy that traditionally dominated the Byzantine Empire suffered a tragic fate, and was almost completely destroyed. The new leading class were the prokritoi. The prokritoi were essentially bureaucrats and tax collectors and gained a negative reputation for corruption and nepotism. On the other hand, the Phanariots became prominent in the imperial capital of Constantinople as business men and diplomats, and the Greek Orthodox Church and the Ecumenical Patriarch rose to great power under the Sultan's protection, gaining religious control over the entire Orthodox population of the Empire, Greek and Slavic.

Author : George Finlay
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1856
Category : Greece
ISBN : HARVARD:32044018834408

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The History of Greece Under Othoman and Venetian Domination by George Finlay Pdf

Author : George Finlay
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2014-05-07
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1499383355

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The History of Greece Under Ottoman and Venetian Domination by George Finlay Pdf

From the preface:"THIS volume concludes the HISTORY OF GREECE UNDER FOREIGN DOMINATION. I have divided the long records of Hellenic servitude, which embrace nearly two thousand years, into six periods, each offering a distinct phase of Greek history:-1. Greece under the Romans; 2. The Byzantine Empire; 3. Greece under the Crusaders, who destroyed the Byzantine Empire; 4. The Greek Empire of Constantinople; 5. The Empire of Trebizond; and, 6. The Othoman and Venetian Domination.I commenced this work as an introduction to the History of the Greek Revolution. My original design was enlarged by the conviction that in history there is no present. Without an accurate knowledge of the various ties which connect the events we witness with those that have preceded; without a just appreciation of the circumstances which have moulded the characters of both nations and statesmen; and without some perception of the progress of public events which must exert an influence over the future, it is impossible to form an equitable judgment on the history of our own times. My object in becoming an author was to trace the success of the Greek Revolution to its true causes, and to examine the circumstances which tend to facilitate or to obstruct the progress of the Greeks in their attempt to consolidate a system of civil liberty on the firm basis of national institutions."

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 827 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2013-09-03
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9783110321517

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East Meets West in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times by Albrecht Classen Pdf

This new volume explores the surprisingly intense and complex relationships between East and West during the Middle Ages and the early modern world, combining a large number of critical studies representing such diverse fields as literary (German, French, Italian, English, Spanish, and Arabic) and other subdisciplines of history, religion, anthropology, and linguistics. The differences between Islam and Christianity erected strong barriers separating two global cultures, but, as this volume indicates, despite many attempts to 'Other' the opposing side, the premodern world experienced an astonishing degree of contacts, meetings, exchanges, and influences. Scientists, travelers, authors, medical researchers, chroniclers, diplomats, and merchants criss-crossed the East and the West, or studied the sources produced by the other culture for many different reasons. As much as the theoretical concept of 'Orientalism' has been useful in sensitizing us to the fundamental tensions and conflicts separating both worlds at least since the eighteenth century, the premodern world did not quite yet operate in such an ideological framework. Even though the Crusades had violently pitted Christians against Muslims, there were countless contacts and a palpitable curiosity on both sides both before, during, and after those religious warfares.

Author : Arnold Toynbee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1923
Category : Eastern question (Balkan).
ISBN : STANFORD:36105010159601

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The Western Question in Greece and Turkey by Arnold Toynbee Pdf

Author : Thomas W. Gallant
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472567581

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Modern Greece by Thomas W. Gallant Pdf

Modern Greece is an updated and enhanced edition of a classic survey of Greek history since the beginning of the 19th century. Giving equal weighting to social, political and diplomatic aspects, it offers detailed coverage of the formation of the Greek nation state, the global Greek diaspora, the country's relationships with Europe and the United States and a range of other topics, including women, rural areas, nationalism and the Civil War, woven together in a nuanced and highly readable narrative. Fresh material and new pedagogical features have been added throughout, most notably: - new chapters on 19th-century nationalism and 'Boom to Bust in the Age of Globalization, 1989-2013'; - greater discussion of the late Ottoman context, Greeks outside of Greece and the international background to the Greek state formation; - revisions to take account of recent scholarship, Greekscholarship ; - new timelines, maps, illustrations, charts, figures and primary source boxes; - an updated further reading section and bibliography. Modern Greece is a crucial text for anyone looking to understand the complex history of this now troubled nation and its place in the Balkans, Europe and the modern globalized world.

Author : Thomas W Gallant
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2015-01-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9780748636075

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Edinburgh History of the Greeks, 1768 to 1913 by Thomas W Gallant Pdf

This volume traces the rich social, cultural, economic and political history of the Greeks during National Period up till the military coup of 1909.

Author : Maria Alessia Rossi,Alice Isabella Sullivan
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-22
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9783110695618

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Eclecticism in Late Medieval Visual Culture at the Crossroads of the Latin, Greek, and Slavic Traditions by Maria Alessia Rossi,Alice Isabella Sullivan Pdf

This volume builds upon the new worldwide interest in the global Middle Ages. It investigates the prismatic heritage and eclectic artistic production of Eastern Europe between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries, while challenging the temporal and geographical parameters of the study of medieval, Byzantine, post-Byzantine, and early-modern art. Contact and interchange between primarily the Latin, Greek, and Slavic cultural spheres resulted in local assimilations of select elements that reshaped the artistic landscapes of regions of the Balkan Peninsula, the Carpathian Mountains, and further north. The specificities of each region, and, in modern times, politics and nationalistic approaches, have reinforced the tendency to treat them separately, preventing scholars from questioning whether the visual output could be considered as an expression of a shared history. The comparative and interdisciplinary framework of this volume provides a holistic view of the visual culture of these regions by addressing issues of transmission and appropriation, as well as notions of cross-cultural contact, while putting on the global map of art history the eclectic artistic production of Eastern Europe.

Author : Stavros Boinodiris
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2007-04
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 0595441521

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Andros Odyssey: Under Ottoman Rule by Stavros Boinodiris Pdf

After the fall of Constantinople, After the fall of Constantinople, Christians under the Ottoman rule experienced a very stressful existence, under slavery conditions. They persevered through that occupation and utilized education as a tool for survival, in exchange for helping the Ottoman Empire expand militarily. To achieve their survival, Greek families employed unparalleled ingenuity, planning, patience and secrecy. Many fled abroad, further spreading Greek civilization and creating secret Greek organizations, geared to mobilize the world against the Ottomans. To defend against that, the Ottomans engineered the total separation of the Orthodox and Catholic Churches, isolating any Christian rebellion from any help from the West. Greeks tried unsuccessfully to find allies in the West but eventually settled into a secret alliance with Russia, which eventually brought about the Greek Revolution of 1821. Their tenacity to preserve faith and culture, withstood centuries of pressure, even when whole societies around them yielded, and were assimilated in the Moslem world.

Author : Christos P. Ioannides
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2018-12-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9781498582032

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Cyprus under British Colonial Rule by Christos P. Ioannides Pdf

This study examines British rule in Cyprus from 1878 to 1954. The author analyzes the cultural and religious dimensions of Cypriot responses to British rule and the ways in which Greek Orthodox culture was a primary conduit for resistance to the colonial system.

Author : Constanţa Vintilă-Ghiţulescu
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 243 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2017-10-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004355095

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Women, Consumption, and the Circulation of Ideas in South-Eastern Europe, 17th - 19th Centuries by Constanţa Vintilă-Ghiţulescu Pdf

Women, fashion, consumption, luxury, and education are the main subjects of our researchers. The contributors of this volume accompanied women and objects in their travels across Modern Europe and offered thorough and diverse analyses connecting the circulation of people with the circulation of ideas. Making use of archive materials, visual sources and museum collections, the authors point out the richness of the region and the role of women in promoting new ideas of modernity. This will help the public to better know and understand the importance of women's sociability in building new nations and constructing new identities in South-Eastern Europe and beyond.

Author : Dragoş Cosmescu
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 243 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2015-12-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9780786497508

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Venetian Renaissance Fortifications in the Mediterranean by Dragoş Cosmescu Pdf

The Renaissance was a revolution of ideas, arts and sciences alike, with Italy at its center. Venice was among the first states to embrace new concepts in fortification, which would dominate military architecture for centuries. In the age of large galley fleets and an expanding Ottoman Empire, the mighty defenses of the Republic of Venice protected faraway territories in the Mediterranean, and some of the largest and best preserved Renaissance fortifications are found on the former Venetian islands. This book illustrates in detail the impressive defenses of Cyprus, Crete and Corfu, their design and their war record. Walled towns and fortresses were constructed to the latest standards of military technology, with walls capable of withstanding the largest armies and the longest sieges, including the longest in history--22 years.

Author : Peter Louis Bonfitto
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 767 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-06
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781440865855

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World Architecture and Society [2 volumes] by Peter Louis Bonfitto Pdf

This two-volume encyclopedia covers buildings and sites of global significance from prehistoric times to the present day, providing students with an essential understanding of architectural development and its impact on human societies. This two-volume encyclopedia provides an in-depth look at buildings and sites of global significance throughout history. The volumes are separated into four regional sections: 1) the Americas, 2) Europe, 3) Africa and the Middle East, and 4) Asia and the Pacific. Four regional essays investigate the broader stylistic and historical contexts that describe the development of architecture through time and across the globe. Entries explore the unique importance of buildings and sites, including the megalithic wonder of Stonehenge and the imposing complex of Angkor Wat. Entries on Spanish colonial missions in the Americas and the medieval Islamic universities of the Sahara connect to broader building traditions. Other entries highlight remarkable stories of architectural achievement and memory, like those of Tuskegee University, a site hand-built by former slaves, or the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, which was built at the site of the atomic detonation. Each entry focuses on the architectural but includes strong consideration of the social impact, importance, and significance each structure has had in the past and in the present.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004422445

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From Pax Mongolica to Pax Ottomanica by Anonim Pdf

The book presents various political and economic aspects of the Black Sea region during the 14th-16th centuries.