The Guaraní And Their Missions

Author : Julia J. S. Sarreal
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9780804791229

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The Guaraní and Their Missions by Julia J. S. Sarreal Pdf

The thirty Guaraní missions of the Río de la Plata were the largest and most prosperous of all the Catholic missions established throughout the frontier regions of the Americas to convert, acculturate, and incorporate indigenous peoples and their lands into the Spanish and Portuguese empires. But between 1768 and 1800, the mission population fell by almost half and the economy became insolvent. This unique socioeconomic history provides a coherent and comprehensive explanation for the missions' operation and decline, providing readers with an understanding of the material changes experienced by the Guaraní in their day-to-day lives. Although the mission economy funded operations, sustained the population, and influenced daily routines, scholars have not focused on this important aspect of Guaraní history, primarily producing studies of religious and cultural change. This book employs mission account books, letters, and other archival materials to trace the Guaraní mission work regime and to examine how the Guaraní shaped the mission economy. These materials enable the author to poke holes in longheld beliefs about Jesuit mission management and offer original arguments regarding the Bourbon reforms that ultimately made the missions unsustainable.

Author : Julia Sarreal
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2014-06-11
Category : History
ISBN : 080478597X

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The Guaraní and Their Missions by Julia Sarreal Pdf

The thirty Guaraní missions of the Río de la Plata were the largest and most prosperous of all the Catholic missions established throughout the frontier regions of the Americas to convert, acculturate, and incorporate indigenous peoples and their lands into the Spanish and Portuguese empires. But between 1768 and 1800, the mission population fell by almost half and the economy became insolvent. This unique socioeconomic history provides a coherent and comprehensive explanation for the missions' operation and decline, providing readers with an understanding of the material changes experienced by the Guaraní in their day-to-day lives. Although the mission economy funded operations, sustained the population, and influenced daily routines, scholars have not focused on this important aspect of Guaraní history, primarily producing studies of religious and cultural change. This book employs mission account books, letters, and other archival materials to trace the Guaraní mission work regime and to examine how the Guaraní shaped the mission economy. These materials enable the author to poke holes in longheld beliefs about Jesuit mission management and offer original arguments regarding the Bourbon reforms that ultimately made the missions unsustainable.

Author : Robert H. Jackson
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2018-12-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789004390546

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Regional Conflict and Demographic Patterns on the Jesuit Missions among the Guaraní in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries by Robert H. Jackson Pdf

Spain and Portugal contested control over the disputed Rio de la Plata borderlands, and the Guarani populations of the Jesuit missions provided manpower for campaigns. Conflict, however, brought demographic consequences for the mission populations. This study analyzes regional conflict and demographic patterns on the missions.

Author : Robert H. Jackson
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9781527518285

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Communities on a Frontier in Conflict by Robert H. Jackson Pdf

In his historical satirical novel Candide, Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet) presented a fanciful vision of the Jesuit missions established among the Guaraní in parts of what today are Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. Some scholars have characterized the missions as having been a socialist utopia, or an independent republic located on the fringes of Spanish territory in South America. What was the reality? This study presents a detailed analysis of one of the Jesuit missions, Los Santos Mártires del Japón, and the story of the creation of mission communities on a frontier contested by Spain and Portugal during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It documents the historical realities of the Jesuit missions, their patterns of development, and the demographic consequences for the mission populations of military conflict.

Author : William F. Jaenike
Publisher : Kirk House Publishers
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : UOM:39015080706552

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Black Robes in Paraguay by William F. Jaenike Pdf

This slice of 17th and 18th century western history is a saga of love, savage violence, and betrayal that reads like fiction. While it is centered on a famous Roman Catholic order, its international and religious scope makes it of interest to armchair historians of all beliefs including Protestants, Jews, agnostics and secular humanists. In colonial South America the Jesuits established missions among the Guarani. As the Portuguese and Spanish slavers descended on Paraguay, the Jesuits sought to protect these stone-age Indians in their missions. Their resistance to the colonists? attacks contributed to the political problems of the church with Catholic monarchs back in Europe. As a consequence, the monarchs pressured a frightened pope to abolish the Jesuit order. In the long, tortured history of European colonization of the Americas, these Jesuit ?Black Robes? in Paraguay stood out as a breed apart, even from their fellow Jesuits elsewhere. Leaders of the anti-Catholic, anti-Jesuit Enlightenment such as Voltaire and Raynal rallied to the side of these extraordinary Paraguay missionaries. Raynal wrote that never has so much good been done for mankind with so little evil. Ironically, the ?heretic? monarchs of Russia and Prussia invited hundreds of the former Jesuits to run their colleges. In doing so, they inadvertently saved these outcasts to become the nucleus around which a reinvigorated papacy would re-establish the Jesuit order forty years after its abolition.

Author : Barbara Anne Ganson
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : History
ISBN : 0804754950

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The Guaraní under Spanish Rule in the Río de la Plata by Barbara Anne Ganson Pdf

This ethnographic study is a revisionist view of the most significant and widely known mission system in Latin America—that of the Jesuit missions to the Guaraní Indians, who inhabited the border regions of Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil. It traces in detail the process of Indian adaptation to Spanish colonialism from the sixteenth through the early nineteenth centuries. The book demonstrates conclusively that the Guaraní were as instrumental in determining their destinies as were the Catholic Church and Spanish bureaucrats. They were neither passive victims of Spanish colonialism nor innocent “children” of the jungle, but important actors who shaped fundamentally the history of the Río de la Plata region. The Guaraní responded to European contact according to the dynamics of their own culture, their individual interests and experiences, and the changing political, economic, and social realities of the late Bourbon period.

Author : Robert H. Jackson,Juan Antonio Siller Camacho
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 816 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2021-01-05
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781527564190

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A Visual Catalog of Jesuit Missions in Spanish America by Robert H. Jackson,Juan Antonio Siller Camacho Pdf

From the late sixteenth century until their expulsion in 1767, the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) played a pivotal role in the life of Spanish America. They educated the urban population, tended to the spiritual needs of city folk, conducted “popular missions” to correct doctrinal issues with the urban and rural populations, and administered missions among the indigenous populations on the frontiers. Jesuit missions stretched from northern Mexico to Patagonia in South America, and left a considerable historical and architectural heritage and patrimony. This volume outlines the historical development of Jesuit missions located in northern Mexico and South America, and illustrates the architectural heritage they left behind.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2020-12-07
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9789004444195

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Trade and Finance in Global Missions (16th-18th Centuries) by Anonim Pdf

Trade and Finance in Global Missions (16th-18th Centuries) is a collection of articles analysing the interplay between economic and Catholic missions in the early modern period and in the global context of Christian expansion.

Author : Ronnie Po-Chia Hsia
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2018-01-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004355286

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A Companion to the Early Modern Catholic Global Missions by Ronnie Po-Chia Hsia Pdf

A survey of the latest scholarship on Catholic missions between the 16th and 18th centuries, this collection of fourteen essays offers a global view of the organization, finances, personnel, and history of Catholic missions to the Americas, Africa, and Asia.

Author : Barbara Anne Ganson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:501325481

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The Guaraní Under Spanish Rule in the Río de la Plata by Barbara Anne Ganson Pdf

Author : Lesley Wylie
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2023-11-15
Category : Art
ISBN : 9781837645008

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Understories: Plants and Culture in the American Tropics by Lesley Wylie Pdf

Understories: Plants and Culture in the American Tropics establishes the central importance of plants to the histories and cultures of the extended tropical region stretching from the U.S. South to Argentina. Through close examination of a number of significant plants – cacao, mate, agave, the hevea brasilensis, kudzu, the breadfruit, soy, and the ceiba pentandra, among others – this volume shows that vegetal life has played a fundamental role in shaping societies and in formulating cultural and environmental imaginaries in and beyond the region. Drawing on a wide range of cultural traditions and forms across literature, popular music, art, and film, the essays included in this volume transcend regional and linguistic boundaries to bring together multiple plant-centred histories or ‘understories’ – narratives that until now have been marginalized or gone unnoticed. Attending not only to the significant influence of humans on plants, but also of plants on humans, this book offers new understandings of how colonization, globalization, and power were, and continue to be, imbricated with nature in the American tropics.

Author : Brian P. Owensby
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 513 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781503628342

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New World of Gain by Brian P. Owensby Pdf

In the centuries before Europeans crossed the Atlantic, social and material relations among the indigenous Guaraní people of present-day Paraguay were based on reciprocal gift-giving. But the Spanish and Portuguese newcomers who arrived in the sixteenth century seemed interested in the Guaraní only to advance their own interests, either through material exchange or by getting the Guaraní to serve them. This book tells the story of how Europeans felt empowered to pursue individual gain in the New World, and how the Guaraní people confronted this challenge to their very way of being. Although neither Guaraní nor Europeans were positioned to grasp the larger meaning of the moment, their meeting was part of a global sea change in human relations and the nature of economic exchange. Brian P. Owensby uses the centuries-long encounter between Europeans and the indigenous people of South America to reframe the notion of economic gain as a historical development rather than a matter of human nature. Owensby argues that gain—the pursuit of individual, material self-interest—must be understood as a global development that transformed the lives of Europeans and non-Europeans, wherever these two encountered each other in the great European expansion spanning the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries.

Author : Aparecida Vilaça,Professor Robin M Wright
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-28
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781409478133

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Native Christians by Aparecida Vilaça,Professor Robin M Wright Pdf

Native Christians reflects on the modes and effects of Christianity among indigenous peoples of the Americas drawing on comparative analysis of ethnographic and historical cases. Christianity in this region has been part of the process of conquest and domination, through the association usually made between civilizing and converting. While Catholic missions have emphasized the 'civilizing' process, teaching the Indians the skills which they were expected to exercise within the context of a new societal model, the Protestants have centered their work on promoting a deep internal change, or 'conversion', based on the recognition of God's existence. Various ethnologists and scholars of indigenous societies have focused their interest on understanding the nature of the transformations produced by the adoption of Christianity. The contributors in this volume take native thought as the starting point, looking at the need to relativize these transformations. Each author examines different ethnographic cases throughout the Americas, both historical and contemporary, enabling the reader to understand the indigenous points of view in the processes of adoption and transformation of new practices, objects, ideas and values.

Author : Robert H. Jackson
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2019-05-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9781527534308

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A Population History of the Missions of the Jesuit Province of Paraquaria by Robert H. Jackson Pdf

Scholars have debated the demographic consequences for the indigenous populations of the Americas of 1492, the beginning of sustained contact between the Old and New Worlds. Some have hypothesized an initial die-off of indigenous population resulting from the introduction of highly contagious crowd diseases such as smallpox and measles. So-called “virgin soil” epidemics caused catastrophic mortality that culled the indigenous populations, and some scholars such as the late Henry Dobyns hypothesized a rate of decline of around 90 percent as epidemics spread across the Americas like a miasmic cloud. However, over the course of generations, the indigenous populations developed immunities to the maladies, and recovered. This book presents a detailed case study of indigenous populations congregated on Jesuit missions in lowland South America that challenges the basic assumptions of the model of “virgin soil” epidemics. It shows that epidemic mortality varied between communities, and that catastrophic mortality occurred on some mission communities generations after first sustained contact. It concludes that patterns of demographic change among indigenous populations were far more complex than is often assumed. This study is of interest to specialists in historical demography, colonial Spanish America, Native American history, and the history of Spanish frontier missions.

Author : Miguel de Asúa
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2022-05-09
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9783110488777

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Science and Catholicism in Argentina (1750–1960) by Miguel de Asúa Pdf

Science and Catholicism in Argentina (1750–1960) is the first comprehensive study on the relationship between science and religion in a Spanish-speaking country with a Catholic majority and a "Latin" pattern of secularisation. The text takes the reader from Jesuit missionary science in colonial times, through the conflict-ridden 19th century, to the Catholic revival of the 1930s in Argentina. The diverse interactions between science and religion revealed in this analysis can be organised in terms of their dynamic of secularisation. The indissoluble identification of science and the secular, which operated at rhetorical and institutional levels among the liberal elite and the socialists in the 19th century, lost part of its force with the emergence of Catholic scientists in the course of the 20th century. In agreement with current views that deny science the role as the driving force of secularisation, this historical study concludes that it was the process of secularisation that shaped the interplay between religion and science, not the other way around.